Trifluoromethane

70.01

70.01

200-872-4

ZJ51L9A260

0577

1984|3136

DTXSID0026410

Colorless gas|Liquefied gas

2903399090

0

0.64

Trifluoromethane is a colorless nonflammable gas. It is shipped as a liquid under pressure. It may be narcotic in high concentrations. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is used as a refrigerant.

1.44 g/cm³

-160 °C

-84.4 °C

1.00043 (25ºC)

H2O: Slight soluble

May be stored over water.

635 psi ( 21 °C)

2.43 (vs air)

Odorless

3.10e-16 cm3/molecule*sec

0.10 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 9.52X10-2 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C

Global Warming Potential (GWP): Chemical: HFC-23; GWP: 14,800 (100-Year Time Horizon)|Specific volume: 5.5 cu ft/lb at 70 °F and 1 atm|Critical volume: 133 cu cm/mole|Enthalpy of melting (at mp): 0.970 kcal/mole; enthalpy of vaporization (at bp): 3.99 kcal/mole; specific heat at 400 K: 14.61 cal/K/mole, at 600 K: 18.16 cal/K/mole, at 800 K: 20.35 cal/K/mole, at 1000 K: 21.76 cal/K/mole

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

TRIFLUOROMETHANE, R-23, is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. They suffer oxidation with strong oxidizing agents and under extremes of temperature.|TRIFLUOROMETHANE attacks magnesium and its alloys. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 936]. Contact of very cold liquefied gas with water may result in vigorous or violent boiling of the product and extremely rapid vaporization due to the large temperature differences involved. If the water is hot, there is the possibility that a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur. Pressures may build to dangerous levels if liquid gas contacts water in a closed container [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980].

The gas is heavier than air and may accumulate in lowered spaces causing a deficiency of oxygen.

Critical temperature: 33 °C; critical pressure: 47 atm

2.2

UN 1984 2.2

1

38

PB6900000

F

Cool. Ventilation along the floor.

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P261, P271, P304+P340, P312, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, P501

H280

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents

Danish EPA; Survey of selected fluorinated green-house gases (2015)[Available from, as of March 3, 2016: http://eng.mst.dk/]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: Non-flammable gases. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]|P410+P40, and 410+P403|Aggregated GHS information provided by 329 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]|H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]|P261, P271, P304+P340, P312, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids or solids. (ERG, 2016)|Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|Use water spray to cool unopened containers.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Do not use water on material itself. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.|Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material.

/GUIDE 120 GASES - INERT (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-flammable gases. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid/|/GUIDE 120 GASES - INERT (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. /Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid/|/GUIDE 120 GASES - INERT (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid/|/GUIDE 120 GASES - INERT (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids or solids. /Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for TRIFLUOROMETHANE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Trifluoromethane and trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid are included on the dangerous goods list.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Trifluoromethane and trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid are included on the dangerous goods list.

May be slightly irritating to respiratory tract ...

Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus.

Cool. Ventilation along the floor.

On loss of containment this substance can cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas.

Inhalation of the vapour may cause depression of the central nervous system. The liquid may cause frostbite. Exposure could cause cardiac arrythmia and asphyxiation.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Cold-insulating gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Trifluoromethane has been detected in stack emissions effluent as a result of waste incineration(1). Trifluoromethane was detected in the effluent of feedstock/process emissions in The Netherlands in 1990 at a rate of 4797 kilo tons CO2 equivalents/year(2). Trifluoromethane emissions increased from 0.08 Gg/year to 15.4 Gg/year in China from 1980 to 2012(3).|Trifluoromethane is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct in the production of chlorodifluoromethane (a widely used chemical in refrigeration and air conditioning) and is used as a feedstock in pentafluoroethane production and fluoropolymer manufacture(1). Estimated release of trifluoromethane (Gg/year) in Asian countries is as follows(1):[Table#5274]

RURAL/REMOTE: Background trifluoromethane concentrations increased from 2 to 11 parts/trillion volume in 65 samples collected from 1978 to 1995 over Cape Grim, Tasmania(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Trifluoromethane (FC-23) is a colorless, odorless gas, or liquefied gas. It is used as refrigerant, intermediate in organic synthesis, direct coolant for infrared detector cells, blowing agent for urethane foams, and component in etch gas for integrated circuits material. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Five normal healthy male volunteers were exposed to concentrations of FC-23 between 10% and 60% (randomly interleaved with exposures to both room air and 40% nitrous oxide) in a within-subjects, double-blind design. Analyses of individual cases and ranked group data showed that individuals tolerated the 30% concentration of FC-23. ANIMAL STUDIES: In cats, inhaled at 60%, trifluoromethane had no effect on cerebral blood flow, the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, or oxyhemoglobin content. At 70%, trifluoromethane sensitized the cats' hearts to epinephrine, but to a much lesser degree than 40% chlorodifluoromethane, and produced only moderate changes in cerebral electrical activity as measured by the electroencephalogram. In other study, the acute cardiac and central nervous system effects of trifluoromethane were evaluated in eight anesthetized baboons. A dose-response effect was established for respiratory rate, electroencephalogram, and cardiac sinus rate, which exhibited a stepwise decrease from 10% trifluoromethane. No spontaneous arrhythmias were noted, and arterial blood pressure remained unchanged at any inspired level. Intravenous epinephrine infusions induced transient cardiac arrhythmia in 1 animal only at 70% (v/v) trifluoromethane. Trifluoromethane appears to induce mild dose-related physiological changes at inspired levels of 30% or more, indicative of an anesthetic effect. It significantly increased mutation rates in progeny of Drosophila over control levels.

Trifluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant, a chemical intermediate, a direct coolant for infrared detector cells and a blowing agent for urethane foams(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trifluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole(3). Trifluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation in soil is not expected based on aerobic pure culture studies(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.5 hours and 3.3 days, respectively(SRC). Estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 5.1 years and 190 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2), suggest that hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.64(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation in water is not expected based on aerobic pure culture studies(7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trifluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase trifluoromethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 140-160 years(SRC), calculated from rate constants of 2.7X10-16 to 2.8X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3-5). Trifluoromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). This relatively slow half-life in the lower atmosphere suggests that some trifluoromethane may gradually diffuse into the stratosphere(SRC). The diffusion half-life for transport from the troposphere to the stratosphere is on the order of 20 years(7). Trifluoromethane has Global Warming Potentials of 8200-15,486 (20 Yr), 9200-19,691 (100 Yr) and 9900-15,547 (500 Yr(4, 8-11). The atmospheric life-time for trifluoromethane has been calculated to be 234-295 years(4, 8-11).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trifluoromethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 2.7X10-16 to 2.8X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1-3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 140-160 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(4). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.043 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(4); this corresponds to half-lives of 5.1 years and 190 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(4). Trifluoromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).|Global Warming Potentials (GWP) and atmospheric lifetimes (ALT) for trifluoromethane(1).[Table#5273]

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for trifluoromethane(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.64(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of trifluoromethane can be estimated to be 32(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that trifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for trifluoromethane is 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that trifluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.3 days(SRC). Trifluoromethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Trifluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: Trifluoromethane was identified, not quantified, in 408 groundwater samples from wells in New Jersey(1). Trifluoromethane has been detected in 29 of 949 groundwater samples from New Jersey at a maximum concentration of 3.5 ppb(2).|SURFACE WATER: Trifluoromethane was detected in 33 of 431 surface water samples in New Jersey with a maximum concentration of 2178.2 ppb(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 3 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of trifluoromethane in the United States is reported to be <10 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 529 workers (353 of these are female) were potentially exposed to trifluoromethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to trifluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trifluoromethane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to trifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of contaminated drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing trifluoromethane(SRC).

... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated & slowly released into blood @ concn that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization. /Fluorocarbons/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasosupressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of cardiac irritability and fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Animal studies show FC-23 to be a promising magnetic resonance imaging indicator of regional cerebral blood flow. In a Phase 1, dose ranging (investigative new drug) study, neuropsychological (NP) tests, subjective ratings, and intensive physiological monitoring were used to determine the maximum tolerated concentration of FC-23 for human application. Five normal healthy male volunteers were exposed to concentrations of FC-23 between 10% and 60% [randomly interleaved with exposures to both room air and 40% nitrous oxide (N2O)] in a within-subjects, double-blind design. Analyses of individual cases and ranked group data showed that individuals tolerated the 30% concentration of FC-23 according to established criteria. Planned comparisons indicated that inhalation of FC-23 produced smaller NP changes and fewer negative symptoms than 40% N2O but poorer NP performance and more negative symptoms than room air. This study indicated that FC-23 is not inert and that humans do not tolerate concentrations suitable for current MRI technology.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging shows promise in the measurement of human cerebral blood flow (CBF) in that nonradioactive indicators may be used. Our earlier investigations with trifluoromethane (FC-23) gas have shown that this compound can be used to safely and effectively measure CBF in anesthetized animal models. In this Phase I dose-escalation study we set out to determine the maximal tolerated concentration (MTC) of FC-23 in normal healthy male volunteers and to assess its feasibility as an NMR indicator. Five subjects were exposed in a blinded fashion to escalating concentrations of FC-23 between 10% and 60%, randomly interleaved with exposures to both room air and 40% nitrous oxide. On each study day, the subjects breathed the test gas for eight pulses of 3 min each with 2-min clearance periods between the pulses. The subjects underwent intensive physiologic and neurobehavioral monitoring throughout the study period. The first subject experienced an anesthetic response to 60% FC-23, and the second subject experienced "discomfort" and requested discontinuation at the initiation of 40% FC-23. The MTC was subsequently determined to be 30% FC-23 (all subjects tolerated the gas), although a small (37.6 vs. 40.5) but statistically significant retention of carbon dioxide was found (p = .003). When one subject received 30% FC-23 during an NMR imaging study, a pronounced anesthetic effect with intolerable hyperacusis was demonstrated. Human studies of FC-23 have been discontinued in our laboratory.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Early ... human experience indicated that high vapor concn (eg, 20%) may cause confusion, pulmonary irritation, tremors & rarely coma, but that these effects were generally transient & without late sequelae. ... Cause of death /from abuse of fluorocarbons/ is in considerable doubt. Freezing of airway soft tissues can probably be eliminated as a cause of death except in cases where the product was sprayed directly into the mouth from its container or from a balloon containing some liquid. Laryngeal spasm or edema, oxygen displacement, or sensitization of myocardium to endogenous catecholamines with subsequent ventricular fibrillation appear to be reasonable possibilities. /Fluorocarbon refrigerants & propellants/

CHF3

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

Confusion. Drowsiness.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

Refrigerants, 39%; foam blowing agents, 14%; solvents, 14%; fluoropolymers, 14%; sterilant gas, 2%; aerosol propellants, 2%; food freezant, 1%; other, 8%; exports, 3% (1985) /fluorocarbons/

Grade: 98% min purity.

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Methane, trifluoro-: ACTIVE

Gas chromatographic method for determining fluorocarbons in air is described. Concn in air are determined directly. /Fluorocarbons/|A gas chromatographic procedure for determining atmospheric levels of fluorocarbons is described. Column is temp programmed to separate halogenated components while maintaining short retention times for each component. Freon 113 incl. /Fluorocarbons/|Gas chromatographic method for measuring halocarbons in ambient air samples is presented. /Halocarbons/

Gas chromatography with electron capture analysis of the blood headspace can be used to determine the concentration of halogenated solvents in biological samples. /Halogenated Hydrocarbons-Halogenated Solvents/|Fluorocarbon determination in blood: gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Recovery of fluorocarbons added to blood ranged from 85 to 95%. Major sources of error are loss of pure fluorocarbon in preparation of the standards and changes in chromatographic response. /Fluorocarbons/