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Azobisisobutyronitrile

Azobisisobutyronitrile structure

CAS No:
78-67-1
Formula:
C8H12N4
Chemical Name:
Azobisisobutyronitrile
Synonyms:
Propanenitrile,2,2′-(1,2-diazenediyl)bis[2-methyl-;Propionitrile,2,2′-azobis[2-methyl-;Propanenitrile,2,2′-azobis[2-methyl-;2,2′-(1,2-Diazenediyl)bis[2-methylpropanenitrile];Aceto AZIB;α,α′-Azobis(isobutyronitrile);2,2′-Azobis[isobutyronitrile];α,α′-Azodiisobutyronitrile;2,2′-Azodiisobutyronitrile;Azobisisobutyronitrile;Azodiisobutyronitrile;α,α′-Azodiisobutyric acid dinitrile;AIBN;AZDH;2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile);Porofor N;Pianofor An;Vazo 64;2,2′-Dimethyl-2,2′-azodipropionitrile;ChKhZ 57;N,N′-Bis(2-cyano-2-propyl)diazene;Genitron AZDN-FF;2,2′-Azobis[2-methylpropanenitrile];Genitron AZDN;AZDN;ChKhE 57;N,N′-Azobis(isobutyronitrile);V 60 (polymerization catalyst);V 60;Porofor ChKhZ 57;Perkadox AIBN;KB-P 13;2,2′-Azobis(2-cyanopropane);KE-P 13;ME 800;NSC 1496;NSC 68042;ABN-R;Peroxan AZDN;α,α′-Azoisobutyronitrile;ABIN;95210-41-6;39322-24-2;58449-80-2;67035-64-7;76012-28-7;80748-81-8;161755-85-7
Categories:
Pharmaceutical Intermediates > Bulk Drug Intermediates

Description

White columnar crystals or white crystalline powder. Insoluble in water, soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, petroleum ether and aniline and other organic solvents.

Insoluble in water and denser than water. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Readily ignited by sparks or flames. Burns intensely and persistently. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion. Used as a catalyst, in vinyl polymerizations and a blowing agent for plastics.|DryPowder; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals|WHITE POWDER.

Azobisisobutyronitrile Basic Attributes

Molecular Weight：

164.21

Exact Mass：

164.21

EC Number：

201-132-3

UNII：

FZ6PX8U5YB

ICSC Number：

1090

NSC Number：

68042|1496

UN Number：

3234|1325

DSSTox ID：

DTXSID1026457

Color/Form：

CRYSTALS FROM ETHANOL + WATER|WHITE POWDER

HScode：

2927000090

Characteristics

PSA：

72.3

XLogP3：

1.26

Appearance：

Density：

0.8003 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

Melting Point：

105 °C

Boiling Point：

>260 °C

Flash Point：

4℃

Refractive Index：

1.491

Water Solubility：

H2O: Insoluble

Storage Conditions：

2-8°C

Vapor Pressure：

Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C:

Toxicity：

Oral-Rat LDL0: 670 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 700 mg/kg

Flammability characteristics：

Inflammable in case of open flame, high temperature and oxidant; decompose flammable gas in case of heat; produce toxic nitrogen oxide smoke

Explosive limit：

CAN EXPLODE WHEN DISSOLVED IN ACETONE...

Experimental Properties：

DECOMPOSES @ 107 °C

Air and Water Reactions：

Dust may form an explosive mixture in air. Insoluble in water.

Reactive Group：

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Reactivity Alerts：

Explosive

Reactivity Profile：

Self-decomposition or self-ignition may be triggered by heat, chemical reaction, friction or impact. Self-accelerating decomposition may occur if the specific control temperature is not maintained. These materials are particularly sensitive to temperature rises. AZODIISOBUTYRONITRILE is an azo compound. Azo, diazo, azido compounds can detonate. This applies in particular to organic azides that have been sensitized by the addition of metal salts or strong acids. Toxic gases are formed by mixing materials of this class with acids, aldehydes, amides, carbamates, cyanides, inorganic fluorides, halogenated organics, isocyanates, ketones, metals, nitrides, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, acyl halides, and strong oxidizing or reducing agents. Flammable gases are formed by mixing materials in this group with alkali metals. Explosive combination can occur with strong oxidizing agents, metal salts, peroxides, and sulfides.

Autoignition Temperature：

147 °F (64 °C)|64 °C

Physical Dangers：

If dry, it can be charged electrostatically by swirling, pneumatic transport, pouring, etc.

Safety Information

Packing level：

Hazard category：

4.1

Transport codes：

UN 3234 4.1

wgk germany：

hazard class code：

2-11-20/22-52/53-67-65-48/20-38-63-66-36

safety instructions：

39-41-47-61-62-36/37-16-26

RTECS Number：

UG0800000

Marks：

E,Xn,F,Xi

Storage features：

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidant

Explosive characteristics：

Explosive when mixed with oxidant; easy to oxidize, unstable, decompose violently when heated, and explode when heated with heptane and acetone

Stability/Shelf Life：

Stability Flammable solid. Shock sensitive. Thermally unstable. May be explosive in combination with acetone or heptane. Incompatible with oxidizing agents.

Precautionary statement(s)：

P210-P261-P281-P301 + P310-P331

Hazard Statements：

H225-H304-H315-H336-H361d-H373

Fire Hazards：

Excerpt from ERG Guide 150 [Substances (Self-Reactive / Temperature Controlled)]: Self-decomposition, self-polymerization, or self-ignition may be triggered by heat, chemical reaction, friction or impact. Self-accelerating decomposition may occur if the specific control temperature is not maintained. These materials are particularly sensitive to temperature rises. Above a given "Control Temperature" they decompose or polymerize violently and may catch fire. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May burn violently. Decomposition or polymerization may be self-accelerating and produce large amounts of gases. Vapors or dust may form explosive mixtures with air. (ERG, 2016)|Highly flammable. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air. Risk of fire and explosion when dissolving in organic solvents. Explosive.|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree

GHS Classification：

|Warning|H242: Heating may cause a fire [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]|P210, P220, P234, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, P411, P420, and P501|H242 (100%): Heating may cause a fire [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1366 companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|Danger|P210, P220, P234, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P304+P340, P307+P311, P312, P314, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P411, P420, and P501|P201, P202, P210, P220, P234, P260, P264, P270, P280, P281, P301+P310, P308+P313, P314, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P411, P420, and P501

Fire Fighting：

Excerpt from ERG Guide 150 [Substances (Self-Reactive / Temperature Controlled)]: The temperature of the substance must be maintained at or below the "Control Temperature" at all times. SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: BEWARE OF POSSIBLE CONTAINER EXPLOSION. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)|Use water in large amounts, water spray. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Isolation and Evacuation：

Excerpt from ERG Guide 150 [Substances (Self-Reactive / Temperature Controlled)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial evacuation for at least 250 meters (800 feet) in all directions. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Nonfire Spill Response：

Excerpt from ERG Guide 150 [Substances (Self-Reactive / Temperature Controlled)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean, non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2016)

Personal Protective Equipment：

Excerpt from ERG Guide 150 [Substances (Self-Reactive / Temperature Controlled)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)

Explosive Limits and Potential：

EXPLOSION OCCURRED WHEN SOLN OF ALPHA,ALPHA'-AZODIISOBUTYRONITRILE IN ACETONE WAS CONCENTRATED IN GLASS-LINED STEAM-JACKETED VESSEL.|CAN EXPLODE WHEN DISSOLVED IN ACETONE...

Shipment Methods：

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Spillage Disposal：

Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Remove all ignition sources. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Safe Storage：

Fireproof. Cool. Separated from strong oxidants and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers.

Inhalation Risk：

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

Effects of Short Term Exposure：

The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

Effects of Long Term Exposure：

The substance may have effects on the liver.

Fire Prevention：

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Do NOT expose to friction or shock. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

Exposure Prevention：

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Inhalation Prevention：

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Skin Prevention：

Protective gloves.

Eye Prevention：

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Toxicity

Toxicity class：

moderately toxic

Human Exposure：

...IS TOXIC, & RELEASES NITROGEN GAS & RESIDUE OF TETRAMETHYL SUCCINIC DINITRILE, WHICH PERSISTS IN FOAM. THIS COMPD...HAS BEEN BELIEVED TO BE CAUSE OF HEADACHE, NAUSEA, & OTHER ILL-DEFINED SYSTEMIC COMPLAINTS IN WORKERS.

Drug Information

Metabolism/Metabolites：

IN ORGANISM, FORMS HCN WHICH IS FOUND IN BLOOD, LIVER & BRAIN.

Health Hazards：

Excerpt from ERG Guide 150 [Substances (Self-Reactive / Temperature Controlled)]: Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce irritating, toxic and/or corrosive gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

First Aid：

Excerpt from ERG Guide 150 [Substances (Self-Reactive / Temperature Controlled)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Human Toxicity Excerpts：

MAY BE TOXIC BY INGESTION.

MeSH Entry Terms：

2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile

Exposure Routes：

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

Azobisisobutyronitrile Use and Manufacturing

Methods of Manufacturing

With acetone, hydrazine hydrate and sodium cyanide as raw materials: the above condensation reaction temperature is 55 ~ 60 ℃, the reaction time is 5h, and then cooled down to 25 ~ 30 ℃ for 2h. When the temperature was lowered to below 10°C, chlorine was started and the reaction was carried out below 20°C. The material ratio is: HCN: acetone: hydrazine=1L: 1.5036kg: 0.415kg. Acetone cyanohydrin is reacted with hydrazine hydrate, and then liquid chlorine is used for oxidation or aminobutyronitrile is used for oxidation with sodium hypochlorite.

Uses

Used as an initiator in the synthesis of highly cross-linked Poly(divinylbenzene) (PDVB) polymers. 1 Used as an initiator in the polymerization process of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). 2

Fillers

Automotive care products

Production

1,000,000 - 10,000,000 lb

Manufacturing Info：

Adhesive manufacturing|Propanenitrile, 2,2'-(1,2-diazenediyl)bis[2-methyl-: ACTIVE

Analytic Methods：

BENZENE-POLAROGRAPHIC METHOD WAS USED FOR DETECTING SMALL AMT OF AZOBISISOBUTYRONITRILE IN DRAINAGE WATERS OF POLYMER PRODUCTION.

Use Classification：

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree

Computed Properties

Molecular Weight:164.21
XLogP3:1.3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:4
Rotatable Bond Count:2
Exact Mass:164.106196400
Monoisotopic Mass:164.106196400
Topological Polar Surface Area:72.3
Heavy Atom Count:12
Complexity:251
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

Material

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride

Acetone

Benzene

Sodium hypochlorite

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