Dalapon

142.97

142.97

1750149

200-923-0

VO6PY8ZMRW

1509

56352

1760

DTXSID2021575

Liquid|Colorless liquid [Note: A white to tan powder below 46 degrees F. The sodium salt, a white powder, is often used].

29159000

37.30000

1.26480

Liquid

1.4014 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

20 °C

190 °C

>110°C

1.4544

H2O: 50.2 g/100 mL

0-6°C

5.07 mmHg at 160°F

4.9

Oral-Rat LD50: 970 mg/kg

Combustion produces toxic chloride gas

Acrid odor.

(Aq): 1.32 (0.099 N, 23 °C)

Henry's Law constant= 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C /Estimated/

pKa average = 1.74 at 0.001 to 0.1 molarity of the acid and 1.84 at 0.05 ionic strength

Salty taste /Sodium salt/|Crystals; decomp at 174-176 °C; aq soln hydrolyze above 70 °C; corrosive to iron|HYGROSCOPIC /SODIUM SALT/|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant= 5.5X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C /Estimated/

Soluble in water. Reacts slowly in water to form hydrochloric and pyruvic acids.

Acids, Carboxylic

These organic compounds donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water. Soluble carboxylic acids dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions. The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0. Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in it to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. 2,2-DICHLOROPROPIONIC ACID is incompatible with the following: Very corrosive to aluminum and copper alloys.

Noncombustible Liquid

Corrosive to iron|Formulations are ... corrosive to equipment.

III

8

3265

3

22-38-41-52/53-40-36/37/38-11

26-39-61-36-16-24-9

UF0690000

Xn,Xi,F

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stable in dry form.

P210-P403 + P235

H225-H315

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Dalapon-sodium can be incinerated in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. Recommendable methods: Incineration, alkaline hydrolysis. /Dalapon sodium/

Should not be used in combination with oils or contact herbicides, as activity will be diminished due to reduction in translocation.|Metals [Note: Very corrosive to aluminum & copper alloys. Reacts slowly in water to form hydrochloric & pyruvic acids].

California State Dept Food and Agriculture. Pesticide Use Report Annual 1984, pp.31-32.|Shore FL et al; Report Iss EPA/600/4-85/060 PB86-108484/GAR p 136 (1985). Hazardous waste detection of chlorinated herbicides.|Hill EF, Camardese MB; US Fish Wildl Serv Fish Wildl Tech Rep 2: 1-147 (1986). The report provides the most comprehensive data base available for avian subacute dietary toxicity tests and is primarily intended for use in ranking toxicities by a standard method that has a reasonable degree of environmental relevance.|Folmar LC; Tech Pap US Fish Wildl Serv 88: 1-16 (1977). Toxicity of dalapon, dichlobenil and endothall to aquatic organisms is discussed.|For more Special Reports (Complete) data for DALAPON (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Combustible. Irritating fumes of hydrochloric acid may form in fire. Volatilizes with steam. (USCG, 1999)|Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P332+P313, P362, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 203 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|Warning|H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Acute toxicity, dermal]|P261, P264, P271, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, and P337+P313

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear goggles and self-contained breathing apparatus.|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possbility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for DALAPON (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

NONFLAMMABLE

Extinguish with dry chemical, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide.|If material on fire or involved in fire: extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic/

Irritating fumes may form in fire. Volatilizes with steam.

Spills of pesticides at any stage of their storage or handling should be treated with great care. Liquid formulations may be reduced to solid phase by evaporation. Dry sweeping of solids is always hazardous: These should be removed by vacuum cleaning or by dissolving them in water or other solvent in the factory environment. In the field, they may be washed away with water into a suitable soak-hole. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with a impermeable flexible membrane liner./ /Pesticides/|Environmental considerations: air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.|Environmental consideration: land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.|For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for DALAPON (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Smoking, eating, drinking /and the use of toilet facilities/ before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide of moderate or higher toxicity is being handled or used. /Pesticides/|Handling and storage cautions: Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. Do not reuse spray equipment for any purpose unless thoroughly cleaned with a suitable cleaner. Do not reuse container; destroy when empty.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DALAPON (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Skin - moderate irritation ... Upon repeated prolonged contact. Eyes - moderate irritation ... . Inhalation - dusts may be irritating to upper respiratory tract.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1 ppm (6 mg/cu m).

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. If liquid: collect leaking liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. If solid: sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5,000 lb or 2,270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Dalapon has been detected in effluent concentrates collected from advanced waste treatment facilities in Lake Tahoe CA (in Nov 1974) and Washington DC (in Sept 1974)(1).

... In one soil, 2,660 ppm dalapon significantly increased production of ammonium-nitrogen; nitrification was almost totally inhibited in this soil.|... EXHIBITED HIGH DEGREE OF MOBILITY IN SEVERAL SOILS. ... PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SOIL PARTICLES & DALAPON ARE RELATIVELY UNIMPORTANT. ... CONCLUDED THAT HIGH INITIAL CONCN OF DALAPON IN SOIL & SHORT PERIOD OF ACTION REDUCE SIGNIFICANCE OF LEACHABILITY AS IMPORTANT FACTOR THAT MIGHT PRODUCE INCONSISTENT PERFORMANCE AS A HERBICIDE.

moderately toxic

Investigation of several derivatives ... has failed to reveal any with greater biological activity than sodium salt. ... Activity ... enhanced by changing pH or by adding any of several suitable surfactants. Latter alters physiologically important ionic & polar properties of dalapon solution.

LD50 Rat (male) oral 7126 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (female) oral 6936 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (male) oral 9330 mg/kg /Sodium 2,2-dichloropropionic acid/|LD50 Rat (female) oral 7570 mg/kg /Sodium 2,2-dichloropropionic acid/|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for DALAPON (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Dalapon was among the compounds found to cause <10% mortality in catfish @ rate of 1 or 10 ppm.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Toxic concentrations of certain pesticides to mollusk Cerastoderma lamarcki are tabulated. Maximum permissible concentration of Dalapon is 0.01 mg/L.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a comparative toxicology study on two fish species, Cyprinus carpio and Barbus sharpeyi, dalapon was nontoxic and no mortalites were detected up to 10,000 ppm.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Goldfish mortality at the end of 24 hr exposure to Dalapon was 0% at 100 ppm and 100% at 500 ppm and above.|For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DALAPON (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dalapon's production(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. The active ingredient dalapon is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products in the US and all uses have effectively been cancelled(2). Dalapon's former use in the US as an herbicide(3) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc range of 1-2(2), indicates that dalapon is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of dalapon is 1.74(3), which indicates that this compound will exist predominantly as an anion in moist soils. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur since anions do not volatilize(SRC). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of 0.19 mm Hg determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation is expected to occur for dalapon at varying rates depending upon the conditions of the soil. The resultant average persistence of dalapon at recommended rates of application has been reported to be two to four weeks in most agricultural soils during the growing season(5). Under greenhouse conditions (28 °C), dalapon applied at a rate of 6 lbs/A persisted only 4-8 days in muck soil, 8-16 days in loam and silty loam soils, 16-32 days in sandy loam soil, and 32-64 days in silt clay soil(3). The half-life of dalapon in soil from Italy was reported as 30 days(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1-2 in soil(2), indicate that dalapon is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa of dalapon is 1.74(3), which indicates that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in water. Volatilization from water surfaces will not occur since anions do not volatilize(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF of 3 measured in fish(3), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process under environmental conditions since it has been concluded that dalapon and its salts have chemical hydrolytic half-lives of several months at temperatures less than 25 °C(3). Photolysis in sunlit surface waters may be possible since dalapon absorbs light greater than 290 nm(3); however, the rate of this potential reaction is not known in water. Dalapon has been shown to biodegrade in soils and sewage sludge under aerobic conditions(3), which suggests that it may also biodegrade in aerobic aquatic systems. The half-life of dalapon in anaerobic river sediment was 42 days, with complete degradation occurring at approximately 70 days(5).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dalapon, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.19 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dalapon is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 29 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The UV absorption spectrum for dalapon shows absorbance in the range between 290 to 350 nm(4) which indicates that direct photolysis is possible, but the kinetics of this reaction are not known(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dalapon with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 29 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Based on a review of all available aqueous hydrolysis data, it has been concluded that dalapon and its salts have chemical hydrolytic half-lives of several months at temperatures less than 25 °C with hydrolysis leading to the formation of pyruvic acid(2). Dalapon sodium salt was hydrolyzed slowly at 25 °C in dilute and concentrated solution(2). At 50 °C hydrolysis was more rapid with approximately 25% hydrolysis in 8 days(2). The UV absorption spectrum for dalapon shows absorbance in the range between 290 to 350 nm(2) which indicates that direct photolysis is possible, but the kinetics of this reaction are not known(SRC).

The BCF measured for dalapon (sodium salt) during a 3-day exposure in an aquarium was 3 for fish and less than one for snails(1). BCF's of less than one have been measured for poultry, rodents, dogs, and cows(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these BCF data suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

2.51 L/kg|Using Hagerstown silty clay loam soil, dalapon had a measured Rf value of 0.96 by means of soil thin-layer chromatography which is indicative of very high soil mobility(1). Dalapon was found to be readily mobile in four types of soil when applied at 8 lb/acre(2). Very little adsorption was observed in 3 silty loam soils or a silty clay loam soil in soil column leaching tests, with increased mobility noted with the addition of sand and decreased mobility with the addition of manure(3). Virtually complete leaching was observed through an 8.5 inch soil column of Kawkawlin sandy loam(4). Moderate to rapid leaching has been reported for most Hawaiian soils developed from volcanic materials(5). Dalapon has been reported to leach readily in soil(6). The soil Koc of dalapon was reported as 1-2(7). According to a classification scheme(8), these data suggest that dalapon is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The pKa of dalapon is 1.74(1). This indicates that dalapon exists almost exclusively as an anion in moist soils and water, and anions do not volatilize. Dalapon is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of 0.19 mm Hg, determined from a fragment constant method(2).|... REPORTED HIGH DALAPON LOSSES @ HIGH TEMP WHEN ... APPLIED TO SOIL AS ACID. ... RAPID ENOUGH LOSS BY VOLATILIZATION TO ELIMINATE ... RESIDUES. ... DALAPON ACID VOLATILIZED RAPIDLY FROM AN ALUMINUM SURFACE @ ROOM TEMP, WHEREAS NEGLIGIBLE AMT OF SODIUM SALT FORM DISAPPEARED IN 64 HOURS UNDER SAME CONDITION. LOSS OF NA SALT OF DALAPON UNDER NORMAL FIELD USE CONDITIONS APPEARS UNLIKELY.

... NEGLIGIBLE CONCN OF DALAPON ... WOULD REMAIN IN WATER AFTER WATER TRAVELED DISTANCE OF 32.2-40.2 KM ... .|DRINKING WATER: Dalapon has been detected in drinking water concentrates collected from Cincinnati OH (in Oct 1978 and Jan 1980) and Seattle WA (in Nov 1976)(1). Dalapon was detected in 1 out of 237 wells sampled during 1969-78 in Ontario, Canada at a concentration range of 0.1-1 ppb(2).

Dalapon was not detected in any of 18 composite vegetable samples collected in Ontario, Canada during 1980-85(1).

... FED TO ANIMALS ... DALAPON RESIDUES REPORTED IN MILK WERE MUCH LESS THAN 1% OF AMT INGESTED IN FEED ... .|WHEN DAIRY COWS WERE FED DALAPON, LESS THAN 1% OF INGESTED DOSE APPEARED AS RESIDUES IN MILK, MAINLY AS UNCHANGED DALAPON BUT WITH TRACES OF DALAPON GLYCERIDES.|... /IT WAS/ FOUND ... IN MILK FROM COW WHOSE FEED CONTAINED (36)CHLORINE LABELED DALAPON.

The active ingredient dalapon is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products and all uses have effectively been cancelled(1). Therefore, occupational exposure and general population exposure should be low or non-existent since dalapon is no longer produced or used in the US.

In varying degrees, organochlorines are absorbed from the gut and also by the lung and across the skin. /Soild Organochlorines/|...Fed to animals... quickly excreted (nonmetabolized) in herbicidal concentrations in urine. ...Dalapon residues reported in milk were much <1% of amount ingested in feed... .|... /It was/ found... in milk from cow whose feed contained (36)chlorine labeled Dalapon.|When dairy cows were fed dalapon, <1% of ingested dose appeared as residues in milk, mainly as unchanged dalapon but with traces of dalapon glycerides.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for DALAPON (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pure (36)chlorine dalapon in aq stock solution was metabolized over a period of several mo in refrigerator by ... possibly Alternaria sp, which produced 5 new (36)chlorine labeled substances. Two of the substances were tentatively identified as inorganic (36)chlorine & (36)chlorine monochloropropionate.|Early labeled metabolic degradation products of 2-(14)carbon dalapon in presence of pure cultures of arthrobacter sp grown under aerobic conditions were pyruvate & alanine.|... Enzyme from Arthrobacter sp that removed organic bound chlorine from dalapon. ... Product resulting from enzymic dehalogenation ... was pyruvate. ... immediate precursor of pyruvate in this system is probably 2-chloro-2-hydroxypropionate.|Comparison of 1-(14)carbon dalapon and 2-(14)carbon dalapon metabolism /in mixed bacterial populations/ ... showed rapid evolution of (14)CO2 from carboxyl-labeled dalapon, whereas labeled carbon from 2 position ... was found primarily in lipid, nucleic acid, protein ... fractions of organisms. Study of soluble labeled products extracted from microorganisms incubated with (14)carbon dalapon showed activity in ... Alanine and glutamic acid.|...Dalapon is degraded in the environment or metabolized by organisms through dechlorination, dehydrochlorination, and oxidation to chloride ion, pyruvic acid (pyruvate), alanine, carbon dioxide, and other minor or intermediate transitory compounds.

Two types of action: acute toxicity ... and slower growth inhibition. Acute toxicity ... due to its action as acid and protein precipitant which causes drastic permeability changes in plasma membranes and nonselective, localized destruction of cellular constituents. ... Toxic effects of dalapon at high rates are typical of those of strong acids, disrupting lipoidal membranes.|... the strongest inhibitors of NADH oxidase of the SMP are chloro-derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons (DDT and its analogs DDD and DDE). Derivatives of propionic and acetic acids (propinate, dalapon, MCAA, DCAA, and TCAA) did not exhibit any appreciable inhibiting effect under the experimental conditions.

VAPOR: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. LIQUID: Will burn skin and eyes. Harmful if swallowed. (USCG, 1999)|Corrosives

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and wash the skin with water. If symptoms occur after washing, get medical attention immediately. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Oils should not be used as either cathartics or dermal cleansing agents, as they increase absorption. Gastric lavage and use of activated charcoal and sodium sulfate are indicated for ingestion. If dermal exposure occurred, contaminated clothes should be removed, and the skin should be thoroughly cleansed with soap and water. Management of seizures in both children and adults is with Valium or phenobarbital. Respiratory depression and even respiratory arrest, especially with concomitant use of Valium and phenobarbital in children, may occur. These drugs preferably should be used only in critical care areas where emergency endotracheal intubation can be performed. /It is recommended/ that epinephrine not be utilized in patients with organochlorine poisoning, as the organochlorines induce myocardial irritability and ventricular arrhythmias may occur. However, dopamine may be necessary in the event of hypotension unresponsive to fluid administration, and epinephrine may be necessary in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest. /Organochlorine insecticides/|Persons exceptionally exposed to organochlorine pesticides by any route should be observed for sensory disturbances, incoordination, speech slurring, mental aberrations, and involuntary motor activity that would warn of imminent convulsions. If convulsions occur, place the victim in the left lateral decubitus position with the head down. Move away furniture or other solid objects that may be a source of injury. If jaw movements are violent, place padded tongue blades between the teeth to protect the tongue. Whenever possible, remove dentures and other removable dental work. Aspirate oral and pharyngeal secretions, and, when possible, insert an oropharyngeal airway to maintain an open passage unobstructed by the tongue. Minimize noise and any manipulation of the patient that may trigger seizure activity. Administer oxygen by mask. Maintain pulmonary gas exchange by mechanically assisted ventilation whenever respiration is depressed. /Solid organochlorine insecticides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ...Repeated, prolonged /skin/ contact /may cause/ a mild burn. Eyes ... transient corneal injury.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptoms of poisoning are likely to be general in nature and may include a feeling of lassitude, vomiting, diarrhea, slowing of pulse, loss of appetite.

dalapon

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; skin burns; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, slowing of pulse; central nervous system depression

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system

Non-food use, 92.9% (89.9% use on rights of way); main food crop treated was sugarbeet (6.7% of total) (1984) /California use, calculated from table/

The acid itself is not used directly. Commercial products usually contain 85% sodium salt or mixed sodium and magnesium salts of dalapon.|Dowpon C contains 46.7% dalapon sodium salt plus 7.8% dalapon magnesium salt plus 30.6% TCA (sodium salt) (discontinued by Dow). Chloropon is a mixture with 2,4-d. Revenge contains 46.7% dalapon sodium salt plus 7.8% dalapon magnesium salt plus 30.6% TCA sodium salt.|Dowpon C Improved Grass Killer: 46.7% 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid, sodium salt; 7.8% 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid, magnesium salt; 30.6% Trichloroacetic acid, sodium salt; 14.9% inert ingredients.|Dowpon Grass Killer; 85% sodium 2,2-dichloropropionate.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for DALAPON (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Propanoic acid, 2,2-dichloro-: ACTIVE|Dalapon ... should be used within 24 hr after mixing with water ... .

The chromatographic properties of common pesticides, including dalapon, were measured using seven different chromatographic systems. The best combination of the chromatographic systems examined for the identification of an unknown compound is GLC on OV-17, HPLC on ODS Hypersil with methylcyanide hydrated as eluent, and thin layer chromatography using an isooctane acetyl alcohol solvent system.|EPA Method 515. Capillary Column GC with ECD for the determination of chlorinated herbicides in drinking water. For dalapon the estimated detection limit is 0.001 ug/l, and the method detection limit is not given. Using the packed column, mean recovery is 66% with a standard deviation of 8% with a spike level of 23.4 ug/l in reagent water. Using a capillary column, mean recovery is 91% with a standard deviation of 9% at a spike level of 4.05 ug/l.|EPA Method 8150. GC for the analysis of chlorinated herbicides including dalapon in solid waste. For the analysis of unfamiliar samples, compound identification should be supported by at least one additional qualitative technique. Detection is achieved with an electron capture, microcolorimetric, or electrolytic conductivity detector. For dalapon, the method has a detection limit of 5.8 ug/l. Using reagent water and a spike concentration of 23.4 ug/l, a mean recovery of 66% and a standard deviation of 8% were obtained. Interferences include organic acids and phenols.|EPA Method 615. Determination of dalapon using GC with an ECD in industrial and municipal wastewater. The method detection limit is 5.8 ug/l as defined by EPA.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for DALAPON (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agrochemicals -> Herbicides|Health Hazards -> Corrosives|HERBICIDES