(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane

221.36900

221.37

213-048-4

L8S6UBW552

95428

DTXSID2027333

Liquid

29310095

53.71000

2.08390

Liquid; WetSolid

0.94 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

220-222 °C @ Solvent: Water, Cyclohexane

217 °C

96ºC

1.42-1.422

Solubility in water: reaction

Store at RT.

3.3 kPa at 121 deg C extrapolated to 2 Pa at 20 deg C (0.015 mm Hg)

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1780 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 3800 mg/kg

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

III

8

UN 2735

1

R22; R34

S26-S36/37/39-S45

TX2100000

C

Stable. Incompatible with acids, strong oxidizing agents. May decompose on exposure to moisture.

P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H302-H314-H317

Dissolve or mix the material with a conbustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.|SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Materials to avoid: Strong oxidizing agents, acids.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane [APTES], CAS #919-30-2 p.7 (November, 2003). This OECD Initial Assessment of HPV Chemicals is part of a series of OECD SIDS documents published by UNEP Chemicals to facilitate the access to information needed for health and environmental risk assessments of chemicals.[Available from, as of October 7, 2009: http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html]

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2021 companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Hand protection: The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it. Handle with gloves.|Eye protection: Safety glasses|Skin and body protection: Choose body protection according to the amount and concentration of the dangerous substance at the work place.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Methods for cleaning up Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.|Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

In production, this material is mostly handled in closed systems. Necessary engineering controls during production include proper ventilation, containment, safety equipment and actual hardware designed to minimize exposure through splashing, or exposure to the air. Transfer of this material is in closed pipes rather than in open systems to minimize loss of this material (hydrolysis) although some customers do transfer the material in open systems.[Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane|In case of skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician.|In case of eye contact: Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.|Hygiene measures: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 3-(Triethoxysilyl)propylamine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

APTES is severely irritating to the skin and eyes.[Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane|A skin and eye irritant.

Exposure: The commercial uses of this material are numerous and include various applications as coupling agents and adhesion promoters in fiberglass, adhesives and sealants, foundry resins, and in pre-treatment for coatings. ... Human Health: 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) has been tested for acute toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. Acute oral LD50s in rats range from 1570 to 3650 mg/kg bw. The dermal LD50 is 4.29 g/kg bw and the 4-hour inhalation LC50 of the hydrolysate is greater than 7.35 mg/L. Six hours of exposure to substantially saturated vapor of APTES did not kill any of the 5 male or female rats (LT50 > 6 hours). The kidney is a target organ for toxicity for oral and dermal exposures. APTES is severely irritating to the skin and eyes. In a Buehler study in guinea pigs, 7/30 animals showed a skin sensitization response. The hydrolysis products of this material do not elicit a sensitization response in a guinea pig maximization test. Repeated inhalation exposure of rats to 147 mg/cu m of APTES hydrolysate respirable aerosol for four weeks produced squamous metaplasia and foci of minimal granulomatous laryngitis. No systemic toxicity was observed in rabbits after 9 repeated dermal doses of 17 or 84 mg/kg bw/day or three repeated dermal doses of 126 mg/kg bw/day of APTES; the site of contact NOAEL is less than 17 mg/kg bw/day. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of APTES in a 90-day oral (gavage) study with rats was 200 mg/kg bw/day. APTES has been tested in several bacterial reverse mutation/Ames assays, in vitro V79 hamster lung cell and Chinese hamster fibroblast chromosome aberration assays, two Chinese hamster ovary cell HGPRT gene mutation assays, and an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. In vivo and in vitro screening assays have not revealed any evidence of genotoxic potential. At the highest dose-level (600 mg/kg/day) in a 90 day oral gavage study in rats, no effects were seen on parameters of oestrus cycle and spermatogenesis or reproductive organs. The NOAEL for developmental effects has been identified for APTES following exposure via oral (gavage) in rats, with a value of 100 mg/kg bw/day, the NOAEL for maternal toxicity based on deaths and ulceration of the GI tract is <0.5 mL/kg. Environment: The estimated partition coefficient Log Kow is 0.31 and the estimated water solubility is 7.6 x 10+5 mg/L; these values may not be applicable because the material is hydrolytically unstable... Photodegradation modeling indicates the halflife in the atmosphere due to the reaction with photochemically induced OH radicals to be approximately 2.4 hours. However, photodegradation as a mode of removal is unlikely and not expected to be a significant degradation process because APTES is hydrolytically unstable. In spill conditions, the concentration of the parent silane is very high. The silanols concentration could also be high; however, the silanol rapidly self-condenses to form water insoluble, resinous oligomers and polymers. The molecular weight of the resulting oligomers and polymers is predicted to be over 1000. Anecdotal evidence suggests the molecular weight of the polymers resulting from spills is 5000 - 10000. As the parent silane and the resulting silanol are diluted, it is predicted that the polymers resulting from condensation will be of lower molecular weight. At sufficiently low silanol concentrations, low molecular weight oligomers are favored. It is calculated that at 1000 ppm of a related trialkoxysilane, the equilibrium concentration will be 86% silanol monomer and 14% silanol dimer. At still lower concentrations, the silanol will exist as the uncondensed monomer. These polymers will not be bioavailable. However, such materials are likely to cause toxicity in aquatic species due to physical effects (encapsulation, blockage of gills). The APTES 96-hr LC50 is > 934 mg/L for freshwater fish (Brachydanio rerio). The 48-hr EC50 for APTES is = 331 mg/L for the water flea (Daphnia magna). The 72-hr EbC50 for freshwater green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) is 603 mg/L. On the basis of cell growth, a 10% suppression of cell growth for the freshwater green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus)was achieved at 72 hour EbC10 = 38 mg/L; on the basis of growth rate, a 10% suppression of cell growth in the same species was achieved at (0-72 hour) ErC10 = 321 mg/L. Since APTES is sensitive to hydrolysis, which may occur during preparation of the dosing solutions and/or during the testing, the observed toxicity is likely due to the hydrolysis products ethanol and trisilanols.[Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

LD50 Rat oral 1780 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (Sprague-Dawley, male) peroral intubation 2.83 g/kg (95% confidence limits = 2.83 (1.61 to 4.98))|LD50 Rat (Sprague-Dawley, female) peroral intubation 1.57 g/kg (95% confidence limits = 1.57 (1.34 to 1.85))|LD50 Mouse ip 260 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 3-(Triethoxysilyl)propylamine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane's production and use as a chemical coupling agent for ligands to glass and silica surfaces(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Adsorption to soil will not be an important environmental fate process(SRC) due to (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane's rapid hydrolysis; its half-life is 0.15 hours at pH 9 and 24.7 °C(1). (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil based on its vapor pressure of 0.015 mm Hg at 20 °C(2). The observed biodegradation of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, a 67% loss in 28 days indicated by a DOC die-away test using domestic sewage innoculum, is of the hydrolysis products (ethanol and trisilanols)(1); therefore, biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Hydrolysis of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane occurs rapidly via cleavage of the ethoxy groups in the presence of water; at pH 9.0, hydrolysis occurred most rapidly, with a half lives at 10, 24.7, and 37 °C of 0.78, 0.15, and 0.043 hours, respectively(1). Due to (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane's rapid hydrolysis, adsorption to suspended solids and sediment, and bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not be important environmental fate processes(SRC). (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is not readily biodegradable as indicated by a DOC die-away test using domestic sewage innoculum; the observed degradation was attributed primarily to hydrolysis and further degradation of resulting products (ethanol and trisilanols)(1). Therefore, biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, which has a vapor pressure of 0.015 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). However, because of the rapid hydrolysis of this material with moisture in the atmosphere, photolysis in the atmosphere is not predicted to be a significant mode of removal, and should be considered secondary to hydrolysis(4). Hydrolysis occurs rapidly via cleavage of the ethoxy groups in the presence of water; at pH 9.0, hydrolysis of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane occurred most rapidly, with a half lives at 10, 24.7, and 37 °C of 0.78, 0.15, and 0.043 hours, respectively(4). (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). However, hydrolysis of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is expected to be the primary route of abiotic degradation under environmental conditions; hydrolysis occurs rapidly via cleavage of the ethoxy groups in the presence of water to produce ethanol and trisilanols(2). The Si-C is hydrolytically stable. (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane was shown to hydrolyze over a range of pH and temperature conditions; at pH 9.0 hydrolysis of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane occurred most rapidly, with a half lives at 10, 24.7, and 37 °C of 0.78, 0.15, and 0.043 hours respectively(2). (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).|(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane hydrolysis at envrionmentally relevant temperature and pH(1).|Only the ethoxy groups will be hydrolyzed from (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The transient silanol groups will condense with other silanols to yield R-Si(OR')3 type resins, where R = CH2CH2CH2NH2 and R' = either H or Si(R)(OR'). As a result, aminopropyl-functional resins are generated. If the silane is slowly released such that the concentration of the resulting aminopropyl-functional silanetriol is not high enough to result in polymerization, the trisilanol will exist largely as the monomer. The monomer is known to be water soluble by virtue of the three hydroxy groups on the silicon(1).

Bioconcentration is not anticipated since this material is hydrolytically unstable; rapid hydrolysis of this material produces ethanol and trisilanols. (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane's hydrolysis half-life is 0.15 hours at pH 9 and 24.7 °C(1).

Adsorption to soil will not be an important environmental fate process due to (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane's rapid hydrolysis(SRC); its half-life is 0.15 hours at pH 9 and 24.7 °C(1).

The reactive nature of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane destroys the parent material in any moisture-containing environment, thus limiting environmental exposure to the silane. The parent material is hydrolyzed in a spill situation; the rapid hydrolysis means that the parent silane is unlikely to be found in the environment(1). The hydrolysis half-life of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is 0.15 hours at pH 9 and 24.7 °C(1). (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.015 mm Hg(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 33,590 workers (5,422 of these were female) were potentially exposed to (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane in the US(1).|No known production process involve aerosolized or sprayed (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. Occupational exposure to (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is therefore unlikely due to engineering controls in place during production, and rapid hydrolysis of the material when exposed to air. Transfer of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane occurs in closed, purged systems that exclude moisture, and are inert(1,2). In coatings that are applied by spraying, very low levels of free silane may be present (generally 0.1-0.2%). Dermal contact with this compound is therefore possible at workplaces where it is produced or used. Exposure of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to the general population is limited, but may occur by dermal contact with products containing (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane(SRC). Coating formulations in which (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is added, generally contain less than 1 percent; once added it becomes 0.1-0.2% of the parent silane due to its reactive nature. After curing, the parent silane is consumed into the polymer matrix and no longer exists, eliminating the potential for consumer exposure(1).

Ethyl alcohol (0-1%), 2-butanone (0-2%), dibenzoyl peroxide (0-1%) (purity 98% - 100%)[Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal (refer to ingestion protocol in Section Three ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May be harmful if inhaled. Material is extremely destructive to the tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. May be harmful if absorbed through skin. Causes skin burns. Causes eye burns.

(3-aminopropyl)triethoxy silane

Adhesive manufacturing|1-Propanamine, 3-(triethoxysilyl)-: ACTIVE|APTES is transported from the production site as the parent silane to processors/formulators. Generally, APTES is used by the processor/formulator as an adhesion promoter with use levels <1%. In some applications, APTES is used as a crosslinker; these use levels are higher and can approach 3 to 5 %. Once APTES is added to a consumer or industrial product, the parent silane reacts with the components of the formulation and is generally present as the parent silane at 0.1-0.2% until after curing (use). After curing the parent silane is consumed into the polymer matrix and no longer exists and greatly reduces potential for consumer or worker exposure. APTES polymerizes during use.[Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane|Attaches a primary amine functional group to a surface; used to chemically couple ligands to glass and silica surfaces such as glass slides. The silane is used to couple to the glass and the amine functional group is used to couple to compounds of interest. Coats some plastics noncovalently to create a reactive film.