Dimethyl methylphosphonate

124.08

124.08

878263

212-052-3

20Z996230U

62240

1993

DTXSID0020494

Colorless liquid

35.5

-0.61

Clear colorless Liquid

1.150 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

<50°

181 °C @ Press: 754 Torr

156 °F

1.413

H2O: >=10 g/100 mL at 21 ºC

Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder. Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition sources and untrained individuals. Secure and label area. Protect containers/cylinders from physical damage.

<0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

LD50 in rats, mice (mg/kg): 10190, >6810 orally (Rowland)

Henry's Law constant = 1.25X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 2.37 in water at 20 °C

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.71X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Highly flammable. Water soluble. Hydrolyzes slowly upon contact with water.

Sulfonates, Phosphonates, and Thiophosphonates, Organic

Highly Flammable

DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases. It reacts with organic halides at 302-392° F. When heated to temperatures greater than 302° F, it will act as an alkylating agent with basic nitrogen compounds and phenols. It reacts with enol lactones. This compound has plasticizing properties and may soften or deteriorate some plastics and elastomers (particularly vinyl-based resins, neoprene and natural rubbers) upon contact. (NTP, 1992)

2810

2

46-36-62

53-26-45

SZ9120000

T,Xi

Irritant/Toxic

Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases. May soften some rubbers or plastics. Hydrolyzes slowly in contact with water.

P201-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313

H319-H340-H361f

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, National Research Council; Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals p.319 (2000) Available at http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9841.html as of October 7, 2008|DHHS/NTP; Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) Technical Report Series No. 323 (1987) NIH Publication No. 88-2579

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H226 (15.38%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P281, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 234 companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]|P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under ambient temperatures, and protect it from moisture. If possible, it would be prudent to store this compound under inert atmosphere. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)

SOURCE DOMINATED: Dimethyl methylphosphonate ambient air concns at three different locations near the edge of a hazardous liquid waste lagoon were 109,000, 10,600 and 2450 ng/cu m(1). Concns at two sites approximately 1 mile from this lagoon were 31 and 20 ng/cu m(1).

LD50 Rat (Sprague-Dawley male and female) oral >5000 mg/kg bw /Fyrol DMMP/|LD50 Rabbit (albino male and female) dermal >2000 mg/kg bw /Fyrol DMMP/|LC50 Rat (Sprague-Dawley male and female) inhalation >26.1 mg/L/1 hr

Dimethyl methylphosphonate (98% pure) is one of four chemicals nominated by the U.S. Army for toxicology and carcinogenesis studies because it was being considered for use to simulate the physical and spectroscopic (but not the biologic) properties of anticholinesterase (nerve) agents. Dimethyl methylphosphonate is also used as a flame retardant, a preignition additive for gasoline, an antifoam agent, a plasticizer and stabilizer, a textile conditioner and antistatic agent, and an additive for solvents and low-temperature hydraulic fluids. The United States produces 0.2-2 million pounds (91,000-910,000 kg) of per year. Gavage was chosen as the route of administration for all four candidate "simulants" to mimic potential exposure. ... In the 2-year studies, dimethyl methylphosphonate was administered in corn oil by gavage at doses of 0, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg/day to groups of 50 F344/N rats of each sex and at 0, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg/day to groups of 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex. All animals were dosed 5 days/wk for 103 weeks. Body Weight and Survival in the Two-Year Studies: Mean body weights of high dose male rats were 5%-10% lower than those of the vehicle controls between weeks 28 and 76 and were 10%-24% lower between weeks 80 and 104. Mean body weights of high dose female rats were 8%-12% lower than those of the vehicle controls after week 80. Survival of male rats was greater than 50% in all groups until week 80, and after this time, survival decreased in both groups, with the survival at the end of the study being 27/50 in vehicle control, 17/50 in low dose, and 4/50 in high dose groups. Survival of low dose female rats was comparable to that of the vehicle controls, but the final survival of high dose female rats was decreased (vehicle control, 30/50; low dose, 33/50; high dose, 23/50). No other compound-related clinical signs were observed. Mean body weights of high dose male mice were 7%-16% lower than those of the vehicle control males between weeks 36 and 76, and those of high dose female mice were 6%-12% lower between weeks 88 and 103. Decreased survival between weeks 23 and 45 in high dose male mice was associated with fighting. Seventeen high dose male and 22 high dose female mice died during week 45; these deaths were associated with the accidental administration of a dose mixture that had a concentration 34% greater than the targeted amount. Eleven low dose male mice died on the same day during week 77. By the end of the study, 29/50 vehicle control, 12/50 low dose, and 0/50 high dose male mice were alive; 41/50, 30/50, and 2/50 female mice survived to the end of the study. Renal Effects in the Two-Year Studies: Administration of dimethyl methylphosphonate to male rats increased the average severity of nephropathy and caused mineralization (calcification) of the collecting tubules in the renal papilla (12/50; 41/50; 36/49), hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium lining the renal pelvis and overlying the renal papilla (0/50; 23/50; 21/49), and focal hyperplasia of the renal tubular epithelium (0/50; 8/50; 9/49). Administration of dimethyl methylphosphonate to male rats was also associated with the occurrence of rare renal tubular cell adenocarcinomas (0/50; 2/50; 3/49) and papillomas of the transitional epithelium lining of the renal pelvis (0/50; 2/50; 3/49); a transitional cell carcinoma occurred in a low dose male rat. There were no tubular cell or transitional cell neoplasms of the kidney in female rats. Hematopoietic System Effects in the Two-Year Studies: The incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia was increased in high dose male rats (10/50; 11/50; 17/50). ...Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of dimethyl methylphosphonate for male F344/N rats as shown by increased incidences of tubular cell hyperplasia, tubular cell adenocarcinomas, hyperplasia of the transitional cell epithelium, and transitional cell papillomas of the kidney. There was an increased incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia in male rats at 1,000 mg/kg. Renal toxicity and decreased survival occurred in dosed male rats. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of dimethyl methylphosphonate for female F344/N rats given doses of 500 or 1,000 mg/kg. The study in male B6C3F1 mice was an inadequate study of carcinogenic activity because of decreased survival in both dosed groups. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity for female B6C3F1 mice receiving dimethyl methylphosphonate at 1,000 mg/kg; decreased survival of female mice at 2,000 mg/kg made this group inadequate for determination of carcinogenic activity.|In the single-administration studies, dimethyl methylphosphonate was given to rats and mice at doses up to 6,810 mg/kg body weight. No compound-related deaths were seen in male or female rats or male mice; two high dose female mice died. Rats exhibited inactivity, unsteady gait, and prostration after dosing; mice were inactive after dosing.|Rats and mice received doses of 0, 1,250, 2,500, 5,000, 10,000, or 15,000 mg/kg dimethyl methylphosphonate/day /for 15 days/. Compound-related deaths occurred in the three highest dose groups of rats and the two highest dose groups of mice. Rats receiving doses of 2,500 mg/kg or higher were inactive and at 5,000 or 10,000 mg/kg had an unsteady gait after dosing; mice exhibited inactivity, shallow breathing, and prostration at doses of 10,000 mg/kg or higher. No lesions were reported in rats. Nonneoplastic lesions of the stomach were seen in some male mice at doses of 1,250 mg/kg and higher and in some female mice at doses of 5,000 mg/kg and higher.|Dimethyl methylphosphonate was given at doses up to 8,000 mg/kg/day. Compound-related deaths occurred at 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 mg/kg in rats and at 4,000 and 8,000 mg/kg in mice. Mean body weights of rats at 1,000 mg/kg and mice at 2,000 mg/kg were similar to those of the vehicle controls; decreased weight gain was seen at higher doses. No compound-related clinical signs were reported. Minimal to mild renal and testicular lesions were seen at all doses in male rats, but the severity of these lesions did not increase with increasing dose of the chemical. No apparent target tissues were identified in female rats or male and female mice.|For more National Toxicology Program Studies (Complete) data for DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dimethyl methylphosphonate's production and use as a flame retardant, simulants for nerve agents, antifoam agent, plasticizer and stabilizer, textile conditioner and antistatic agent, a preignition additive for gasoline, and as an additive for solvents and low-temperature hydraulic fluid(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). The compound is listed as a chemical weapons precursor and is regulated by the Chemical Waepons Convention.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 11(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.61(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dimethyl methylphosphonate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC); however experiments show that dimethyl methylphosphonate adsorbs strongly to natural montmorillonite clay mineral(4). Volatilization of dimethyl methylphosphonate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Dimethyl methylphosphonate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.962 mm Hg(6). In environmental chamber studies, dimethyl methylphosphonate at initial concns in soil from 100-1000 ppm exhibited half-lives ranging from 0.2-60 days; average half-life was 12.4 days(7). The transport and/or degradation process responsible for the loss of dimethyl methylphosphonate was not determined. Limited biodegradation data indicate that biodegradation is not an important fate process in soil(8).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 11(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.61(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dimethyl methylphosphonate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC); however experiments show that dimethyl methylphosphonate adsorbs strongly to natural montmorillonite clay mineral(4). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 22 and 240 days, respectively(SRC). Dimethyl methylphosphonate will hydrolyze to methanol(6). Half-lives for dimethyl methylphosphonate are calculated to be 13.2 and 43.3 yrs at 20 and 10 °C, respectively, at unspecified pH(7). Hydrolysis acid, base and neutral rates for dimethyl methylphosphonate were reported as 1.36X10-9/mole-sec, 7.5X10-3/mole-sec, and 2.5X10-10/mole-sec, respectively(8). These rates correspond to half-lives of 3.27 yrs, 124 days, 12.4 days, and 1.2 days at pH 3, 7, 9, and 11, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(9), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(10), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). In environmental chamber studies, dimethyl methylphosphonate half-lives in muddy water ranged from 7-210 days, removal mechanism for dimethyl methylphosphonate not specified(11). Limited biodegradation data indicate that biodegradation is not an important fate process in water(12).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dimethyl methylphosphonate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.962 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimethyl methylphosphonate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.7X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Dimethyl methylphosphonate is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight based upon data for a similar compound, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, which did not photolyze when exposed to light (>290 nm) for 232 hours in distilled or Rocky Mountain Arsenal water(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dimethyl methylphosphonate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.7X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Dimethyl methylphosphonate will hydrolyze to methanol(2). Half-lives for dimethyl methylphosphonate are calculated to be 13.2 and 43.3 years at 20 and 10 °C, respectively at unspecified pH(3). These two half-lives were calculated from kinetic data collected at 98, 90 and 80 °C(3). Hydrolysis acid, base and neutral rates for dimethyl methylphosphonate were reported as 1.36X10-9/mole-sec, 7.5X10-3/mole-sec, and 2.5X10-10/mole-sec, respectively(4). These rates correspond to half-lives of 3.27 yrs, 124 days, 12.4 days, and 1.2 days at pH 3, 7, 9, and 11, respectively(SRC). Dimethyl methylphosphonate is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight based upon data for a similar compound, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, which did not photolyze when exposed to light (>290 nm) for 232 hours in distilled or Rocky Mountain Arsenal water(5).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for dimethyl methylphosphonate(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.61(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of dimethyl methylphosphonate is estimated as 11(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.61(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dimethyl methylphosphonate is expected to have very high mobility in soil; however experiments show that dimethyl methylphosphonate adsorbs strongly to natural montmorillonite clay mineral(4).

The Henry's Law constant for dimethyl methylphosphonate is estimated as 1.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dimethyl methylphosphonate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 22 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 240 days(SRC). Dimethyl methylphosphonate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Dimethyl methylphosphonate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.962 mm Hg(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2135 workers (763 of these were female) were potentially exposed to dimethyl methylphosphonate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to dimethyl methylphosphonate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dimethyl methylphosphonate is produced or used(SRC).

A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here. (See all compounds classified as Central Nervous System Stimulants.)

Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is a widely used chemical. Diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP) has been proposed as a replacement for DMMP in several applications. ... To further characterize the toxicology of DMMP and DEEP, ... the biotransformation of these compounds and their ability to induce alpha(2u)-globulin accumulation in kidney /were investigated/. Biotransformation of both DMMP and DEEP were studied in male and female rats after single oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. 31P-NMR and GC/MS showed that unchanged DMMP was excreted with urine; methyl phosphonate was identified as the only metabolite in urine. Unchanged DEEP was also excreted with urine; in addition, ethyl ethylphosphonate and ethylphosphonate were urinary metabolites. The majority of the applied dose of both compounds was recovered in urine within 24 hr indicating rapid absorption and excretion. No sex-differences in rates of formation or excretion of metabolites were seen.

Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is a widely used chemical. Diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP) has been proposed as a replacement for DMMP in several applications. ... To further characterize the toxicology of DMMP and DEEP, ... the biotransformation of these compounds and their ability to induce alpha(2u)-globulin accumulation in kidney /were investigated/. Biotransformation of both DMMP and DEEP were studied in male and female rats after single oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. 31P-NMR and GC/MS showed that unchanged DMMP was excreted with urine; methyl phosphonate was identified as the only metabolite in urine. Unchanged DEEP was also excreted with urine; in addition, ethyl ethylphosphonate and ethylphosphonate were urinary metabolites. The majority of the applied dose of both compounds was recovered in urine within 24 hr indicating rapid absorption and excretion. No sex-differences in rates of formation or excretion of metabolites were seen.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Combustion products may cause breathing difficulty and pulmonary edema. It has weak cholinesterase inhibiting properties. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This chemical may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, phosphorus oxides and phosphine. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

dimethyl methanephosphonate

Fyrol DMMP

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Phosphonic acid, P-methyl-, dimethyl ester: ACTIVE

Single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) was used for the real-time detection of liquid nerve agent simulants. A total of 1000 dual-polarity time-of-flight mass spectra was obtained for micrometer-sized single particles each of dimethyl methyl phosphonate, diethyl ethyl phosphonate, diethyl phosphoramidate, and diethyl phthalate using laser fluences between 0.58 and 7.83 nJ/sq um, and mass spectral variation with laser fluence was studied. The mass spectra obtained allowed identification of single particles of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants at each laser fluence used although lower laser fluences allowed more facile identification. SPAMS is presented as a promising real-time detection system for the presence of CWAs.|... Detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) with high sensitivity and low false-alarm rates is considered an important priority for ensuring public safety. ...A minimum detection level for a CWA simulant, dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), of <0.5 ppb (parts in 10+9) /was found/ by use of a widely tunable external grating cavity quantum cascade laser and photoacoustic spectroscopy. With interferents present in Santa Monica, California street air, ... a false-alarm rate of 1:10+6 at a detection threshold of 1.6 ppb /was determined/.