2,3-Dimethylbutane

86.18

86.18

1730737

201-193-6

68ISQ7A432

24837

2457

DTXSID9025112

COLORLESS LIQUID

29011000

0

3.42

Colorless Liquid

0.6616 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-128.8 °C

57.9 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

−28 °F

1.381

soluble in water (1mg/ml @22°C), DMSO, ethanol, acetone.

Flammables area

7.41 psi ( 37.7 °C)

3 (vs air)

Oral-Rat LD50: 28710 mg/kg

Inflammable in case of open flame, high temperature, oxidant; burning produces irritating smoke

~7.7%

6.20e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

Liquid molar volume = 0.131050 cu m/kmol|IG Heat of Formation = -1.7680X10+8 J/kmol|VAPOR PRESSURE 400 MM HG @ 39.0 °C

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Highly Flammable

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. This compound is incompatible with oxidizing materials. It is also incompatible with oxygen. (NTP, 1992).

788 °F (NTP, 1992)|761 °F (405 °C)

3877.86 kJ/mol

% BY VOL: LOWER 1.2, UPPER 7.0

29.2 kJ/mol @ 25 °C

Critical temperature = 499.98 deg K; critical pressure = 3.1268X10+6 Pa

II

3

UN 2457 3/PG 2

3

11-65-67-51/53-38

16-23-33-62-61-29-9

EJ9350000

F,Xn,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and acids

Explosive when mixed with air

Stable. Flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, oxygen.

P210-P261-P273-P301 + P310-P331

H225-H304-H315-H336-H411

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards/Department of Social Affairs and Employment, Directorate-General of Labor; Health Based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limits for 2-Methylpentane, 3-Methylpentane, 2,2-Dimethylbutane, 2,3-Dimethylbutane (Hexane Isomers) (1993)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. For hybrid vehicles, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to ERG Guide 169. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Danger|H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P312, P321, P331, P332+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 226 companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective. SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Wear rubber gloves, face shield, work gown, all purpose canister mask.

DANGEROUS, WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME; CAN REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS.

VENTILATION CONTROL: THE BASIC VENTILATION METHODS ARE LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION AND DILUTION OR GENERAL VENTILATION.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot.|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

A study conducted in Atlanta found the average source profiles of 2,3-dimethylbutane in roadway, whole gas (average of six octanes), whole gas (87 octane), whole gas (89 octane), whole gas (92/93 octane), headspace gas (at 24 °C and average of six octanes), headspace gas (at 32 °C and average of six octanes), airport, and aircraft emissions were: 0.863, 0.88, 0.96, 0.83, 0.70, 1.49, 1.55, 0.55, and 0.332 ppbC%, respectively(1). A study conducted in Chicago found the average concentration of 2,3-dimethylbutane/2-methylpentane in regular fuel (87 octane), mid-grade (89 octane), premium (93 octane), hot soak, cold start, roadway, and petroleum refinery emissions to be 3.2, 2.34, 1.33, 4.62, 4.4, 3.21, and 2.62 wt%, respectively(2). Refueling emission profiles for 2,3-dimethylbutane/2-methylpentane were 2.58 and 2.26 wt% in the summer and winter, respectively and 4.17 and 3.2 wt% in Atlanta and Chicago respectively(2). The emission rate of 2,3-dimethylbutane is estimated to be 5 metric tons/day in a southern California mountain forest location impacted with urban photochemical smog(3). The profile for 2,3-dimethylbutane in gasoline engine exhaust (noncatalyst and catalyst equipped), unburned gasoline (whole and headspace vapors) was 0.6, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.1 wt%, respectively(4). 2,3-Dimethylbutane was identified in influent and effluent food refuse gas samples(5). The average 2,3-dimethylbutane contribution to emissions from 67 different vehicles was 0.6 wt% in Sydney, Australia(6). 2,3-Dimethylbutane content in moped exhaust with alkylate-based and reformate-based fuels was 1.2 and 1.5 wt% (alkylate: exhaust and fuel) and 0.48 and 0.6 (reformate: exhaust and fuel)(7).|In Southern California, the 2,3-dimethylbutane profile for various emissions for vehicle exhaust was 0.81, 0.89, 1.24, 0.00, 1.68, and 1.91 wt% for a 46 car study, 13 samples from the Caldecott Tunnel, cold start, stabilized, hot start, and from an older fleet, respectively(1). Gasoline emission profiles for 2,3-dimethylbutane are as follows: 4.99, 5.36, 3.34, 2.59, 2.32, 2.33, and 2.03 wt% for diurnal evaporative emissions (older fleet), hot soak evaporative emissions (older fleet), running loss (older fleet), summer liquid gas, winter liquid gas, summer gas headspace, and winter gas headspace, respectively(1). In oil field emissions (Tulsa, OK), 2,3-dimethylbutane was detected at average concentration of 24.5 ppbC and approximately 12 ppbC for two different samples(2). The concentration of 2,3-dimethylbutane in gasoline vapors from refueling cars at service stations ranged between 0.005 and 9.2 ppm(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 2,3-Dimethylbutane was identified in downtown Los Angeles morning air at concns of 2-8 ppbv(1). A study of Washington, DC air identified 2,3-dimethylbutane in 62.5% of the samples at an average concn of 0.21 ppbv(2). 2,3-Dimethylbutane was identified in the air of the following industrial cities of the USSR: Leningrad, Tashkent, Baku, Tbilisi, Kemerovo, and Murmansk(3). 2,3-Dimethylbutane was also identified in the air of three large South African cities: Pretoria, Johannesburg, and Durban(4). 2,3-Dimethylbutane was identified in the air of Sydney, Australia at an average concn of 0.9 ppbv(5). 2,3-Dimethylbutane was identified in the air of Huntington Park, Los Angeles at 0.6 ppb (ground level, afternoon), 7.8 (groundlevel, morning), 2.1 (at 1500 ft, morning), and 0.1 ppb (at 2200 ft, morning)(6). A study conducted in the Riverside, CA area identified 2,3-dimethylbutane at concns of approximately 0.5, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.6 ppb at five different sites(7). 2,3-Dimethylbutane was identified in the air of suburban, urban, and source dominated sites at the following average concns: 0.572 (219 samples), 0.6 (521 samples), and 0.666 ppbv (20 samples), respectively(8).|RURAL/REMOTE: 2,3-Dimethylbutane was identified in the air of six remote sites in North Carolina at the following median concns (ppb carbon): Roan Mountain, 0.1; Grandfather Mountain, 0.2; Linville Gorge, 0.1; Rich Mountain, 0.1; Boone Center, 3.1; and Boone Outskirts, 0.3(1).

slightly toxic

2,3-Dimethylbutane's production and use as a high octane fuel and in organic synthesis(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 2,3-Dimethylbutane is released into the atmosphere from auto, biomass combustion, and gasoline vapor emissions(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1700(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3-dimethylbutane will have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3-dimethylbutane may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure(4) and water solubility(5), and from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an experimental vapor pressure of 235 mm Hg(4). Insufficient data are available to determine the rate or importance of biodegradation of 2,3-dimethylbutane(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1700(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3-dimethylbutane would adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC) in the water. 2,3-Dimethylbutane would volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure(4) and water solubility(5). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.7 hours and 3.7 days, respectively(3,SRC). An estimated BCF value of 230(3,SRC), from an experimental log Kow(2), suggests that 2,3-dimethylbutane will bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC) according to a recommended classification scheme(6). Insufficient data are available to determine the rate or importance of biodegradation of 2,3-dimethylbutane(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3-dimethylbutane, which has an experimental vapor pressure of 235 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) will exist as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-dimethylbutane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 5.4 days(3,SRC). Vapor-phase 2,3-dimethylbutane is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with nitrate radicals(4); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 334 days(4,SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-dimethylbutane with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been experimentally determined to be 6.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-dimethylbutane with nitrate radicals has been experimentally determined to be 1.2X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 334 days at an atmospheric concentration of 2X10+8 NO3 radicals per cu cm(2,SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 230 was calculated for 2,3-dimethylbutane(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 3.42(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will be an important fate process(SRC).

The Koc of 2,3-dimethylbutane is estimated as approximately 1700(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 3.42(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3-dimethylbutane has low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,3-dimethylbutane is estimated as 1.2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 235 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 22.5 mg/l(2). This value indicates that 2,3-dimethylbutane will volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 2.7 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 3.7 days(3,SRC). 2,3-Dimethylbutane's high vapor pressure(1) and high Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

The average concentration of 2,3-dimethylbutane in the air from gasoline vapors, to which petroleum industry workers may be exposed, for outside operators is 0.232 mg/cu m, for transport drivers is 0.958 mg/cu m, and for service attendants is 1.319 mg/cu m(1).|Occupational exposure to aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as 2,3-dimethylbutane(SRC), will occur primarily through inhalation(1).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

2,3-dimethylbutane

GRADES: TECHNICAL 95%; 99%; 99.8 MOLE %.

Petroleum refineries|Butane, 2,3-dimethyl-: ACTIVE

A SOLVENT IN A HANDICRAFT FIRM WAS ANALYZED BY MASS SPECTROMETRY & SHOWED THE PRESENCE OF 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE.|A gastight, low-volume photoionization detector (PID) was constructed to detect trace hydrocarbons, incl 2,3-dimethylbutane, in atmospheric samples. The avg minimum detectable amt for the PID was 8.6 pg for alkanes. When the detector was operated in tandem with a standard flame ionization detector (FID), PID/FID response ratios normalized to toluene produced values that could be used to classify hydrocarbons according to their degree of saturation.|A modified variant of the purge-and-trap gas chromatographic analysis of volatile organic carbon compounds in water was designed. Samples collected in glass 1 l bottles are purged at 60 °C for 1 hr in an ultrapure helium gas stream using an open loop arrangement. Volatile eluates are trapped onto selective adsorbents packed inside stainless steel tubes connected in series. After stripping at a flow rate of 100 mg/min for 60 min, the adsorbent tubes are disconnected, fitted with analytical desorption caps and sequentially desorbed for 10 min on a thermal desorber. The desorbed organics are trapped at 30 °C on a packed cold trap prior to flash volatilization of the volatiles across a fused silica transfer line onto a capillary column. The method separated over 200 organic compounds within 40 min using flame ionization and ion trap detection and is capable of quantitation down to 5 ng/l per component. The recoveries of 2,3-dimethylbutane from water at 30 and 60 °C were 50 and 85%, respectively.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree