Roundup

346.40400

346.23500

254-056-8

BJX3508RLJ

DTXSID0034649

White powder

2931900090

208.08000

-2.36150

Clear liquid

1.218 g/mL at 25ºC

200ºC

465.8ºC at 760 mmHg

235.5ºC

n20/D 1.435

In water, 1.05X10+6 mg/L at 25 deg C

Store above 10F to prevent crystallizing. If allowed tºCrystallize, place in warm room 68F for several days to redissolve; mix w

1.58x10-8 mmHg

Odorless

pKa1 = 2.18 /monophosphate/; pKa2 = 5.77 /carboxylic acid/, both at 20 °C

NONH for all modes of transport

R36

S26

Xi

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P273

H411

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal.|Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it.|Waste treatment methods: Product Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Glyphosate, EPA 738-R-93-014 (September 1993). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide /including isopropylamine and sodium salt formulations/ to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of October 1, 2014: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

|H411 (98.72%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]|P273, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 313 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Impervious clothing, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection not required. For nuisance exposures use type OV/AG (US) or type ABEK (EU EN 14387) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), oxides of phosphorus.

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label.|After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash.|Accidental Release Measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Worker Protection Standard (WPS) Requirements. Any product whose labeling permits use in the production of an agricultural plant on any farm, forest, nursery or greenhouse must comply with the labeling requirements of: PR Notice 93-7, "Labeling Revisions Required by the Worker Protection Standard (WPS)," andPR Notice 93-11, "Supplemental Guidance for PR Notice 93-7." Unless specifically directed in the RED, all statements required by these two PR Notices must appear on product labeling exactly as instructed in the Notices. Labels /for glyphosate isopropylamine salt were required to/ be revised by April 21, 1994, for products distributed or sold by the primary registrant or supplementally registered distributors, and by October 23, 1995, for products distributed or sold by anyone.|/Glyphosate Isopropylamine/ Products Not Primarily Intended for Home Use: Uses Within the Scope of the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) - A 12-hour restricted entry interval (REI) is required for all products with uses within the scope of the WPS, except products intended primarily for home use. The PPE for early entry should be that required for applicators of glyphosate, except any applicator requirement for an apron or respirator is waived. This REI and PPE should be inserted into the standardized statements required by PR Notice 93-7. Sole Active Ingredient End-Use Products - Labels must ... adopt the entry restrictions set forth in this section. ... Multiple Active Ingredient Products - ... A specific time period in hours or days is considered more protective than "until sprays have dried" or "dusts have settled."|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or building supply stores.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Some glyphosate end-use products are in Toxicity Categories I or II form primary eye irritation or skin irritation. In California, glyphosate ranks high among pesticides causing illness or injury to workers, who report numerous incidents of eye and skin irritation from splashes during mixing and loading.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Glyphosate isopropylamine salt is a white odorless powder that is commonly used as a herbicide to control broadleaf weeds and grasses, in many food and non-food crops. It is an active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Clinical experiences with patients exposed to Roundup either accidentally or through deliberate ingestion have been reported by investigators. Symptoms resulting from dermal exposure incidental to the use of the product included periorbital edema and chemosis of the eye, cardiovascular effects (tachycardia and elevated blood pressure), swelling and paraesthesia at the site of dermal contact and prolonged skin irritation. Deliberate ingestion resulted in more severe effects, including lethality from apparent respiratory and cardiac arrest. In glyphosate-containing herbicides abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea are the most common manifestations of acute poisoning. These may be mild self-resolving, but in severe poisoning there may be inflammation, ulceration, or infarction. Severe diarrhea and recurrent vomiting may induce dehydration. Gastrointestinal burns and necrosis occurs with high doses of concentrated formulations and may be associated with hemorrhage. Extensive erosions of the upper gastrointestinal tract are associated with more severe systemic poisoning and a prolonged hospitalization. Severe poisonings by glyphosate-containing herbicides manifests as hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, renal and hepatic dysfunction, hyperkalemia, pancreatitis, pulmonary edema or pneumonitis, altered level of consciousness, and metabolic acidosis. These effects may be transient or severe, progressing over 12 to 72 hours to shock and death. The mechanism of hypotension may relate to both hypovolemia (fluids shifts and increased losses) and direct cardiotoxicity. Deaths following ingestion of Roundup alone were due to a syndrome that involved hypotension, unresponsive to iv fluids or vasopressor drugs, and sometimes pulmonary edema, in the presence of normal central venous pressure. ANIMAL STUDIES: Six groups of 10 male rabbits were treated with 76 or 114 mg/kg b.w. undiluted glyphosate isopropylamine salt for 5 days/week for 21 days. Toxicity was apparent only as dermal changes, which were more pronounced on abraded skin, but which in all cases had healed by the end of a 28-day recovery period. In glyphosate isopropylamine formulations containing surfactants, acute toxicity was due to the surfactant. In acute female dog study the joint effect of both glyphosate and the surfactant in Roundup formulation resulted in cardiac depression, which was mostly due to the surfactant since glyphosate itself increased myocardial contractility. A 4-week inhalation study was carried out on rats with a 1:3 dilution of Roundup formulation. Test concentrations of 50, 160 and 360 mg/cu m of the diluted formulation were administered as an aerosol spray for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week. An increased incidence of irritation of the nasal turbinates (subacute inflammation), trachea (mononuclear cell infiltration) and lungs (perivascular lymphoid infiltrates/aggregates) was observed among the high-dose females only. No signs of systemic toxicity were found (parameters: survival, growth, limited hematology and blood biochemistry, organ weights, limited histopathology). The genotoxic potential of the herbicide Roundup and glyphosate isopropylamine salt was studied in three different assays. No clastogenic effects were found in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test for either of the two agents. In the Salmonella assay only Roundup was tested. It showed a weak mutagenic effect for the concn 360 ug/plate in TA98 (without metabolic activation) and 720 ug/plate in TA100 (with metabolic activation). The anaphase-telophase Allium test showed no effect for the glyphosate isopropylamine salt, but a significant increase in chromosome aberrations appeared after treatment with Roundup at concn of 1.44 and 2.88 mg/L when calculated as glyphosate isopropylamine. The most frequent aberrations observed could be characterized as disturbances of the spindle. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Roundup had no apparent adverse effects on reproduction, growth, or survival of deer mice 1 year after treatment of forest. The population density of Townsend chipmunks (Eutamias townsendii) appeared to initially decline in the treated area, although this response was short lived. No changes in fecundity or gonadosomatic index were observed in adult rainbow trout treated with up to 2.0 mg/L of glyphosate isopropylamine salt. In avoidance studies, rainbow trout did not avoid concentrations of the isopropylamine salt up to 10.0 mg/L. The egg stage was the least sensitive early life stage for both rainbow trout and channel catfish. Overall, the Roundup formulation was 3 to 42 times more toxic than the technical grade material.

LD50 Rat oral >5000 mg/kg|LD50 Goat oral 5700 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal >5000 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation >1.3 mg/L air/4 hr|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute toxicity of isopropylamine salt to 4 aquatic invertebrates and 4 species of fish was studied. No changes in fecundity or gonadosomatic index were observed in adult rainbow trout treated with up to 2.0 mg/L. In avoidance studies, rainbow trout did not avoid concentrations of the isopropylamine salt up to 10.0 mg/L.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Survival of Daphnia magna in a forest pond did not show any significant variation between control and those exposed to Roundup at concentrations of 2.2, 22, and 220 kg/ha for 2, 4, and 8 days.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The egg stage was the least sensitive early life stage for both rainbow trout and channel catfish. ... Overall, the Roundup formulation was 3 to 42 times more toxic than the technical grade material.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Fingerlings (2.1 g, 5.8 cm) of rainbow trout (/Oncorhynchus mykiss/) that were exposed for 14 days to Roundup in flow-through pens in shallow streams did not show any mortality or substance-related effects at application rates of up to 220 kg a.i. (free acid)/ha. In this experiment Roundup was sprayed manually on moderately flowing forest streams in British Columbia, Canada. In the same area an aerial application of 2.2 kg a.i. (free acid)/ha did not cause mortality or obvious signs of stress in rainbow trout fingerlings in flow-through pens, which were also exposed to Roundup for 14 days. /Roundup/|For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EXPERIMENTAL: In lactating goats concentrations of carbon-14 label in milk were measured after giving capsules containing a 9:1 mixture of 14C-glyphosate and 14C-aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) to a dose level equivalent to 120 mg/kg diet (expressed as free acid) for 5 days. Concentrations in milk (as mg equivalents glyphosate/kg whole milk) ranged from 0.019 to 0.086 mg/kg during the test period; at day 5 after the last dose the concentration was 0.006 mg/kg.

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE. (See all compounds classified as Herbicides.)|Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes. (See all compounds classified as Uncoupling Agents.)|Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues. (See all compounds classified as Antifungal Agents.)|Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. (See all compounds classified as Enzyme Inhibitors.)

Glyphosate and its isopropylamine salt have extremely low oral toxicity. Orally administered glyphosate is incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of rats, especially in males. It is excreted unchanged in the urine, although there is evidence of biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation.|The percutaneous absorption of (14)C-labelled glyphosate from 3 formulations of glyphosate was measured in excised human abdominal skin using an in vitro technique. Glyphosate was found to be very poorly absorbed under these conditions, with the epidermis acting as the primary barrier /Glyphosate formulations/.|The percutaneous absorption of glyphosate was studied in vivo and in vitro. The ability of Roundup, a commercial glyphosate formulation, applied neat and in 1:20 to 1:32 dilutions to penetrate human thigh skin samples obtained at autopsy was evaluated using flow through cells containing human plasma as the receptor fluid. The ability of 14C-labeled Roundup and the 1:20 and 1:32 dilutions to bind to powdered human stratum corneum was investigated. Adult female rhesus monkeys were administered 500 or 5400 ug per 200 sq cm labeled glyphosate topically or 9 or 93 ug glyphosate iv. Blood and urine samples were collected starting 24 hr before dosing and up to 8 days post dosing and assayed for carbon-14 activity. Selected monkeys were killed 7 days after topical exposure to determine the tissue distribution of glyphosate derived carbon-14 activity. Other monkeys were topically administered a 1:20 dilution of 14C-labeled glyphosate.The application sites were washed with soap and water or water 0 to 24 hr later to assess the ability of these treatments to remove glyphosate. In vitro, less than 2% of the applied glyphosate penetrated human skin. Glyphosate as Roundup or in diluted form did not bind to powdered stratum corneum. Around 95 to 99% of iv administered glyphosate was excreted in the urine, mostly within the first 24 hr. Following topical application only 2.2% of the 5400 ug/200 sq cm dose and 0.8% of the 500 ug/200 sq cm dose were excreted in the urine over 8 days. Based on the iv data, 0.8 to 2.2% of the applied doses was estimated to have been absorbed. Glyphosate was detected in the blood after iv administration, but not topical application. No glyphosate derived radioactivity was detected in any internal organs after topical application. Soap and water, or water removed 89.6 and 83.6% of the applied dose, respectively, 12 hr after treatment. Both treatments removed about 50% of the applied dose 24 hr after exposure. It was concluded that the amounts of glyphosate absorbed through the skin of rhesus monkeys is low, on the order of 0.8 to 2.2%. Since the rhesus monkey is a good model for percutaneous absorption relevant to humans, glyphosate should have little dermal toxicity for humans. /Roundup/|Interactions /of glyphosate/ with skin and potential systemic availability through percutaneous absorption was studied by skin binding, skin absorption, residual tissue distribution, and skin decontamination. Glyphosate in a final formulation (Roundup) undiluted and diluted with water 1:20 and 1:32, would not partition into powdered human stratum corneum (<1%). In vitro percutaneous absorption through human skin into human plasma as receptor fluid was no more than 2% over a concentration range of 0.5-154 ug/sq cm and a topical volume range of 0.014-0.14 mL/sq cm. Disposition of glyphosate following iv administration of 93 and 9 ug doses to rhesus monkeys was mainly through urine excretion, 95 + or - 8 and 99 + or - 4% in 7 days, respectively. Percutaneous absorption in vivo in rhesus monkey was 0.8 + or - 0.6% for the low dose (25 ug/sq cm) and 2.2 + or - 0.8% for the high dose (270 ug/sq cm). No residual (14)C was found in organs of the monkeys euthanized 7 days after the topical application. Washing the skin application site with soap and water removed 90 + or - 4% of applied dose, and washing with water only removed 84 + or - 3% of applied dose. Both soap and water and water only were equal in ability to remove glyphosate from skin over a 24 hr skin application period. About 50% of the initially applied dose could be recovered after 24 hr. Glyphosate is very soluble in water and insoluble in most organics (octanol/water log P = -1.70) and therefore not compatible with the lipid-laden stratum corneum. This is consistent with the low skin binding and skin absorption and also consistent with the efficient removal from skin with soap and water or water-only wash. /Roundup/|In lactating goats concentrations of carbon-14 label in milk were measured after giving capsules containing a 9:1 mixture of (14)C-glyphosate and (14)C-aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) to a dose level equivalent to 120 mg/kg diet (expressed as free acid) for 5 days. Concentrations in milk (as mg equivalents glyphosate/kg whole milk) ranged from 0.019 to 0.086 mg/kg during the test period; at day 5 after the last dose the concentration was 0.006 mg/kg.

The kinetics of whole body elimination /in Sprague Dawley rats/ were estimated using the radioactivity (carbon-14) measured in urine and feces after a single oral dose of (14)C-glyphosate (10 or 1000 mg/kg body weight). Because of the lack of biotransformation of glyphosate it is valid to base kinetics on total radioactivity. The elimination appeared to be biphasic. The half-life of the alpha elimination phase at 10 mg/kg body weight was 5.87 hr (males) or 6.22 hr (females); at 1000 mg/kg body weight this was 5.26 hr (males)or 6.44 hr (females). The half-life of the beta phase at 10 mg/kg body weight was 79 hr (males) or 106 hr (females); at 1000 mg/kg body weight this was 181 hr (males) or 337 hr (females).

Proposed mechanisms include disruption of cellular membranes and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, although these may be interrelated. Indeed, the mechanism of toxicity may vary between different formulations of glyphosate. In two cases of glyphosate trimesium poisoning cardiopulmonary arrest occurred within minutes of ingestion. Since this is not reported from glyphosate isopropylamine, it is possible that these products differ in the mechanism of toxicity.|Experimentally, there appears to be minimal (if any) mammalian toxicity from glyphosate itself... LD50 greater than 4000 mg/kg. Surfactant coformulants are considered the more toxic component in glyphosate-containing herbicides. Polyoxyethyleneamine (POEA; tallow amine; LD50 equal to 1200 mg/kg) is the most common surfactant formulated in these products, but others are also used. ...Coformulated potassium and isopropylamine may also contribute to toxicity. Isopropylamine has a rat LD50 of 111 to 820 mg/kg, decreases vascular resistance, and may either increase or decrease cardiac contractility and rate.|...Disruptions of oxidative phosphorylation globally impair normal cellular function as a result of limited energy supply... Similarly, direct toxicity to cell membranes (including those of the mitochondria) interferes with normal cellular processes such as ion channels. Both disruptions induce multiorgan toxicity. Hypotension and dysrhythmias impair tissue perfusion, and hepatic and renal toxicity induce metabolic disequilibria and acidosis, which impairs normal physiological processes. Pulmonary toxicity may lead to hypoxia, which further compromises normal cellular functioning. Failure to correct these abnormalities may lead to irreversible cellular toxicity and death. /glyphosate-containing herbicides/|/The study/ tested the effects of glyphosate and Roundup at lower nontoxic concentrations on aromatase, the enzyme responsible for estrogen synthesis. The glyphosate-based herbicide disrupts aromatase activity and mRNA levels and interacts with the active site of the purified enzyme, but the effects of glyphosate are facilitated by the Roundup formulation in microsomes or in cell culture. /The authors/ conclude that endocrine and toxic effects of Roundup, not just glyphosate, can be observed in mammals /and/ suggest that the presence of Roundup adjuvants enhances glyphosate bioavailability and/or bioaccumulation.|For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Glyphosate (Roundup) and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Monitor body temperature and treat if necessary. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Glyphosate (Roundup) and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor and treat cardiac arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Glyphosate (Roundup) and Related Compounds/|EXPERIMENTAL: BACKGROUND: Although glyphosate intoxication has been considered minimally toxic in animals, severe toxicity has been observed in humans due to surfactant. /This study/ aimed to examine the potential therapeutic effects of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) on the patients with acute glyphosate intoxication. METHODS: This study enrolled 64 glyphosate-intoxicated patients with allocation to two groups: those treated with ILE (ILE group, n = 22), and control patients treated with only supportive (conservative) care. Control patients were selected by matching for the amount ingested and time since ingestion. Twenty-two control patients were separately selected from the 42 patients receiving supportive care only. In ILE group, 20% lipid emulsion product was injected intravenously ... for the patients who ingested less than 100 mL of glyphosate. In the patients who ingested more than 100 mL of glyphosate, the loading dose was ... according to the status of the patients, followed by a maintenance dose ... for the next 24 hr. RESULTS: Thirteen patients received high dose of ILE because the ingestion amount was more than 100 ml. None of the ILE group suffered from the complication of hypotension, while approximately 41% of the control group developed the complication. Additionally, arrhythmia was not observed in the ILE group. The incidence of mental change, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury was similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: ILE administration was associated with lower incidence of hypotension and arrhythmia in patients with acute glyphosate intoxication. ILE administration seems to be an effective treatment modality in patients who ingested sufficient amount of glyphosate herbicide that is expected to bring about significant toxicity. /Glyphosate/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A sensitization study was performed in 204 human volunteers with undiluted Roundup according to a modified Draize method. The summary report stated that there was no effect in any subject. The same /investigator/ reported absence of photosensitization by Roundup in volunteers. /Roundup/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Clinical experiences with patients exposed to Roundup either accidentally or through deliberate ingestion have been reported... Symptoms resulting from dermal exposure incidental to the use of the product included periorbital edema and chemosis of the eye, cardiovascular effects (tachycardia and elevated blood pressure), swelling and paraesthesia at the site of dermal contact and prolonged skin irritation. Deliberate ingestion resulted in more severe effects, including lethality from apparent respiratory and cardiac arrest. /Roundup/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea are the most common manifestations of acute poisoning. These may be mild self-resolving, but in severe poisoning there may be inflammation, ulceration, or infarction. Severe diarrhea and recurrent vomiting may induce dehydration. Gastrointestinal burns and necrosis occurs with high doses of concentrated formulations and may be associated with hemorrhage. Extensive erosions of the upper gastrointestinal tract is associated with more severe systemic poisoning and a prolonged hospitalization. /glyphosate-containing herbicides/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Severe poisonings manifests as hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, renal and hepatic dysfunction, hyperkalemia, pancreatitis, pulmonary edema or pneumonitis, altered level of consciousness, and metabolic acidosis. These effects may be transient or severe, progressing over 12 to 72 hours to shock and death. The mechanism of hypotension may relate to both hypovolemia (fluids shifts and increased losses) and direct cardiotoxicity. /glyphosate-containing herbicides/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

gliphosate

The National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) identifies 72 companies with active labels for products containing the chemical glyphosate-isopropylammonium. To view the complete list of companies, product names and percent glyphosate-isopropylammonium in formulated products click the following url and enter the CAS Registry number in the Active Ingredient field.|Kleenup Super Edger (Bonide Products, Inc): Active ingredient: glyphosate-isopropylammonium 0.25%; oxyfluorfen 0.25%.|Bonide Kleenup Grass & Weed Killer, Ready to Use (Bonide Products, Inc): Active ingredient: glyphosate-isopropylammonium 0.50%; sodium acifluorfen 0.12%.|Kleenup Spot Weed & Grass Killer (Bonide Products, Inc): Active ingredient: glyphosate-isopropylammonium 0.75%.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT (36 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Glyphosate is registered for use in over 100 countries. The original glyphosate formulation concentrate (Roundup Herbicide, Monsanto) contained the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (41% w/v), a polyethoxylated tallow amine surfactant (15.4% w/v), and water. Over 100 different brand names comprised of many formulations have been sold worldwide by this company. In addition, other companies may now market the glyphosate molecule, and it is estimated to appear in thousands of other herbicide products. Some products contain the original isopropylamine salt, but some contain the monoammonium, sodium sesqui-, or other salts of glyphosate. Some products are dry formulations; some contain different surfactant systems, or greater or lesser amounts of total surfactant, or no surfactant at all. Glyphosate may also be sold in combination with other herbicides including various chlorphenoxy compounds, simazine, linuron, and picloram or with a fertilizer to boost plant growth, thereby enhancing lethality.|Glyphosate may also be sold in combination with other herbicides including various chlorphenoxy compounds, simazine, linuron, and picloram or with a fertilizer to boost plant growth, thereby enhancing lethality.|The glyphosate is formulated in a surfactant ...