Triphenyltin hydroxide

367.03

367.03

200-990-6

1283

113243

2786|2588

DTXSID1021409

Crystalline solid|White solid

29319090

20.23000

1.64580

Off-white Powder

1.54 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

119 °C

400°C

H2O: <0.1 g/100 mL at 21 ºC;Slightly soluble in alcohol, toluene

APPROX 4°C

3.53X10-7 mm Hg at 25 deg C

Oral-rat LD50: 46 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 209 mg/kg

Thermal decomposition of toxic tin-containing gas

/To prevent explosion/ in case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

ODORLESS

pKa = 5.20

Thermally decomp to phenyltin, phenyltin oxide and water.|Dehydration to oxide occurs on heating above 45 °C.|Triorganotin hydroxides behave not as alcohols, but more like inorganic bases, although strong bases remove the proton in certain triorganotin hydroxides since tin is amphoteric. /Triorganotin hydroxides/

Insoluble in water.

Salts, Basic

TRIPHENYLTIN HYDROXIDE is sensitive to temperatures above 113°F and prolonged exposure to light. Incompatible with strongly acidic compounds. Also incompatible with oils used in oil spray formulations (NTP, 1992).

Noncorrosive

III

6.1

UN 3146 6.1/PG 2

3

24/25-26-37/38-40-41-48/23-50/53-63-36/37/38

26-28-36/37/39-45-60-61

WH8575000

T+,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Compatible with wettable powder formulations of fungicides and insecticides.

P201-P260-P273-P280-P304 + P340 + P310

H301 + H311-H315-H318-H330-H335-H351-H361d-H371-H372-H410

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Surfactants, spreaders, or stickers should not be added because phytotoxicity may result. Do not use with oil sprays.|/Incompatible with/ strongly acidic compounds. Incompatible with oils and liquid formulations.

Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable.

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P361, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H301+H311 (18.54%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P361, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 205 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this material from exposure to light, and store it in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|Ventilation, local exhaust, or breathing protection. Protective gloves. Protective clothing. Safety spectacles, face shield, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Combustible. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. NO open flames.

/To prevent explosion/ in case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

/Use/ powder, water spray, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

The compounds should not be allowed to enter drains or watercourses. /Triphenyltin compounds/|Do not wash away into sewer. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.

Do NOT take working clothes home.|Do not transport with food & feedstuffs.

May be absorbed /through skin, causing/ redness, pain. /Causes/ redness, pain, blurred vision /in eyes/. /from table/

Personal protection: face shield, chemical protection suit and particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly on spraying or when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. The substance is irritating to the skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

The substance may have effects on the immune system. This may result in impaired functions. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

NO open flames.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

SEDIMENT: The concentrations of triphenyltin in harbor sediment in Lake Lucerne, Switzerland were high, up to 380 ug/g(1). High concentrations were restricted to the upper 4 cm and decreased significantly below. The dating of cores suggest that triphenyltin may persist for more than a decade in sediment. Small amounts of the mono- and di-phenyltin were also found in the upper layers of sediment(1).

most toxic

IDENTIFICATION: Triphenyltin compounds are triphenyl derivatives of tetravalent tin. They are colorless solids with low vapor pressures. They are lipophilic and have low solubility in water. Triphenyl tin compounds have been used extensively as algicides and molluscicides in antifouling products since the 1960's. Use of organotins in antifouling paints have been restricted in many countries because of their catastrophic effects on the oyster industry and more general effects on the aquatic ecosystem. HUMAN EXPOSURE: There are no data concerning occupational exposure to triphenyltin compounds. A few poisoning case reports describe neurotoxic effects, which appeared to persist. Exposure of the general public to triphenyltin compounds occurs mostly from ingestion of contaminated seafood, which in some cases had high triphenyltin compound concentrations. ANIMAL STUDIES: Triphenyltin compounds given orally to rats are not readily absorbed and are excreted primarily by the feces and partily in the urine. They are metabolized to diphenyltin, monomethyltin and non-extractable bound residues. Absorbed triphenyltin compounds accumulate in kidney and liver to the greatest extent, with smaller amounts in other organs. Triphenyltins applied dermally can penetrate through the skin in a time and dose dependent manner. Triphenyltin compounds exert a variety of health effects in various animal species, including the effects on the immune system, reproductive/developmental effects at levels near maternally toxic (most lowest observed adverse effect levels are in several mg/kg range or lower), hyperplasia/adenomas in endocrine organs, apoptosis in thymus cells, calcium release in sarcoplasmic reticulum cells and eye irritation. Triphenyltin compounds are moderately acutely toxic to rats. They are not carcinogenic, but some data show that they are clastogenic. Triphenyltin compounds exert deleterious effects on aquatic organisms at very low concentrations. Triphenyltin is considered to be an endocrine disrupter, because of imposex, a phenomenon in which female gastropods develop male sex organs, is probably caused by hormonal disturbances. /Triphenyltin compounds/|IDENTIFICATION: Triphenyltin compounds are triphenyl derivatives of tetravalent tin. They are colorless solids with low vapor pressures. They are lipophilic and have low solubility in water. Triphenyltin compounds have been used extensively as algicides and molluscicides in antifouling paints since the 1960s. Use of triorganotins in antifouling paints has been restricted in many countries because of their catastrophic effecys on the oyster industry and more general effects on the aquatic ecosystem. HUMAN EXPOSURE: There are no data concerning the occupational exposure to triphenyltin compounds. A few poisoning case reports does describe neurotoxic effecys, which appeared to persist. Exposure of the general public to triphenyltin compounds occurs mostly from ingestion of contaminated seafood. Triphenyltin compounds given orally to rats are not readily absorbed and are excreted primarily in the feces and partly in the urine. They are metabolized to diphenyltin, and monophenyltin, and non-extractable bound residues. Absorbed triphenyltin compounds accumulate in the kidney and liver to the greatest extent, with smaller amounts in other organs. Triphenyltin compounds, applied dermally can penetrate through the skin in a time and dose dependent manner. Triphenyltin exerts a variety of health effects in various animal species, including effects on the immune system, reproductive/developmental effects at levels near those that are maternially toxic, ... hyperplasia/adenomas in endocrine organs, apoptosis in thymus cells, calcium release in sarcoplasmic reticulum cells, and eye irritation. Triphenyltin compounds are moderately acutely toxic to rats. They are not carcinogenic, but some data show that they are co-clastogenic. Triphenyltin compounds affect the immune system. A decrease in immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations (even at the lowest dose level, i.e. 0.3 mgtriphenyltin hydroxide/kg body weight per day in a 2 yr feeding study in rats), lymphopenia (at 0.3 mg triphenyltin hydroxide/kg body weight per day in another 2 yr feeding study in rats), spenic atrophy (at 5 mg triphenyltin hydroxide/kg body weight per day in a 28 day feeding study in mice) have been observed. Females are generally more susceptible than males. Triphenyltin compounds exert deleterous effects on aquatic organisms at low concentrations. Triphenyltin is considered an endocrine disruptor, because of imposex, a phenomenon in which female gastropods develop male sex organs. /Triphenyltin cmpd & Triphenyltin hydroxide/

LD50 RAT FEMALE ORAL 268 MG/KG|LD50 Rat male oral 171 mg/kg|LD50 Rat female oral 9268 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse female oral 209 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for TRIPHENYLTIN HYDROXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A bioassay of triphenyltin hydroxide for possible carcinogenicity was conducted using Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Triphenyltin hydroxide was admin in the feed, at either of two concn, to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. The high and low concn of triphenyltin hydroxide were, respectively, 75 and 37.5 ppm for rats and mice. After a 78 wk period of cmpd admin, there was an additional observation period of 26 wk for both species. Twenty animals of each sex and species were placed on test as controls. ... In both species, however, adequate numbers of animals survived sufficiently long to be at risk from late-developing tumors. ... Under the conditions of this bioassay, there was no evidence for the carcinogenicity of triphenyltin hydroxide to Fischer 344 rats or B6C3Fl mice. Levels of Evidence of Carcinogenicity: Male Rats: Negative; Female Rats: Negative; Male Mice: Negative; Female Mice: Negative.

Triphenyltin hydroxide's production and former use(1) as an agricultural fungicide(3) and insect antifeedant(4), and as a biocide in marine antifouling paints(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Triphenyltin hydroxide will either exist as or be rapidly converted to triphenyltin oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or hydrated cations(1). Oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or cations are not expected to leach through soil(SRC). In a laboratory soil leaching study, triphenyltins were strongly attached to soil(2). This also suggests that triphenyltins (such as triphenyltin acetate) may be expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The Freundlich parameters, log k and 1/n, for triphenyltin to sediment were 1.81 and 0.793, respectively(3). Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because the cation, oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates are not expected to volatilize(SRC). Triphenyltin hydroxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.53X10-7 mm Hg(7). Triphenyltin hydroxide may undergo biodegradation in the environment(SRC). For example, bacteria have been reported to cleave aryl-tin bonds in structurally similar triphenyltin acetate(4). Triphenyltin acetate degrades in normal, fertile, agricultural field at 11-16 °C in <6 wks under aerobic conditions and 6-18 weeks under anaerobic conditions(5).|AQUATIC FATE: If triphenyltin hydroxide is released to water, it probably either exists as, or will rapidly be converted to triphenyltin oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or hydrated cations(1). Triphenyltin cation may react with water and behave like a simple protic acid with the formation of triphenyltin hydroxide(2). In seawater, the chloride ion may compete effectively with hydroxide ions resulting in the presence of triphenyltin chloride(2). Triphenyltin compounds may react with sulfides present in sediment, leading to the formation of bis(triphenyltin) sulfide(1). Cations, such as triphenyltin cation, generally adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because the cation is not expected to volatilize(SRC). Triphenyltin cation may be susceptible to photolysis in water since triphenyltin hydroxide dissolved in pure water was approx 72% photodegraded by sunlight in 36 days apparently by a radical process; diphenyltin species were the only products observed(3). Un addition, structurally similar triphenyltin acetate is degraded to diphenyl-, monophenyl-, and inorganic tin species when irradiated at wavelengths >350 nm on a watch glass(1). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF of 800 for rainbow trout(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration of triphenyltin cation in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Triphenyltin hydroxide may undergo biodegradation in the environment(SRC). For example, bacteria have been reported to cleave aryl-tin bonds in structurally similar triphenyltin acetate(6). Triphenyltin acetate degrades in normal, fertile, agricultural field at 11-16 °C in <6 wks under aerobic conditions and 6-18 weeks under anaerobic conditions(7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), triphenyltin hydroxide, which has a vapor pressure of 3.5X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase triphenyltin hydroxide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase triphenyltin hydroxide may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). The residence time of triphenyltin hydroxide is estimated to be 27 hours over land and 19 hours over sea(4). Its typical traveling distance from source of release is 501 km(4). These estimates are based on the fraction of the mass in the particulate phase, 0.13, dry deposition rate, scavenging ratio, and estimated photodegradation rate(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of triphenyltin hydroxide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Triphenyltin compounds in environmental waters exist as, or will rapidly be converted to triphenyltin oxides, carbonates, or hydrated cations(2). Upon dissolution, triphenyltin cation may react with water and behave like a simple protic acid with the formation of triphenyltin hydroxide(3). In seawater, the chloride ion may compete effectively with hydroxide ions resulting in the presence of triphenyltin chloride in the mixture of triphenyltin species(3). Triphenyltin compounds may react with sulfides present in sediment, leading to the formation of bis(triphenyltin) sulfide(2). Triphenyltin hydroxide dissolved in pure water was approx 72% photodegraded by sunlight in 36 days apparently by a radical process and diphenyltin species were the only products observed(4). Triphenyltins undergo rapid stepwise photochemical dephenylation in UV light(2,5). In the dark, phenyltins in aqueous solution undergo similar stepwise degradation, but at a lower rate; the final product is inorganic tin(2,5).

In rainbow trout, a BCF of about 800 was observed after a 4-day exposure(1). The uptake and elimination rates of radiolabeled triphenyltin hydroxide in guppies were 41 l/kg-day and 0.014/day, giving a BCF (uptake: elimination ratio) of 2900 l/kg (wet weight) during 30 days of exposure(1). For rainbow trout larvae the uptake and elimination rates were 22 l/kg-day and 0.031/day, respectively giving a BCF of 650 ml/g after 4 days; the lower BCF in the trout than the guppies being a result of the higher elimination rate. Since equilibrium was not reached, the bioconcentration factor was underestimated. The log BCFs of triphenyltin in crucian carp obtained in a 7-day experiment were 1.70 (muscle), 1.70 (vertebra); 2.05 (liver); and 1.49 (kidney)(2). In studies in which the bioaccumulation and elimination of triphentyltin in Red Sea bream (Pagrus major) was by direct uptake from water, from diet, and from both simultaneously, about a quarter of the bioaccumulation was due to dietary uptake(3). The bioaccumulation factor was 0.257(3). The elimination rate was 0.020/day and was independent of the source of uptake, water or diet. Bioaccumulation was also independent of the form of triphenyltin in the diet(3). Minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) embryos/larvae and freshly hatched larvae were exposed to triphenyltin chloride in Lake Lucerne, Switzerland water at 16 °C(4). The BCF for embryo larvae was 530 at the end of a 192 hr uptake period. Newly hatched larvae had BCFs of 457 and 930 after 96 and 144 hours. At this time the BCF had not reached a plateau so the actual BCF was higher(4). While uptake of triphenyltin from water was rapid, elimination was absent during a 96-hr depuration period. The concn of the metabolites monophenyltin and diphenyltin were very low(4). According to a classification scheme(5), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

The Koc for triphenyltin hydroxide is 2,000(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 3.53(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that triphenyltin hydroxide is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). If triphenyltin hydroxide is released to soil, it either exists as, or is rapidly converted to oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or hydrated cations(4). Oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or cations are not expected to leach through soil into groundwater(SRC). In a laboratory soil leaching study, triphenyltins were strongly attached to soil(5). This also suggests that triphenyltins (such as triphenyltin hydroxide) may be expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The Freundlich parameters, log k and 1/n, for triphenyltin to sediment were 1.81 and 0.793, respectively(6).

Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because the cation is not expected to volatilize(SRC). No volatilization loss of triphenyltin was observed over a period of 6 days from a 1 ppm distilled water solution of triphenyltin hydroxide at pH 8.2 (unbuffered) and 32 °C with a solution surface area of 54 sq cm(2). Triphenyltin compounds in environmental waters exist as or will rapidly be converted to triphenyltin oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or hydrated cations(1). Triphenyltin hydroxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3).

Inhalation, skin contact, swallowing.|Occupational exposure to triphenyltin hydroxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where triphenyltin hydroxide is produced or used. (SRC)

Several studies have shown that TPTH orally admin to rats is eliminated mainly via the feces, with smaller amounts in the urine. Metabolites found in feces included di- & monophenyltin as well as a significant portion of non-extractable bound residues (the sulfate conjugates of hydroquinone, catechol, & phenol). In feces, the major substance present was unchanged parent compound.|TPTA was rapidly & completely hydrolyzed to TPTH at pH 3-8 & 23-24 °C.|Seven days after oral admin to rats, TPTH residues (approx 3% of the admin dose) were distributed mainly in the kidneys, followed by liver, brain, & heart.

(14)C-Triphenyltin hydroxide was admin as single oral doses to a cow, sheep & rats. The major route of excretion was by way of the feces. The major (14)C-metabolites in urine were identified as hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol & phenol & were probably present primarily as sulfate conjugates. With mass spectroscopy, the tin metabolites containing (14)C in feces were identified as ((C6H5)3Sn)2, ((C6H5)3Sn)2O, ((C6H5)3Sn)2S & a series of (14)C-triphenyltin hydroxide esters of fatty acids where R= C1 to C30: (C6H5)3SnO-CR=O.

To evaluate the functional significance of triphenyltin hydroxide-induced lymphopenia and lymphocyte depletion in thymus-dependent areas of spleen and lymph nodes, various immune function studies were carried out after 3 or 4 wk of triphenyltin hydroxide exposure. Weaned male rats were fed a diet containing 25 mg triphenyltin hydroxide/kg, a concentration that did not influence food intake and weight gain. As parameters of the cell-mediated immunity in two experiments, the delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to ovalbumin and tuberculin were significantly suppressed. No effect was observed on allograft rejection, splenic clearance of Listeria monocytogenes at days 5 and 6 after infection and responsiveness of thymocytes to different T-cell mitogens. The response of splenic lymphocytes to the T-cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin was significantly suppressed ... Regarding the humoral immunity, no effect was observed on serum IgM and IgG levels, on the thymus-independent IgM response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, and on the primary and secondary IgM and IgG response to the thymus-dependent antigen tetanus toxoid. No effect was found on phagocytic and killing capacity of macrophages as demonstrated by unaltered splenic clearance of Listeria monocytogenes at days 1 and 2 after infection. Slightly enhanced mortality of triphenyltin hydroxide-treated animals was observed in a Listeria monocytogenes mortality assay. Triphenyltin hydroxide did not increase the susceptibility of rats to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. In the rat, triphenyltin hydroxide exposure suppressed the cell-mediated immunity without compromising the humoral immunity and the mononuclear phagocyte system.|The effects of ten organotins on rat platelet aggregation mechanisms were examined. Bis(tri-n- butyltin)oxide was the most potent inhibitor of both adenosine diphosphate and collagen induced aggregation, and it was the only organotin that directly induced aggregation. It also increased the latent period for induction of aggregation by collagen. Triphenyltin hydroxide was a weak inhibitor of both adenosine diphosphate and collagen induced aggregation. However, in contrast to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, it decreased the latent period for collagen-induced aggregation. A similar effect also was observed with diphenyltin dichloride, phenyltin trichloride, and cyhexatin. Tri-n-butyltin chloride and tetra-n- tributyltin demonstrated specificity in their action since aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate but not collagen was inhibited. Tri-n-propyltin chloride, trimethyltin chloride, and fenbutatin oxide were without dicernible effect on rat platelet aggregation.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include skin and mucous membrane irritation, glycosuria, hyperglycemia, dizziness, blurred vision, transient loss of consciousness and convulsions. Common symptoms are severe headaches, nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound causes skin irritation on contact. When heated to decomposition (above 113° F) it emits acrid smoke and fumes. (NTP, 1992)|Teratogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Exposure by inhalation: Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention. Exposure to skin: Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse & then wash skin with water & soap. Refer for medical attention. Exposure to eyes: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. Exposure by ingestion: Give plenty of water to drink. Refer for medical attention. /from table/

Hypersensitivity reaction to a series of 36 triphenyltin-containing pesticide formulations was surveyed among 652 subjects in Italy. Among them, 180 were agricultural & 43 were ex-agricultural workers. Of the 652 subjects, 274 had contact dermatitis, mostly on the hands, & the other 378 were hospitalized for non-allergic skin disorders. Patch tests were performed on the upper back, & irritant & allergic reactions were evaluated. Irritant & allergic reactions were seen in 45 of 350 subjects & in 1 out of 350 subjects, respectively, with a patch of 1% TPTH. At 0.5% TPTH, irritant reactions were seen in 5 of 109 subjects, whereas no allergic reactions were seen in any of the 109 subjects. The report showed that TPTH is a moderately strong irritant.

DuTer

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Dizziness. Drowsiness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Total usage in the US is approximately 570,000 pounds of active ingredient per year.

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 083601; Trade Names: DU-TER, ENT-28009, Dowco 186, Duter, Fenolovo, Super tin 4L, K 19, NCI-C00260, Suzu H, Tenhide, Tubotin, Vancide KS.|Dispersion, flowable suspension, wettable powder.|Tech grade is >95% pure|These incl: `Du-Ter', wp (190 g ai/kg); `Du-Ter Extra', wp (475 g/kg).|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for TRIPHENYLTIN HYDROXIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing|Stannane, hydroxytriphenyl-: ACTIVE|Triphenyltin hydroxide is a restricted use pesticide.

FIVE LABORATORIES COLLABORATIVELY STUDIED 2 PROCEDURES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF TRIPHENYLTIN COMPOUNDS IN TECHNICAL MATERIAL & IN PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS. BOTH PROCEDURES INCLUDED AN EXTRACTION STEP & A POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION, BUT DIFFERED IN HOW THE BY PRODUCTS WERE REMOVED. THE 1ST WAS BASED ON CLEANUP WITH SODIUM TARTRATE & IN THE 2ND, ALKALINE ALUMINA WAS USED FOR PURIFICATION. THE REPRODUCIBILITY & THE REPEATABILITY WERE BETTER WITH THE ALUMINA METHOD THAN WITH THE TARTRATE METHOD. THE AVERAGE SYSTEMATIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE 2 METHODS WAS -2.3%. THE METHOD BASED ON ALKALINE ALUMINA CLEANUP WAS ADOPTED AS AN INTERIM CIPAC METHOD.|DETERMINATION OF TRIPHENYLTIN COMPOUNDS & TRICYCLOHEXYLTIN HYDROXIDE BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THEIR DERIVATIVES. A GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD IS REPORTED FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRIPHENYLTIN DERIVATIVES & TRICYCLOHEXYLTIN HYDROXIDE AFTER THEIR CONVERSION (BY WAY OF GRIGNARD REACTION CATALYZED BY COPPER CHLORIDE) TO TETRAPHENYLTIN & TRICYCLOHEXYLPHENYLTIN. THE RECOVERY OF TETRAPHENYLTIN & TRICYCLOHEXYLPHENYLTIN WAS SATISFACTORY IN THE RANGE OF 50 TO 3000 UG. DIFFERENT COLUMNS WERE TESTED USING FLAME-IONIZATION DETECTION. FOR BOTH DERIVATIVES, THE RESPONSE WAS LINEAR FROM 0.05 TO 3.00 UG. RESULTS OF THERMAL ANALYSIS, IR SPECTROSCOPY, & MASS SPECTROMETRY ARE REPORTED.

Agrochemicals -> Fungicides, Herbicides|Health Hazards -> Teratogens|FUNGICIDES