Pentachloronaphthalene

300.4 g/mol

299.864788 g/mol

215-320-8

0935

DTXSID70164502

White powder|Pale-yellow or white solid or powder.

0 Ų

8.73/9.13

1.7 g/cm³

120 °C

326.67-371.11 °C

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2016)|... Soluble in organic solvents.|Solubility in water: none|Insoluble

Materials which are toxic as stored or which decompose into toxic components due to contact with heat ... should be stored in cool, well-ventilated place, out of direct rays of sun, away from areas of high fire hazard, and ... periodically inspected and monitored.

less than 1 mm Hg (NIOSH, 2016)|< 1 torr at 20 °C|Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C:|<1 mmHg

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 10.4

Aromatic odor

Pentachloronaphthalene consists of 14 individual isomers.

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water Insoluble in water

Aryl Halides

PENTACHLORONAPHTHALENE is non-flammable, but combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic gases in a fire. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Reacts violently with aluminum, with bases, and with liquid O2.

Noncombustible Solid

QK0300000

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Ensure plentiful supply of hydrocarbon fuel (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Strong oxidizers.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P391, and P501|Danger|P260, P264, P270, P301+P312, P314, P330, and P501|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, and P501

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear rubber gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus, overalls.|... Wear appropriate clothing to prevent any possibility of skin contact with molten material ... /or/ solutions. Wear eye protection ... /and/ wash promptly when skin ... is contaminated. /Chloronaphthalenes/|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for PENTACHLORONAPHTHALENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Noncombustible

Absorb the spills with paper towels or the like materials. Place in a hood to evaporate. Dispose by burning the towel.

BASIC VENTILATION METHODS ARE LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION & DILUTION OR GENERAL VENTILATION.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PENTACHLORONAPHTHALENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. Skin Designation.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted avg: 0.5 mg/cu m, skin.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin.

May cause chloracne. The substance may have effects on the liver. This may result in liver impairment.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Pentachloronaphthalene was identified, not quantified, in gas emissions from municipal waste incinerators(1).

Pentachloronaphthalene concns of 120-460 ng/kg were detected in surface sediments collected from 18 lakes in central Finland in 1988(1). Pentachloronaphthalene was detected (13 of the 14 possible isomers were identified) at concns of 4.21-427.82 picograms/g in the Orbetello and Venice lagoons, Italy(2).

IDENTIFICATION: There are 75 possible congeners of chlorinated naphthalenes. Commercial products are generally mixtures of several congeners and range from thin liquids to hard waxes to high melting point solids. The higher chlorinated naphthalene products have been used as impregnants for condensers and capacitors and dipping encapsulating cmpd in electronic and automotive applications and as temporary binders in the manufacture of ceramic components, in paper coating and in precision casting of alloys, in electroplating, stop-off cmpd, as additive in gear oils and cutting cmpd, in flame proofing and insulation of electrical cable and conductors and moisture proof sealants, as separators in batteries, in refractive index testing oils, masking cmpd in electroplating and in grinding wheel lubricants. HUMAN EXPOSURE: The major sources of release of chlorinated naphthalenes into the environment are likely from waste incineration and disposal of items containing chlorinated naphthalenes to landfill. In the past, chlorinated naphthalene concn of up to 14.5 mg/cu m have been measured in the workplace, while levels of 25-2900 ng/cu m have been recorded in out door air in vicinity of manufacturing sites. More recently, monitoring studies have revealed chlorinated naphthalene concn up to 150 pg/cu m at semirural sites and 1-40 pg/cu m at remote sites. Chlorinated naphthalenes can be absorbed via oral, inhalative and dermal routes, with absorption and distribution over the whole body after oral admin. Chlorinated naphthalenes, especially the dioxin-like congeners, have been detected in adipose tissue, liver, blood and breast milk samples from the general population at concn in the ng/kg lipid range. Severe skin reactions (chloracne) and liver disease have been reported after occupational exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes. Chloracne was common among workers who handling chlorinated naphthalenes in the 1930's to 1940's. A cohort study on workers exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes at a cable manufacturing plant found an excess of deaths from cirrhosis of the liver. However, individuals with chloracne did not show a higher mortality due to liver cirrhosis compared with other workers. The mortality from all cancers was slightly but significantly elevated among all exposed men (standardized mortality ratio =1.18, but was not more elevated in the subcohort with chloracne. This subcohort showed statistically significant excess mortality from cancer of the esophagus and from benign and unspecified neoplasms. Symptoms described in workers exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes included irritation of the eyes, fatigue, headache, anemia, hematuria, impotency, anorexia, vomiting and severe abdominal pain. Halowax 1014 containing penta- and hepta- chloronaphthalenes containing did induce chloracne to individuals after dermal application. The polychlorinated naphthalenes congener/isomer pattern found in human samples was significanntly different from the commercial polychlorinatednaphthalenes mixtures. Two dominating congeners were 1,2,3,5,7/1,2,3,5,6,7-pentachloronaphthalene. ANIMAL STUDIES: Chlorinated naphthalenes can be absorbed via oral, inhalative and dermal routes, with absorption and distribution over the whole body after oral admin. The main target organs are the liver and fat tissue (besides the kidney and lung) showing a high retention, especially for the higher chlorinated congeners The amount of bioaccumulation observed incr with the degree of chlorination of the chlorinated naphthalenes. Elimination of the parent compounds and/or metabolites occurs via feces and urine. Lower chlorinated naphthalenes are less toxic than the higher chlorinated naphthalenes. Long term and carcinogenicity studies with chlorinated naphthalenes have not been performed. Like related cmpd, chlorinated naphthalenes have been demonstrated to be inducers of the cytochrome p450 (CYP) dependent microsomal enzymes. Cattle developed severe systemic disease (bovine hyperkeratosis) during a 5 to 10 day oral exposure of pentachlorinated naphthalenes. Pentachlorinated naphthalenes showed hyperkeratoic activity in the rabbit ear test and in hairless mice. Rats fed a mixture of penta/hexachloronaphthalenes dosed on alternate days for 26 days showed moderate liver changes (swollen and vacuolated liver cells, as well as necrosis and degeneration of scattered cells. Chlorinated naphthalenes were also found to change lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats in a manner indicative of oxidative stress. At least some of the biological and toxic responses of chlorinated naphthalenes are believed to be mediated via the cytosolic Ah receptor, resembling those of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related cmpd. Short term exposure to higher chlorinated naphthalenes resulted in mortality, liver damage, degeneration of the kidneys etc in rats, rabbits and cattle. Inhalation of a penta/hexachloronaphthalene mixture for 143 days resulted in a slight to moderate histological liver damage in rats. All chlorinated naphthalenes tested cause skin irritations in laboratory animals. Chlorinated napthalenes appear to be of moderate to high acute toxicity to aquatic organisms. /Chlorinated naphthalenes, Halowaxes, Higher Chlorinated Naphthalenes/

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Black cormorants, Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (the breast muscles and liver) originating from the colony near Katy Rybackie on the south coast of the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea, were collected in 1992 and analysed for polychlorinated naphthalenes. PCNs were determined employing a multi-residue procedure including a non-destructive wide-bore open-tube extraction step, cleanup using semipermeable polyethylene membrane, HPLC fractionation of planar compounds on activated carbon column and final separation and identification and quantification with HRGC/HRMS. Tetra- to hepta-CNs were found in all samples examined, and penta- and next tetra-CNs were dominating homologue groups. Dominating members in the fingerprint of PCNs in black cormorants were 1,2,3,5,7-/1,2,4,6,7-P5CN (no. 52/60); 1,2,4,6,8-P5CN (no. 61); 1,2,3,4,6,7-/1,2,3,5,6,7-H6CN (no. 66/67); 1,2,4,6-/1,2,4,7-/1,2,5,7-T4CN (no. 33/34/37); 1,2,4,5,7-P5CN (no. 58); and 1,2,4,7,8-P5CN (no. 62). When related to potential food items, black cormorants biomagnify in their body many PCNs and the congeners no. 42 and 66/67 show highest biomagnification factor (BMF) values.|/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Congener-specific analysis of tetra-, penta-, hexa- and heptachloronaphthalenes in livers of white-tailed sea eagles collected dead in 1991-92 was performed using capillary gas chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC). Chloronaphthalenes were extracted and cleaned-up using a nondestructive method with semipermeable polyethylene membrane. The concentration of total polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in fresh livers of sea eagles ranged 2000 to 11000 pg/g in inland specimens, and 38000 to 110000 pg/g in sea coast specimens. Most of the 50 theoretically possible congeners of tetra-, penta-, hexa- and heptachloronaphthalene were identified in livers examined. 1,2,3,5,7,-/1,2,4,6,7-pentachloronaphthalene, followed by 1,2,3,7-tetrachloronaphthalene and 1,2,4,6-/1,2,4,7-/1,2,5,7-tetrachloronaphthalene were dominating compounds among PCNs determined.

Polychlorinated naphthalenes do not occur naturally in the environment(1).

Pentachloronaphthalene consists of 14 individual isomers that may have been released to the environment when it was used as an electrical insulating material, in gauge and instrument fluids, and in capacitor impregnants(1). U.S. demand for chloronaphthalenes has declined steadily; manufacturing of chloronaphthalene products ceased in 1977(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 22,400(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that pentachloronaphthalene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of pentachloronaphthalene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3); however, adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Pentachloronaphthalene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.5X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). No data were located regarding the biodegradation of pentachloronaphthalene in soil, but it has been reported that higher polychlorinated naphthalenes such as pentachloronaphthalene are slow to biodegrade(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 22,400(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that pentachloronaphthalene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 hours and 10 days, respectively if adsorption is ignored(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is 21 months if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF value 69,400(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 6.39(7) and a regression derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Halogenated aromatics are generally resistant to aqueous environmental hydrolysis(3); therefore, pentachloronaphthalene is not expected to hydrolyze in water(SRC). No data were located regarding the biodegradation of pentachloronaphthalene in water, but it has been reported that higher polychlorinated naphthalenes are slow to biodegrade(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), pentachloronaphthalene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase pentachloronaphthalene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 39 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase pentachloronaphthalene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Naphthalene and structurally related chemicals absorb light greater than 290 nm and are susceptible to photolysis(4); however the rate of this potential reaction is not known for pentachloronaphthalene(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of pentachloronaphthalene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 39 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Naphthalene and structurally related chemicals absorb light greater than 290 nm and are susceptible to photolysis(2); however the rate of this potential reaction is not known for pentachloronaphthalene(SRC). Halogenated aromatics are generally resistant to aqueous environmental hydrolysis(3); therefore, pentachloronaphthalene is not expected to hydrolyze in water(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 69,400 was calculated for pentachloronaphthalene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 6.39(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for pentachloronaphthalene can be estimated to be 22,400(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that pentachloronaphthalene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for pentachloronaphthalene is estimated as 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that pentachloronaphthalene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2); however adsorption to suspended solids and sediment is expected to attenuate volatilization. Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8 hours if adsorption is neglected(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 10 days if adsorption is neglected(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is estimated as 21 months if adsorption is considered(3). Pentachloronaphthalene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur, but adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Pentachloronaphthalene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.5X10-5(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).

SURFACE WATER: Polychlorinated naphthalenes were detected in groundwater from the Llobregat aquifer in Spain at concns of 0.5-79,100 ng/l, with pentachloronaphthalene identified as a major group of congeners(1). Pentachloronaphthalene was identified in 8 out of 32 wells and boreholes in the Llobregat aquifer at a max concn of 14,500 ng/l(1).

The concentrations of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were determined together with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in milk, sampled in the course of 1972-92 from mothers living in Stockholm. ... The mean recoveries of seven chlorinated naphthalene (CN) congeners added to milk prior to extraction were 76-99%. ... The pattern of PCNs in milk differed to a great extent from that in the commercial PCN products. The dominating congeners in breast milk were 1,2,3,5,7-pentachloronaphthalene (CN-52), 1,2,3,4,6,7- and/or 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexachloronaphthalene (CN-66/ CN-67) and one unidentified tetrachloronaphthalene. There was a notable decrease in the concentrations of PCNs as was of the other organochlorine contaminants in milk from 1972 to 1992. During this time period the sum of CN congeners decreased from 3,081 to 483 pg/g milk fat and the sum of toxic equivalents of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds decreased from 100 to 39 pg/g milk fat.

Occupational exposure and general population exposure should be low or non-existent since pentachloronaphthalene is no longer produced or used. (SRC)

A single oral dose (1 g) of pentachloronaphthalene to rabbits was not metabolised into the phenolic and conjugated urinary metabolites that are common for the lower chlorinated naphthalenes. Moreover, not more than 20 percent of unchanged pentachloronaphthalene was excreted via feces and urine over the 4-day period following dosing, indicating a possible bioaccumulation.

At least some of the biochemical (e.g., drug-metabolizing enzyme induction, hormonal changes) and toxic (e.g., skin disorders, weight loss, hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity) responses of PCNs are believed to be mediated via the cytosolic Ah receptor . Due to the lack of sufficient experimental data up to now, PCNs are not included in an internationally agreed toxic equivalency factor (TEF) system, which estimates the overall dioxin-like toxicity of the compound relative to TCDD. However, some congeners, in particular those with a planar structure (four lateral chlorines at 2,3,6,7, i.e., congeners 2,3,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene, 1,2,3,6,7-pentachloronaphthalene, 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexachloronaphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexachloronaphthalene, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloronaphthalene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptachloronaphthalene, and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octachloronaphthalene) similar to TCDD, may exert a toxicity comparable to the more toxic PCBs. /Polychlorinated naphthalenes/|Of the individual PCN congeners tested, penta-, hexa-, and heptachloronaphthalenes gave full dose- response curves, whereas most of the lower chlorinated congeners as well as octachloronaphthalene were inactive in /the rat hepatoma H4IIE-luc cell (luciferase) assay . The most potent congener was 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexachloronaphthalene . Similar results have been obtained by another study testing individual PCN congeners using the luciferase (and the EROD) assay with recombinant H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. Again, hexa- and heptachloronaphthalenes tested were the most potent congeners, /followed by/ Pentachlorinated congeners .Tetra, tri-, di-, and monochloronaphthalenes were found to be less active. There was also a rank order of potency within the penta- and hexachloronaphthalene isomers, in a manner suggesting that the presence of meta-substituted chlorines is linked to decreased potency. For example, for hexachloronaphthalenes, an approximate ranking order was given as 1,2,3,6,7,8 greater than 1,2,3,4,6,7 greater than 1,2,3,5,6,7 greater than 1,2,3,5,6,8.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, anorexia; pruritus, acne-form skin eruptions; jaundice, liver necrosis Target Organs: Skin, liver, central nervous system (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this solid chemical or a liquid containing this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention. If this molten chemical contacts the skin or nonimpervious clothing, immediately flush the affected area with large amounts of water to remove heat. Get medical attention immediately. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Naphthalene and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Start an IV with lactated Ringer's. Adequate hydration must be maintained to prevent renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria unless signs of cerebral or pulmonary edema are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Naphthalene and related compounds/|Maintain an open air way and assist ventilation if necessary. Treat coma and seizures if they occur. Treat hemolysis and resulting hemoglobinuria if they occur by intravenous hydration and urinary alkalinization. There is no specific antidote. Administer activated charcoal if available. Do not induce vomiting, because of the risk of lethargy and seizures. Do not administer milk, fats or oils, which may enhance absorption /Naphthalene/|NAPHTHALENE toxicosis caused by vapor inhalation can usually be managed simply by removing the individual to fresh air. Skin contamination should be removed promptly by washing with soap and water. Eye contamination should be removed by flushing with copious amounts of clear water. Irritation may be severe, and if it persists, should receive medical attention. /SRP: It may be helpful to empty stomach and administer dose of activated charcoal/ Examine the plasma for evidence of hemolysis: a reddish-brown tinge. Examine the blood smear for "ghosts" and Heinz bodies. If /hemolysis is/ present, monitor red blood cell count and hematocrit for anemia, urine for protein, and cells. Measure direct- and indirect-reacting bilirubin in the plasma. Monitor fluid balance and blood electrolytes. If possible, monitor urinary excretion of naphthol to assess severity of poisoning and clinical progress. If hemolysis is clinically significnt, administer intravenous fluids to accelerate urinary excretion of the naphthol metabolite and protect the kidney from products of hemolysis. Use Ringer's-lactate or sodium bicarbonate to keep urine pH above 7.5. Consider use of mannitol, or furosemide, to promote diuresis. If urine flow declines, intravenous infusions must be carefully monitored to avoid fluid overload. Institute hemodialysis. Consider charcoal hemoperfusion in tandem to extract naphthalene and end-products. If anemia is severe, blood transfusions may be needed. Hydrocortisone may be of some benefit if significant hemolysis is present. /Fumigant poisoning/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Until 1957 there was general agreement that as the degree of chlorination increased, so did the acneigenic properties and the systemic toxicity of the chloronaphthalenes. ... as a result /of/ ... experiments on human volunteers, the unexpected fact emerged that whereas tri-, tetra-, hepta-, and octachloronaphthalenes were entirely nonacneigenic, the penta- and hexachloro derivatives produced very severe chloracne indeed.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Nine reports of toxic hepatitis /cited/ as result of exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes, & one of them ... Specified pentachlorinated naphthalenes as agents responsible for 7 cases, 2 of them fatal.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ An incidence in which 92 workers were exposed to a mixture of tetra- and pentachloronaphthalene in the manufacture of insulated electrical coils is described. The majority of 59 people examined had chloracne lesions and systemic effects occurring among some of the workers included headache, fatigue, vertigo and anorexia. Toxic effects resulted from exposures through direct contact of the skin and inhalation of fumes. Improvement of environmental controls and the in-plant medical program effectively controlled the health hazard.|/CASE REPORTS/ Seven cases of poisoning from a manufacturing plant for wire cables in which pentachloronaphthalene was used for wire coating were described. All 7 workers showed signs of liver toxicity, and 2 of them died. Early symptoms included skin effects like rash or depigmentation. On prolonged exposure, the main target organ was the liver.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PENTACHLORONAPHTHALENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of fume and through the skin.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, anorexia; pruritus, acne-form skin eruptions; jaundice, liver necrosis

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Skin, liver, central nervous system

U.S. demand for chloronaphthalenes has declined steadily; manufacturing of chloronaphthalene products ceased in 1977(1).

Naphthalene, pentachloro-: ACTIVE|SP - indicates a substance that is identified in a proposed Significant New Use Rule.|Koppers Co, Inc., the sole U.S. producer, ceased manufacturing their chloronaphthalene products (Halowax) in 1977.|PENTACHLORONAPHTHALENE WAS ALSO IDENTIFIED IN KC-400, A POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL.|Commercial PCNs were produced by several companies, eg, Koppers Chemical Co., Halochem, Prodelec, Bayer, and ICI, and marketed under a number of trade names including Halowaxes, Nibren waxes, Seekay waxes, and Clonacire waxes. /Polychlorinated naphthalenes/|... Most of the commercial PCNs were complex mixtures of isomers and cogeners, although two products, namely monoPCN and Halowax 1051/N-Wax 80, contained primarily 1-chloronaphthalene and octachloronaphthalene, respectively. /Polychlorinated naphthalenes/

AIR SAMPLES CONTAINING POLYCHLORINATED NAPHTHALENES WERE COLLECTED ON GLASS FIBER FILTER & PRECLEANED POLYURETHANE FOAM PLUGS & EXTRACTED WITH TOLUENE. SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED BY QUADRUPOLE GC/MS/COMPUTER IN MULTIPLE ION DETECTION MODE. /POLYCHLORINATED NAPHTHALENES/|Chloronaphthalenes are analyzed by methods ... similar to those used for polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides /including/ ... GLC ... HPLC and TLC. /Chloronaphthalenes/|EPA Method 8120. Gas Chromatographic Method with an ECD for the detection of ppb levels of certain chlorinated hydrocarbons including chlorinated naphthalene, not otherwise specified. In solid waste using the solvent flush technique. Under the prescribed conditions for chlorinated naphthalene, not otherwise specified the method detection limit is not given. Precision and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the parameter and essentially independent of the sample matrix. /Chlorinated naphthalene, not otherwise specified/|EPA Method 8250. Packed Column GC/MS Technique for the determination of semivolatile organic compounds in extracts prepared from all types of solid waste matrices, soil, and groundwater. This method is applicable to quantify most neutral, acidic, and basic organic compounds that are soluble in methylene chloride and capable of being eluted with derivatization as sharp peaks from a gas chromatographic packed column. Under the prescribed conditions, chlorinated naphthalene, not otherwise specified, detection limit not given. Precision and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the analyte and essentially independent of the sample matrix. /Chlorinated naphthalene, not otherwise specified/|Method: NIOSH S96: Analyte: Pentachloronaphthalene. Matrix: Air. Procedure: GC; Range: 0.293-1.541 mg/cu m.