Dibromomethane

173.83

173.83

969143

200-824-2

V69B659W01

0354

7293

2664

DTXSID4021557

Clear, colorless liquid

2903399010

0

1.54

Clear colorless to slightly brown Liquid

2.4969 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-52.5 °C

97 °C

96-98°C

1.533

H2O: 0.1 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

Refrigerator

34.9 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

6.05 (vs air)

Oral-rat LD50: 108 mg/kg; Subcutaneous-mouse LD50: 3738 mg/kg

High thermal decomposition produces bromide gas

1.13e-13 cm3/molecule*sec

8.22e-04 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant: 8.22E-4 atm cu m/mol @ 20 °C

Enthalpy of formation: -3.53 kcal/mole; Gibbs energy of formation: -3.87 kcal/mole; entropy: 70.10 cal/deg-mole @ 298.15 K; heat capacity 13.04 cal/deg-mole|Dielectric constant: 7.7 @ 10 °C & 6.7 @ 40 °C; dipole moment: 1.43 (gas), 1.85 @ 20 °C (liq)|Hydroxyl radical rate constant =1.13X10-13 @ 25 °C

Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as DIBROMOMETHANE, are moderately or very reactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Low molecular weight haloalkanes are highly flammable and can react with some metals to form dangerous products. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals (potassium), and epoxides.

515 °C

The vapour is heavier than air.

32.92 kJ/mol @ 97 °C; 36.97 kJ/mol @ 25 °C

Critical temp: 583 K; critical pressure: 71 atm

III

6.1

UN 2664 6.1/PG 3

2

20-52/53-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11

24-61-45-36/37-16-7

PA7350000

Xn,T,F

Treasury is ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and food additives

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, aluminium, magnesium. Reacts violently with potassium.

P273

H332-H412

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U068, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Although apparently stable on contact, mixtures of potassium (or its alloys) with a wide range of halocarbons are shock-sensitive & may explode with great violence on light impact. Chloroethane, dichloroethane ... dibromomethane & diiodomethane are among those investigated. Sensitivity increases generally with the degree of substitution ...

Osterman-Golkar S et al; Chem-Biol Interact 46 (1): 121-30 (1983). Dibromomethanes reactivity towards nucleophilic compounds of different strengths in water solution and with respect to its toxicity and mutagenic effectiveness in bacterial test systems.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Dissociation products generated in a fire may be irritating or toxic. (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Risk of fire and explosion. See Chemical Dangers.

|Warning|H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]|P261, P271, P273, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, and P501|Danger|H301 (13.04%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P310, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P321, P330, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 184 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P281, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]|P261, P271, P304+P340, P312, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 160 [Halogenated Solvents]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 160 [Halogenated Solvents]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Stop leak if you can do it without risk. SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Pick up with sand, earth or other non-combustible absorbent material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Organic vapor canister mask, safely glasses, protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)|Respiratory protection: 200 ppm or less: Any supplied-air respirator. Any self contained breathing apparatus; 1000 ppm or less: Any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood. Any self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece; 2000 ppm or less: A Type C supplied air respirator operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode; Greater than 2000 ppm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations: Self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode, or a combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand, or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode and an auxillary self contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode; Escape: Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors, or any self contained breathing apparatus. /Methyl bromide/|Methylene bromide breakthrough times greater than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers for polyvinyl alcohol.

NOT FLAMMABLE BY STANDARD TEST IN AIR

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material.

/GUIDE 160: HALOGENATED SOLVENTS/ Fire or Explosion: Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. Most vapors are heavier than air. Air/vapor mixtures may explode when ignited. Container may explode in heat of fire.|/GUIDE 160: HALOGENATED SOLVENTS/ Health: Toxic by ingestion. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful. Contact may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 160: HALOGENATED SOLVENTS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 160: HALOGENATED SOLVENTS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DIBROMOMETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs, strong oxidants, strong bases and metals. Do NOT store or transport in containers made from aluminium or plastic. Ventilation along the floor.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. If swallowed the substance may cause vomiting and could result in aspiration pneumonitis. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system, blood and heart. Exposure could cause carbon monoxide poisoning. This may result in impaired functions. The effects may be delayed. Exposure at high concentrations could cause unconsciousness or death.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance may have effects on the central nervous system, liver, kidneys and lungs.

See Chemical Dangers

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

U068; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

U068; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when methylene bromide, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, dibromomethane was identified in discharges of the following industrial categories (positive occurrences, median concn in ppb): nonferrous metals (8; 2.2), organics and plastics (2; 32.9), inorganic chemicals (2; 1.9), pesticides manufacture (2; 104.6), publicly owned treatment works (9; 0.3)(1). Maximum effluent concn >100 ppb were found in the nonferrous metals industry (286 ppb) and in pesticide manufacturing (151 ppb)(1). In a previous survey of 63 wastewaters from a wide range of chemical manufacturers across the U.S., 1 effluent contained dibromomethane(2). The level of dibromomethane in that sample was >100 ppb.

SOURCE DOMINATED: The median concentration of dibromomethane from six source-related areas in the U.S. (22 measurement), namely, Edison, NJ, Magnolia,AR, Phoenix, AZ, Seattle, WA, Sugas Creek, MO, and Westwood Village, CA was 980 parts per trillion; the range was 190-13,000 parts per trillion(1).|URBAN/SUBURBAN: Dibromomethane was detected in air samples collected in Patterson, Edison and E. Brunswick, NJ in 1976 at concns of 130, 63,000 and 42 ng/cu m, respectively. Dibromomethane was detected in four samples collected in Tsukuba, Japan in April, 1992 at concns ranging from 0.70-1.28 parts per trillion (2). The concn of dibromomethane in air samples collected at Otake Beach, located approximately 50 km east of Tsukuba, ranged from 0.90-1.31 parts per trillion(2).|RURAL/REMOTE: The baseline concn of dibromomethane in marine air far removed from coastal areas and large concns of macroalgae is 2.4 parts per trillion/volume(1). The level of dibromomethane in air decreases with altitude to 1.2 parts per trillion/volume above the marine boundary layer and tradewind inversion(1). Air samples were collected in the South and North Atlantic on a cruise from Capetown to Bremerhaven, on the Azores, Madeira, Bermuda, and Tenerife. The dibromomethane concns reported ranged from 0.8 to 4 parts per trillion/volume with the exception of the beach at Sao Miguel, the Azores which was 50 parts per trillion/volume(1). The concn of dibromomethane measured across the Arctic from Anchorage, AK to Norway and the North Pole during March and April 1983 ranged from 3-60 parts per trillion/volume with a mean of 15 (standard deviation= 12) parts per trillion/volume(3). The monthly average concn of dibromomethane at Point Barrows, AK during 1983 ranged from 4.7 to 5.6 parts per trillion/volume(2). The concn within the Arctic haze that seasonally occurs in Point Barrows is estimated to be 4.2 parts per trillion/volume, while that outside the haze is 2.5 parts per trillion/volume(2). The concn is highest in winter and spring at which times meteorological and atmospheric conditions favor the formation of Arctic haze(2,3). This suggests that dibromomethane may be transported from industrial sources in the mid-latitudes(2). Dibromomethane was measured in background Arctic air and in Arctic haze between March 31 and April 4, 1984 (4). The difference in concn of dibromomethane between the background air and haze was measured as 1.7 parts per trillion/volume(4). Dibromomethane was detected in 67 air samples collected in the Antarctic between October and December of 1987 at concns ranging from 0.3-8.6 parts per trillion/volume with a mean of 3.7 parts per trillion/volume (5). Dibromomethane was detected in air samples collected during three sampling efforts: in the western Pacific between January 31 and February 1991 at concns ranging from 0.47-1.36 parts per trillion/volume, with a mean of 0.87 (n=23); in the western Pacific between September and October 1992 at concns ranging from 0.14-1.58 parts per trillion/volume with a mean of 0.59 parts per trillion/volume (n=48); and in the East China Sea, South China Sea and Bay of Bengal between January and March 1994 at concns ranging from 0.38-1.42 parts per trillion/volume, with a mean of 0.77 parts per trillion/volume (n=73)(6).

highly toxic

Treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with SKF 525-A (39 mg/kg) or diethyl maleate (0.6 ml/kg) 30 min prior to ip admin of 3 mmol/kg dibromomethane resulted in decreased blood carbon monoxide levels.

LC50 Rat ihl 40 g/cu m/2 hr|LD50 Mouse sc 3738 mg/kg

Dibromomethane is a primary emission product of macroalgae (eg. Fucales sargassum, Laminariales lamanaria)(1). Macroalgae are often concentrated along beaches and coastlines and releases of dibromomethane occur though dissolution into seawater followed by volatilization into air or direct release by the algae(1). Four of six species of intertidal macroalgae collected from three sites around Cape Cod produced and released dibromomethane into seawater at release rates that ranged up to 2100 ng/g algae (dry wt)(2). Representative species of brown and green algae released dibromomethane while the red algae did not(2).|Dibromomethane is produced by macroalgae(1-4) and microalgae(5). Experimentally-determined production rates for brown, red and green algae collected from the southern California coastal region ranged from 48 to 240 mg dibromomethane /day/g macroalgae (wet weight)(2). Laboratory and in-situ measurements of dibromomethane production by giant kelp (M. Pyrifera) collected from the southern California coastal region ranged from 22-173 (median = 48) ng/day/g of fresh weight and 14-88 (median = 41) ng/day/g of fresh weight, respectively(4). An estimate of the global production of dibromomethane by kelp and nonkelp seaweeds are 1.7 and 0.9 Gg/year(2).

Dibromomethane's production and use in chemical synthesis, as a solvent, or as a gauge fluid(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. A suggested secondary source of bromomethanes is from the chlorination of seawater in which bromine is relatively abundant(2). However this process predominantly generates bromoform.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 24(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dibromomethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dibromomethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 8.22X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). The potential for volatilization of dibromomethane from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 44.4 mm Hg (4). Biodegradation potential in soil is unknown(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 24(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that dibromomethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.22X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). Biodegradation potential in water is unknown(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 4(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.70(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The rate constant for the aqueous-phase reaction of dibromomethane with hydroxyl radicals is 9.9X10+7(8). This corresponds to a half-life of about 22 years at an aqueous concn of 1X10-17 mole/L hydroxyl radicals cm.|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dibromomethane, which has a vapor pressure of 44.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibromomethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 142 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.13X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The ozone depleting potential and atmospheric lifetime for dibromomethane have been calculated as 0.17 and 0.41 years, respectively(3). Dibromomethane is very soluble in water (11,900 g/l at 30 °C(4)) and therefore it should be readily scavenged by rain and snow(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dibromomethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.13X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.4X10+2 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 2.5X10-8 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 9X10+6 and 9X10+5 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). The rate constant for the aqueous-phase reaction of dibromomethane with hydroxyl radicals is 9.9X10+7(4). This corresponds to an a half-life of about 22 years at an aqueous concn of 1X10-17 mole/L hydroxyl radicals cm.

An estimated BCF of 4.06 was calculated for dibromomethane(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.70(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for dibromomethane can be estimated to be 24(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dibromomethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dibromomethane is 8.22X10-4 atm- cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dibromomethane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Dibromomethane's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Dibromomethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 44.4 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: In a survey of 14 treated drinking water supplies of varied sources in England, dibromomethane was detected in seven supplies(1). These supplies were derived from groundwater and surface water sources. Dibromomethane was detected in treated drinking water from the Niagara River in the range 0.2-0.8 ppb(2).|GROUNDWATER: No detectible dibromomethane was found in samples from a study of groundwater contamination at 19 municipal and 6 industrial landfill sites in Wisconsin(1). Of the 377 and 282 representative samples of groundwater and surface water in New Jersey that were analyzed for dibromomethane, 12% and 28%, respectively, contained dibromomethane(2). Ninety precent of the samples of both types contained equal or less than 0.1 ppb of dibromomethane(2). The maximum dibromomethane concentration in groundwater was 44.9 ppb and that in surface water was 358.6 ppb(2) Dibromomethane was found at 9 of 17 stations in the Lower Niagara River; levels up to 5 parts per trillion were found(3).|SURFACE WATER: Dibromomethane is a major volatile organic hydrocarbon in Narraganset Bay(1). However levels and distribution of the chemical were not reported. Surface seawater concns of dibromomethane at a site in the South Atlantic, and two sites in the North Atlantic (south of the Canary Islands and west of the Strait of Gibraltar) were 0.26, >1, and 0.3 ng/l(2). In Lake Ontario, dibromomethane was detected in 66% of the 82 stations that were sampled(3). Only 8 samples contained more than trace amounts of dibromomethane and the highest level was 7 parts per trillion. The detection limit was 0.7 parts per trillion. Dibromomethane was detected in surface water samples collected from 58 stations in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean between April 27 and May 31, 1991 at concns ranging from approximately 0.1 to 1.4(4). Dibromomethane was detected in 34 surface water samples collected in the antarctic between October and December of 1987 at concns ranging from 0.38-4.44 ng/l with a mean of 0.94 ng/l(5). Dibromomethane was detected in 3 of 136 samples collected from 30 sites along the lower reach of the Yodo River and its tributaries and the lower reaches of the Neyagawa River basin, near Osaka, Japan between August 1993 and February 1995 at concns between approximately 0.15 and 7 ug/l(6).|RAIN/SNOW: The concentration of dibromomethane in rain collected in Ulm, southern Germany was 1.4 ng/l(1). This rain was in a fast moving front coming from the North Atlantic.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1065 workers (452 of these are female) are potentially exposed to dibromomethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to dibromomethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dibromomethane is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to dibromomethane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing dibromomethane(SRC).

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes. (See all compounds classified as Mutagens.)

IT ... DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE ABSORBED SIGNIFICANTLY EVEN WHEN APPLIED REPEATEDLY /TO EYES AND SKIN OF RABBITS/.

IT IS METABOLIZED TO CARBON MONOXIDE AND BROMIDE.|MASS SPECTRAL STUDIES USING (18)O2 SHOWED THAT (18)O-CO WAS PRODUCED INDICATING THAT OXYGEN WAS INCORPORATED DURING THE REACTION. A PRIMARY DEUTERIUM ISOTOPE EFFECT WAS OBSERVED FOR CONVERSION OF DICHLOROMETHANE TO CARBON MONOXIDE BOTH BY LONG-EVANS RAT HEPATIC MICROSOMAL FRACTIONS & BY STANNOUS PHOSPHATE MODEL SYSTEM. INCUBATION OF DIBROMOMETHANE IN THE MODEL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENCE OF 3,4-DIMETHYLANILINE RESULTED IN FORMATION OF 3,4-FORMOXYLIDIDE, SUPPORTING THE INTERMEDIACY OF A FORMYL HALIDE. A MECHANISM FOR THE METABOLISM OF DIHALOMETHANES TO CARBON MONOXIDE IS PROPOSED.|Halogenated methanes, in particular the brominated homologs, including dibromomethane and tribromomethane were subjected to biochemical decomposition in vitro by the cytochrome p450 rich fraction of the monooxygenase liver system. No significant contribution of GSH addition to the overall rate of metabolism of the halogenated methanes could be observed.|Treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with sodium phenobarbital (50 mg/kg in 0.9% saline for 4 days) or 3-methylcholanthrene (20 mg/kg in corn oil for 2 days) resulted in increased metabolism of dibromomethane (3 m mol/kg) to carbon monoxide.|Biotransformation of dihalomethanes leads to dehalogenation & end product is carbon monoxide. In the case of dichloromethane the carbon monoxide appears to arise from formyl halide. This intermediate, as an alternative to losing carbon monoxide, can covalently bind to cellular protein or lipid. The involvement of nonmicrosomal enzymes in dihalomethane biotransformation leads to prodn of formaldehyde & halide. A necessary step is the reaction of dihalomethane with glutathione, which results in loss of one halide. The resulting halomethylglutathione is postulated to undergo nonenzymatic hydrolytic dehalogenation leaving hydroxymethylglutathione. The next step would result in the release of the hydroxymethyl group as formaldehyde. Alternatively it has been shown that in the presence of formaldehyde dehydrogenase & NAD /nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide/ formic acid can be formed. /Dichloromethane/

... REPEATED 6 HR EXPOSURES /OF DOGS/ TO EITHER 25, 75, OR 150 PPM /METHYLENE BROMIDE/ FOR 90 DAYS. PLASMA CLEARANCE WAS AT LEAST BIPHASIC WITH ILL DEFINED ALPHA PHASE & A TERMINAL PHASE (HALF LIFE 103 + OR - 14 MIN) @ ALL 3 CONCN.

INHALATION: Anesthetic effects, nausea and drunkenness. CONTACT WITH SKIN AND EYES: Skin irritation of eyes and nose. (USCG, 1999)

INHALATION: Remove from exposure. Give oxygen if needed. INGESTION: No specific antidote. CONTACT WITH SKIN AND EYES: Remove contaminated clothing; wash skin or eyes if affected. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Minimize physical activity and provide a quiet atmosphere. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Rinse mouth and administer 5 mI/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

... Exerts ... /CNS depression/ and irritant effects; it causes liver and kidney disorders and produces blood changes incl neutrophil leukocytosis with relative lymphocytosis and vitamin C deficiency. Its toxic effects are in many respects similar to those of bromoform; however, bromoform is more toxic than dibromomethane.|METHYLENE BROMIDE IS MORE TOXIC THAN EITHER METHYLENE CHLORIDE OR METHYLENE CHLOROBROMIDE.

dibromomethane

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, by ingestion and through the skin.

Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Weakness. Unconsciousness.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Methane, dibromo-: ACTIVE|A laboratory preparation involves removing a bromine from bromoform using sodium arsenite.

AOB Method OA-002-1. Volatile Organic Compounds by GC/MS Analysis of Tenax/CMS Cartridge and Summa Canister Samples.|AOB Method VG-011-1. Halogenated and Aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Whole Gas Analyzed by Purge and Trap GC/ELCD/PID.|EAD Method 1624. Volatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GCMS. Detection limit= 10.0 ug/l.|EMSLC Method 502.1. Volatile Halogenated Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography. Revision 2.0.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for DIBROMOMETHANE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.