Tetramethylammonium hydroxide

91.15

91.099716

3558708

200-882-9

5GKP7317Q2

1835

DTXSID3029108

The free base is known only in solution or as a solid pentahydrate, forming colorless, deliquescent needles|Liquid

29239000

23.06000

0.14560

APHA: ≤10 Solution

0.866 g/mL at 25 °C

°C

110 °C

80 °F

n20/D 1.384

soluble in water.

2-8°C

17.5 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

Subcutaneous-Mouse LDL0: 19 mg/kg

Vapor is toxic; burning emits toxic nitrogen oxides and ammonia fumes

Strong ammonia-like

Henry's Law constant = 4.35X10-16 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Decomposes to trimethylamine and methanol upon distillation|Readily absorbs CO2 from the air|When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and NH3.|Concn: 25 wt% in water. VP: 17.5 mm Hg at 20 °C; Index of refraction: 1/3806 at 20 °C/D; density: 1.106 g/mL at 25 °C /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution/|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.06X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

It is soluble in water.

Bases, Strong

TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE acts like a base. Bases are chemically similar to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or sodium oxide (Na2O). They neutralize acids exothermically to form salts plus water. When soluble in water they give solutions having a pH greater than 7.0. Mixing these materials with water can generate troublesome amounts of heat as the base is dissolved or diluted. Bases react with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. Bases may initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides). They may generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, various metals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. Materials of this group often serve as catalysts.

Corrosive

II

3

UN 3286 3/PG 2

1

24/25-34-20/21/22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-10-21/22-25-21-11-67-36-52-48/24-27/28-23-35-36/38

45-36/37/39-26-16-36/37-28

PA0875000

C,T,F,T+,Xn

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; store it separately from acids.

Corrosive to skin and cornea

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.

P260-P264-P273-P280-P301 + P310-P302 + P350

H226-H300 + H310-H314-H331-H370-H372-H411

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate/

Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. (ERG, 2016)|Corrosives, Flammable - 3rd degree

|Danger|H300 (55.06%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 563 companies from 37 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate/|Hand protection: Handle with gloves.|Personal protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.

Not flammable or combustible. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flodding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Applyy water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.|Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special protective equipment for firefighters; Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate/

Personal precautions: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|Personal protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material is anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.|Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate/|Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, solid; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, solution/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, solid; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, solution/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, solid; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, solution/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Tetramethylammonium hydroxide; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, solid; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, solution/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

most toxic

LD50 Sprague-Dawley rats dermal 85.9 mg/kg /2.38% solution/|LD50 Sprague-Dawley rats dermal 28.7 mg/kg /25% solution/

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide's production and use as an etchant in circuit board production(1) and as a buffering agent, titrant, chemical reagent, and in digestion of biological samples(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetramethylammonium hydroxide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tetramethylammonium hydroxide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.6X10-16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Tetramethylammonium hydroxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). A 96% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(4) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetramethylammonium hydroxide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.6X10-16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -2.47(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 96% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetramethylammonium hydroxide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tetramethylammonium hydroxide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase tetramethylammonium hydroxide may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Tetramethylammonium hydroxide does not contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tetramethylammonium hydroxide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Tetramethylammonium hydroxide is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Tetramethylammonium hydroxide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for tetramethylammonium hydroxide(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -2.47(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of tetramethylammonium hydroxide can be estimated to be 8(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tetramethylammonium hydroxide is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for tetramethylammonium hydroxide is estimated as 4.36X10-16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tetramethylammonium hydroxide is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Tetramethylammonium hydroxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of tetramethylammonium hydroxide is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 6,413 workers (1,446 of these were female) were potentially exposed to tetramethylammonium hydroxide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tetramethylammonium hydroxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tetramethylammonium hydroxide is produced or used. General population exposure should be low or non-existent since tetramethylammonium hydroxide is not present in consumer end-use products(SRC).

Agents that mimic neural transmission by stimulation of the nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Drugs that indirectly augment ganglionic transmission by increasing the release or slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine or by non-nicotinic effects on postganglionic neurons are not included here nor are the nonspecific cholinergic agonists. (See all compounds classified as Ganglionic Stimulants.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/|Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), used in microelectronic industries and research and development, has both corrosive properties and systemic toxicity. Two fatal TMAH occupational exposure cases have been published. Studies comparing initial TMAH decontamination with Diphoterine versus tap water were performed: an in vitro pH titration study and an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) in vitro cytotoxicity cell viability assay. For pH normalization, 17 times more tap water than Diphoterine was required. In the cytotoxicity test, two-thirds of the cells remained viable after Diphoterine washing, compared with only one-third after tap water washing (p < .001). Diphoterine washing is a promising TMAH decontamination method.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation and edema of the larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema.|/CASE REPORTS/ Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is widely used as a developer or etchant in semiconductor and photoelectric industries. In addition to alkalinity-related chemical burn, dermal exposure to TMAH may also result in respiratory failure and/or sudden death. The latter toxic effect has been of great concern in Taiwan after the occurrence of three fatalities in recent years. To better understand the toxicity following dermal exposure to TMAH, we analyzed all cases with TMAH exposure reported to the Taiwan Poison Control Center (PCC-Taiwan). In total, there were 13 cases of such exposure, including three patients who died after being exposed to 25% TMAH. A worker also developed severe effects manifesting muscle weakness, dyspnea, hyperglycemia, and chemical burn (28% of total body surface area) shortly after an accidental exposure to 2.38% TMAH. He received endotracheal intubation with assisted ventilation for 2 days and survived. Skin corrosive injury related to the alkalinity of TMAH and the ganglionic toxicity of tetramethylammonium ion might contribute to the clinical manifestations that occurred after dermal TMAH exposure. Thorough skin decontamination followed by prompt respiratory support should be the mainstay in the management of dermal TMAH exposure. Preventive strategies are warranted as well to decrease future occupational TMAH exposures.|/CASE REPORTS/ The purpose of this study was to examine the cause of an accidental death from acute poisoning resulting from exposure to a cleaner containing tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and to consider measures to prevent future cases. ... The victim was a 39-year-old male researcher with 7 years of work experience employed by a surfactant production company. The accident occurred when he was conducting a field test of a newly developed cleaner, containing 8.75% TMAH solution. The researcher spilled the cleaner on his work clothes in the area of both the hands/arms and legs. He was unconscious when discovered. An autopsy found no damage or injury that could have resulted in death other than burns to 12% of his body, and the cause of death was found to be acute poisoning by TMAH. TMAH is widely used in the electronics industry as a developer or cleaner. It is a dangerous material, causing neurotoxicity leading to respiratory failure by ganglion block that occurs through skin absorption, and no antidote has been developed yet. For this reason, it is best to completely prevent exposure by wearing proper personal protective equipment. Despite this fatal toxicity of TMAH, it is not classified in Korea as a "chemical requiring legal control". For this reason, it is urgent to raise awareness of the toxic properties of TMAH to prevent additional cases of TMAH poisoning.|/CASE REPORTS/ A 22 year old male engineer was accidentally drenched with concentrated tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution (TMAH) (25%, pH13.5) while conducting routine examination of the pipe system in a plant manufacturing thin film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT0LCDs). He was wearing a clean room suit with plastic goggles, but not a mask. As TMAH sprayed over his head, he closed the valve and took a shower at the nearby emergency shower facility immediately for decontamination. When he was found by a co-worker about 15 minutes later, he suffered from general weakness and moderate salivation but was still conscious enough to describe the accident. the paramedical team arrived about 30 minutes after the accident and found the patient losing his consciousness with a Glasgow coma scale of 6 (E1V2M3). His pulse was weak and noted as 8-10 times per minute, and miosis was also noted. he lost vital signs about half an hour later on the way to the hospital. He was diagnosed as dead on arrival at the hospital, as neither pulse nor breath was found; no electroactivity was shown by the electrocardiogram, and miosis without reaction to light was noted. Multiple glossy and erythematous erosive wounds were noted over his perineum, all four limbs, and face except for the nares and mouth. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation with 2 mg epinephrine bolus injection and 500 mL normal saline challenge intravenously, his heart beats and blood pressure were restored, but he still needed invasive mechanical ventilation. Laboratory tests on the day of the accident revealed leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, and metabolic acidosis, but levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and electrolytes were all within normal limits. The results of chest X-ray examinations on admission and during follow-up excluded the diagnoses of inflammation airway and aspiration pneumonia. According to his family, he did not have any systemic diseases before this accident. Because he had second-degree chemical burns on 24% of the total body surface area (TBSA) and third-degree burns on 5% of the TBSA, he was admitted to the burn center for further management. He never regained consciousness and suffered from hypothermia, seizure, and electrolyte imbalance. He passed away eight days later.

tetraamethylammonium acetate

Available in 10% solution.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Methanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, hydroxide (1:1): ACTIVE|A strong base available in 10% solution|Commercial product sold as a 25% solution in water or methanol

Fire Hazards -> Corrosives, Flammable - 3rd degree