Cyclopropane

42.08

42.08

200-847-8

99TB643425

1027

DTXSID4058786

COLORLESS GAS

2902199090

0

1.72

Cyclopropane is a colorless gas with a petroleum-like odor. It is shipped as a liquid at 4-6 atms. It is easily ignited. The vapors are heavier than air. Contact with the liquid may cause frostbite. It can asphyxiate by the displacement of air and has a narcotic effect in high concentration (formerly used as an anesthetic gas). Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket.

1.1358 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-127.4 °C

-32.8 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

-100.5±11.7 °C

1.433

3.81X10+2 mg/l water at 35 deg C

5.41X10+3 mm Hg at 25 deg C/ calculated from experimentally derived coefficients/

1.45 (vs air)

Inhalation-Mice LCL0 282 g/m3/2 hours

combustible

10.4%

RESEMBLES THAT OF PETROLEUM ETHER

PUNGENT

8.40e-14 cm3/molecule*sec

LIQUEFIES AT 4-6 ATM|Heat of Fusion: 30.92 cal/g|Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas): 1.1790|Heat of Vaporization: 5897.7 gcal/gmole|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for CYCLOPROPANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Highly Flammable

CYCLOPROPANE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents such as nitric acid. Boiling of the liquid and charring may occur followed by ignition of remaining material and other nearby combustibles. Adsorbed readily by concentrated sulfuric acid [Merck]. In other settings, mostly unreactive. Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, burns exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water. Mixtures with oxygen or air may explode [Merck]. Contact of the cold liquefied gas with water may result in vigorous or violent boiling and extremely rapid vaporization due to the large temperature differences involved. If the water is hot, a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur. Pressures may build to dangerous levels if the liquid contacts water in a closed container, [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980. p. 250].

932 °F (USCG, 1999)|928 °F (497 °C)

-21247 Btu/lb= -11804 cal/g= -493.88X10+5 J/kg

2.4%-10.3%

Molar enthalpy of vaporization: 20.05 kJ/mol at -32.81 °C; 16.93 kJ/mol at 25 °C

Critical Temp: 256.5 °F= 124.7 °C= 397.9 deg K; Critical Pressure: 798 psia= 54.2 atm= 5.50 MN/sq m|Critical Temperature: 125.1 °C; Critical Pressure: 5.57 MPa

2.1

UN 1027 2.1

1

12

9-16-33

GZ0690000

F+

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidant

Explosive when mixed with air

P210, P377, P381, P403

H220

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Methane (UN1971) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 4th degree

|Danger|H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]|P210, P377, P381, and P403|H220 (100%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]|P201, P202, P210, P281, P308+P313, P377, P381, P403, P405, P410+P403, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 154 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P210, P261, P271, P304+P340, P312, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. In fires involving Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (UN1075); Butane, (UN1011); Butylene, (UN1012); Isobutylene, (UN1055); Propylene, (UN1077); Isobutane, (UN1969); and Propane, (UN1978), also refer to BLEVE - SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (ERG page 368). (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. (ERG, 2016)

Self-contained breathing apparatus for high concentrations of vapor; safety goggles or face shield. (USCG, 1999)|Self-contained breathing apparatus for high concn of vapor; safety goggles or face shield.

VERY DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME; CAN REACT WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS.|Flashback along vapor trail may occur.

MIXTURE OF CYCLOPROPANE WITH OXYGEN OR AIR MAY EXPLODE WHEN BROUGHT IN CONTACT WITH A FLAME OR OTHER CAUSES OF IGNITION. EXPLOSIVE LIMITS (% BY VOL IN AIR), LOWER: 2.41; UPPER: 10.3. THE EXPLOSIBILITY IS GREATER THAN THAT OF OTHER ANESTHETIC-OXYGEN MIXTURES BECAUSE OF THE COMPARATIVELY LARGER AMT OF OXYGEN THAT ARE COMPATIBLE WITH CYCLOPROPANE ANESTHESIA.|THE EXPLOSIVE RANGE OF CYCLOPROPANE IN...OXYGEN, 2.5 TO 60%.|Containers may explode in fire.|Explosion Hazard: Moderate in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame.

STOP FLOW OF GAS, THEN USE CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL, OR WATER SPRAY.|Cool exposed containers and protect men effecting shutoff with water.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Methane (UN1971) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.|/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.|/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas.|/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CYCLOPROPANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 4 - Materials that rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperature or that are readily dispersed in air and burn readily.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Cyclopropane was identified in stack emissions from a waste incinerator plant(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Cyclopropane was identified, but not quantitated, in air samples from Pretoria, Johannesburg, and Durban, South Africa, between 1975 and 1976(1).

practically nontoxic

ONE SERIOUS DRUG INTERACTION INVOLVES SENSITIZATION OF MYOCARDIUM TO CATECHOLAMINES BY CYCLOPROPANE & SOME HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS... IN PRESENCE OF THESE, ADMIN OF EPINEPHRINE, ISOPROTERENOL, OR LEVARTERENOL MARKEDLY INCREASES INCIDENCE OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.|VENTILATION IS PROGRESSIVELY DEPRESSED AS ANESTHESIA IS DEEPENED, PARTICULARLY IF A NARCOTIC ANALGESIC HAS BEEN USED FOR PREMEDICATION...|THE DOSE OF NONDEPOLARIZING NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS (TUBOCURARINE, METOCURINE, PANCURONIUM, & GALLAMINE) SHOULD BE REDUCED WHEN USED WITH CYCLOPROPANE...BECAUSE THESE ANESTHETICS POTENTIATE MUSCLE RELAXANT EFFECTS OF NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING DRUGS.|ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS EG ATROPINE, SCOPOLAMINE, & GLYCOPYRROLATE...ARE...USED TO PROTECT AGAINST BRADYCARDIA, HYPOTENSION, & EVEN CARDIAC ARREST INDUCED BY...CYCLOPROPANE...

Cyclopropane's production and use in organic syntheses(1) will result in its release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 210(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow of 1.72(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclopropane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cyclopropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.79 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from experimental values for vapor pressure, 5.4X10+3 mm Hg(4) and water solubility, 380 mg/l(5). The potential for volatilization of cyclopropane from dry soil surfaces may exist based on a measured vapor pressure of 5.4X10+3 mm Hg(4,SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 210(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow of 1.72(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclopropane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Cyclopropane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.79 atm-cu m/mole(4,5,SRC). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.9 hours and 2.6 days, respectively(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 12(3,SRC), from an experimental log Kow of 1.72(2,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyclopropane, which has an experimental vapor pressure of 5.4X10+3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclopropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the estimated half-life for this reaction in air is about 230 days(3,SRC).

The experimental rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclopropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 0.07X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 230 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Cyclopropane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis or direct photolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups to hydrolyze(2,SRC) or its lack of ability to absorb light in the environmental spectrum(SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 12 was calculated for cyclopropane(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 1.72(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of cyclopropane is estimated as approximately 210(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 1.72(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyclopropane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for cyclopropane is estimated as 0.79 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 5.4X10+3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 380 mg/l(2). This value indicates that cyclopropane will volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 1.9 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 2.6 days(3,SRC). Cyclopropane is expected to volatilize from moist soil surfaces given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.79 atm-cu m/mole(1,2,SRC). The potential for volatilization of cyclopropane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on a measured vapor pressure of 5.4X10+3 mm Hg(1).

Occupational exposure to cyclopropane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where it is produced or used. (SRC)

Anesthetics|/FORMER USE:/WITH CYCLOPROPANE, THE MARGIN OF SAFETY IS FAIRLY WIDE, 13% TO 20% PRODUCING ANESTHESIA AND 40% RESPIRATORY ARREST.|/FORMER USE:/ IT IS THE MOST POTENT OF THE ANESTHETIC GASES, BEING APPROX FIVE TIMES AS POTENT AS ETHYLENE & SEVEN TIMES AS POTENT AS NITROUS OXIDE.|/FORMER USE:/ MEDICATION (VET): INHALATION ANESTHETIC

SECOND GAS EFFECT. ...INCREASED INSPIRATORY VOL CARRIES WITH IT ANY OTHER GAS GIVEN CONCOMITANTLY AND HENCE WILL ACCELERATE THE RISE OF ALVEOLAR CONCN OF SECOND GAS.|CYCLOPROPANE CAUSES NEONATAL DEPRESSION.|POSTANESTHETIC HYPOTENSION, DELIRIUM AND HEADACHE ARE MORE FREQUENT THAN AFTER THE USE OF OTHER AGENTS.|PUPILLARY SIZE TENDS TO INCREASE BOTH DURING PROFOUND ANESTHESIA & DURING EMERGENCE... LACRIMATION MAY OCCUR... EYEBALL MOVEMENTS USUALLY OCCUR IN PLANE 1... AT PROFOUND LEVELS PROPTOSIS IS COMMON. ... ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IS USUALLY LITTLE AFFECTED BY CONCN OF CYCLOPROPANE CAUSING SURGICAL ANESTHESIA, ALTHOUGH SEVERE REDN MAY OCCUR WHEN HEMORRHAGE, MYOCARDIAL DISEASE, OR SEPSIS IS PRESENT.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for CYCLOPROPANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. (See all compounds classified as Anesthetics.)

CYCLOPROPANE IS RAPIDLY ABSORBED AND ALMOST ENTIRELY ELIMINATED BY WAY OF THE LUNGS; A SMALL AMT DIFFUSES THROUGH THE SKIN AND AN ADDITIONAL SMALL AMOUNT (ROUGHLY 0.5%) IS METABOLIZED IN THE BODY...

...A SMALL AMT (ROUGHLY 0.5%) IS METABOLIZED IN THE BODY AND EXCRETED AS CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER...|NON-STEADY STATE METABOLISM OF INHALATION ANESTHETICS DURING ANESTHESIA & RECOVERY WAS SIMULATED WITH LINEAR & NON-LINEAR WHOLE BODY COMPARTMENTAL MODEL. THESE TWO MODELS WERE STUDIED FOR NINE ANESTHETICS DURING 1 MINUTE ALVEOLAR CONCN ANESTHESIA LASTING 1, 4 AND 8 HR AND RECOVERY FROM 5 TO 10 DAYS. BOTH MODELS DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANT METABOLISM FOR SEVERAL DAYS FOLLOWING ANESTHESIA. FOR THE LINEAR MODEL, BOTH THE PERCENTAGE AND THE MOLAR QUANTITY OF ANESTHETIC METABOLIZED INCREASED WITH INCREASED DURATION OF ANESTHESIA, INCREASED ANESTHETIC FAT SOLUBILITY AND INCREASED ASSUMED RATE OF HEPATIC METABOLISM. FOR THE NON-LINEAR MODEL, THE DURATION OF ANESTHESIA HAD LITTLE EFFECT ON THE PERCENTAGE METABOLIZED BUT DEMONSTRATED INCREASED MOLAR QUANTITIES OF ANESTHETIC METABOLIZED WITH INCREASED DURATION OF ANESTHESIA AND INCREASED FAT SOLUBILITY.

The effect of several inhalation and iv anesthetics, alone or in combination, on brain electric activity during evoked cortical response was studied in rats. All of the anesthetics affect the evoked sensory response in a manner which suggests a common site of anesthetic action, namely, the perturbation of normal modulation exerted upon the ventrobasal thalamus by the thalamic reticular nucleus which is remarkably susceptible to the action of these agents.

Inhalation causes some analgesia, anesthesia, pupil dilation, shallow depth of respirations, decreasing muscle tone. Contact with liquid may cause frostbite. (USCG, 1999)

INHALATION: remove promptly to fresh air; if symptoms of asphyxia- tion persist, administer artificial respiration and oxygen; treat symptomatically thereafter. SKIN: if frostbite has occurred, apply warm water; treat burn. (USCG, 1999)

For immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Simple asphyxiants and related compounds/|For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... Use rapid rewarming techniques if frost bite occurs ... . /Simple asphyxiants and related compounds/

CYCLOPROPANE INCR IRRITABILITY OF PACEMAKER & CONDUCTION TISSUES & VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS CAN OCCUR, ESPECIALLY IF ANESTHESIA IS DEEP OR VENTILATION IS INADEQUATE & HYPERCAPNIA DEVELOPS.|CYCLOPROPANE IS MINIMALLY IRRITATING TO THE RESPIRATORY TRACT, AND THEREFORE, RESPIRATORY ALTERATIONS SUCH AS BREATH-HOLDING, TACHYPNEA AND COUGHING ARE LESS FREQUENT... LARYNGO-SPASM MAY DEVELOP DURING INDUCTION... DELIRIUM DURING INDUCTION IS NOT UNCOMMON.|A VARIETY OF ARRHYTHMIAS MAY OCCUR DURING THE ADMINISTRATION OF CYCLOPROPANE, INCLUDING SINUS BRADYCARDIA, ATRIAL EXTRASYSTOLES, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, A-V NODAL RHYTHMS, VENTRICULAR EXTRASYSTOLES, AND BIGEMINAL RHYTHM.|THERE IS NO EVIDENCE THAT CYCLOPROPANE IS HEPATOTOXIC...|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CYCLOPROPANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

cyclopropane

APPROX 100% AS GENERAL ANESTHETIC (1976)

GRADES: TECHNICAL; USP; 99.5% MIN.

Cyclopropane: ACTIVE|... Cyclopropane was perhaps the most widely used general anesthetic ... However, with the increasing risk of explosion in the operating room brought about by the use of electronic equipment, the need for a safe,nonflammable anesthetic increased ... .|MAJOR ARGUMENTS SUPPORTING RETENTION OF OPTION TO USE INFLAMMABLE ANESTHETICS SUCH AS CYCLOPROPANE ARE PRESENTED AS WELL AS THE PRINCIPAL GROUNDS FOR A BAN ON USE OF SUCH AGENTS.

MODIFICATION OF WAGNER ET AL (1976) GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE TRACER INERT GASES INCL CYCLOPROPANE IN BLOOD & EXPIRED GAS SAMPLES IS DESCRIBED.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 4th degree