Zirconium oxychloride

178.13

175.83700

231-717-9

115914

1759

DTXSID9049823

White, silky crystals|White solid|Crystals or white solid

2827491000

17.07000

1.26020

Clear colorless Liquid

1.344 g/mL at 25 °C

260 °C

410 °F at 760 mm Hg (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in methanol. Insoluble in organic solvents; aqueous solutions are acidic

Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder. Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition sources and untrained individuals. Secure and label area. Protect containers/cylinders from physical damage.

Loses 6 water at 140 °C, 8 water at 210 °C|Readily effloresces, and hydrates with 5-7 H2O are common; salt cannot be dried to the anhydrous form; decomposes to ZrCl4 and ZrO2 at 250 °C|Tetrahedron crystals. MP: 400 °C. Density: 1.91 g/cu cm. Very soluble in water, ethanol. /Zirconium oxychloride octahydrate/

Water soluble. Forms corrosive acidic solutions.

Salts, Acidic

Acidic salts, such as ZIRCONIUM OXYCHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.

III

8

UN 1789

1

23-34-37-20/21/22-36/38

26-36-45-36/37/39-36/37

ZH7700000

C,Xn

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, water, moisture, alkali metals.

P260-P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

H290-H314-H335

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|Disposal is usually carried out by neutralization with lime under controlled conditions at a licensed waste material processor.

Zirconium oxychloride passing into water will become hydrolyzed rapidly at pHs around 7 to give hydrous zirconia which is extremely insoluble in water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2016)

|Danger|H290 (37.72%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]|P234, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P390, P404, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 150 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P304+P340, P307+P311, P312, P321, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P304+P340, P307+P311, P308+P313, P312, P321, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Safety glasses or face shield; protective gloves; dust mask (USCG, 1999)|Clothing contaminated with zirconium oxychloride, zirconyl acetate, or zirconium tetrachloride should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of containment from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the contaminant, the person performing the operation should be informed of contaminant's hazardous properties.|Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with zirconium oxide, zirconium oxychloride, zirconyl acetate or zirconium tetrachloride should be removed promptly and not reworn until the contaminant is removed from the clothing.|Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-in minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with zirconium oxide, zirconium oxychloride, zirconyl acetate, or liquids containing these compounds, and to prevent skin contact with zirconium tetrachloride or liquids containing zirconium tetrachloride, where skin contact may occur. /Zirconium compounds/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for ZIRCONIUM OXYCHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation... . /Zirconium compound (as Zr)/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

... zirconium oxychloride can irritate the respiratory tract and other superficial surfaces of the body on exposure.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Zirconium compounds (as Zr)/|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 5 mg/cu m; STEL 10 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Zirconium compounds (as Zr)/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 5 mg/cu m /Zirconium compounds (as Zr)/ [Note: The REL applies to all zirconium compounds (as Zr) except zirconium tetrachloride.]|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Minute Short Term Exposure Limit: 10 mg/cu m /Zirconium compounds (as Zr)/ [Note: The REL applies to all zirconium compounds (as Zr) except Zirconium tetrachloride.]

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Zirconium oxychloride is a white solid. It is used to make other zirconium compounds; to precipitate acid dyes; to prepare high quality pigment toners; as a water repellent, chemical reagent and as an oil-field acidizing aid. It has also been used in preparation of body deodorants and antiperspirant preparations. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Acute poisoning from ingestion of zirconium oxychloride resulted in the following symptoms: burning pain in the mouth and throat, vomiting, watery or bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, retching, hemolysis, hematuria, anuria, liver damage with jaundice, convulsions, hypotension, and collapse. Through its hydrolysis to hydrochloric acid, zirconium oxychloride can irritate the respiratory tract and other superficial surfaces of the body on exposure. ANIMAL STUDIES: Zirconium oxyxhloride has relatively low acute toxicity (LD50 rat oral 3,500 mg/kg, LD50 rat ip 400 mg/kg, LD50 rat sc 1227 mg/kg, LD50 mouse ip 335 mg/kg). Exposure to pure zirconium oxychloride on smooth and striated muscle in rabbits and cats indicated that normal peristaltic action in rabbits was slowed at 1 mM concentration but the effect was less noticeable in cats. The effects were reversible on washing with Ringer's solution. At 0.006 mM concentration, zirconium oxychloride shortened amplitude of movement of auricle and ventricle of rabbit heart and constricted coronary arteries. The latter effect appeared irreversible. Ig M antibody production was studied in male mice ip injected with zirconium oxychloride. It was concluded that the chemical may have an adjuvant like activity in relation to humoral immune response. The response of Ig M antibody production due to zirconium exposure may depend on the physiological balance between the injected dose and the ability to excrete the metal. The effect of a single oral exposure to different concentrations of zirconium oxychloride was studied on bone marrow chromosomes of mice. The findings indicated that the metal may stimulate division in lymphocytes at lower concentrations than expected. These single dose exposures significantly enhanced the frequency of aberrant metaphases. The percentages of total abnormalities were increased in both sexes at all concentrations. The degree of increase was directly related to the concentration used. In general, the abnormalities produced were relatively higher in females than in males. Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay (TA 97, TA 98, TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 100) was negative for zirconium oxychloride with or without activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Zirconium oxychloride precipitates phosphate and limits algal growth at fairly low concentrations (100 ppm) at a pH range of 2-11. At this concentration, ZrOCl2 does not seem to be harmful either to the tested fish (Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarius sp.) or algae (Anabaena doliolum and Chlorella vulgaris). The acute toxicity of zirconium oxychloride to Tubifex tubifex was studied under semi-static conditions. Tubifex tubifex were exposed to control and test chemical following a logarithmic scale for 96 hours. No significant immobilization was observed after 96 hours exposure.

The interaction between two group IV metals, the highly toxic lead and the relatively inactive and low toxic zirconium, was studied in the bone marrow chromosomes of Mus musculus /(mice)/ in vivo. Low and high doses of zirconium oxychloride were fed orally to the experimental mice (i) 2 hr before, (ii) 2 hr after or (iii) together with different doses of lead nitrate. Protection against lead-induced clastogenicity was observed only when the lower dose of zirconium was administered prior to lead. All other combinations gave an additive or synergistic effect as was seen by significant increases in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations.

LD50 Rat oral 3,500 mg/kg|LD50 Rat ip 400 mg/kg|LD50 Rat sc 1227 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 335 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A potentially promising method of controlling eutrophication by means of zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2) a chemical precipitant for phosphate, is described. ZrOCl2 precipitates phosphate and limits algal growth at fairly low concentrations (100 ppm) at a pH range of 2-11. At this concentration, ZrOCl2 does not seem to be harmful either to the tested fish (Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarius sp.) or algae (Anabaena doliolum and Chlorella vulgaris).|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute toxicity of zirconium dichloride oxide to Tubifex tubifex was studied under semi-static conditions according to APHA method. Tubifex tubifex were exposed to control and test chemical following a logarithmic scale for 96 hours. Mortality and immobilization were recorded at intervals of 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 33, 48 and 96 hours. No significant immobilization was observed after 96 hours exposure.

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facility estimated the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed manufacturing, processing, or use of zirconium oxychloride in the United States may be as low as 55 workers and as high as 99 workers; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 8,072 workers (none of these were female) were potentially exposed to zirconium oxychloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to zirconium oxychloride may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where zirconium oxychloride is produced or used(SRC).

Has only a mild pharmacological action. Inhalation of dust may irritate nose and throat. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)

INHALATION: move to fresh air. INGESTION: give large amount of water. EYES or SKIN: flush with water. (USCG, 1999)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute poisoning from ingestion of Zr oxychloride resulted in the following symptoms: burning pain in the mouth and throat, vomiting, watery or bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, retching, hemolysis, hematuria, anuria, liver damage with jaundice, convulsions, hypotension, and collapse. Through its hydrolysis to hydrochloric acid, zirconium oxychloride can irritate the respiratory tract and other superficial surfaces of the body on exposure.|/GENOTOXICITY/ The addition of different concentrations of aqueous zirconium oxychloride solution to human peripheral blood leucocyte cultures, obtained from healthy donors, increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the cells compared with untreated controls. The degree of enhancement in the occurrence of aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges was directly related to the concentrations used. The most common aberrations were chromatid breaks. The clastogenic effects of this metal in human leucocyte cultures have been reported for the first time.|/GENOTOXICITY/ Aqueous solutions of zirconium oxychloride were added to human peripheral blood lymphocyte culture. Cultures were set up from healthy donors of both sexes belonging to age groups of 0-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60 years. Air-dried Giemsa schedule was followed for preparation of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei count. Flourescence plus Giemsa staining techniques were applied for the study of sister chromatid exchange. The endpoints screened were chromosome and chromatid breaks, dicentrics and rearrangements. The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges induced were compared between the samples of different age groups. The frequency of CA could not be related to age of the donor. However, the frequency of SCE increased with increase in age of female donor.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Granuloma formation has not been reported after topical applications of the oxychloride in 54 subjects, although other soluble compounds of zirconium are known to induce granulomas of an allergic nature.

zirconium chloride oxide

Grades: Technical; 36% ZrO2; High Purity.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Zirconium, dichlorooxo-: ACTIVE|Aqueous zirconyl chloride solutions have considerable solvent action on sparingly soluble sulfates, such as calcium sulfate.|Naturally occurring zirconium contains five isotopes. Thirty-one other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known to exist.