Tungsten

183.84

183.95100

231-143-9

V9306CXO6G

1404

3089|1325

DTXSID8052481

Steel-gray to tin-white metal; body centered cubic structure|CRYSTALLINE FORM GRAY-BLACK, CUBIC|Hard, brittle, steel-gray to tin-white solid.

QI09AA01

81011000

0

0.00000

Silver-gray wire

18.7-19.3 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

3410 °C

5900 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

-23 °C

Insoluble

Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Flammables-area. Do not expose to air. Store under an inert atmos

0 mmHg (approx)

Abdominal cavity-rat LD50: 5000 mg/kg

Spontaneously ignitable in air; toxic tungsten oxide fumes are released in the fire

Very pure tungsten can be cut with hacksaw and forged, spun, drawn, and extruded; impure metal brittle, worked with difficulty|NOT AFFECTED BY SULFUR OR PHOSPHORUS; GOOD ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY|VIGOROUS REACTION WITH BROMINE TRIFLUORIDE, CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE; REACTION WITH FLUORINE MAY BE INCANDESCENT|Corroded by sea water.|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for TUNGSTEN, ELEMENTAL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water

Metals, Less Reactive

TUNGSTEN is stable at room temperature. Very slowly attacked by nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and aqua regia. Dissolved by a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. No reaction with aqueous bases. Attacked rapidly by molten alkaline melts such as Na2O2 or KNO3/NaOH. Vigorous reactions with bromine trifluoride and chlorine trifluoride. Becomes incandescent upon heating with lead oxide; becomes incandescent in cold fluorine and with iodine pentafluoride. Combustible in the form of finely divided powder and may ignite spontaneously.

>=100 °C

Combustible in the form of finely divided powder; may ignite spontaneously.

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air.

1150 cal/g

III

4.1

UN 3089 4.1/PG 2

11-36/38-67-65-62-51/53-48/20-38

6-26-36-62-61-36/37-16

YO7175000

F,Xi,N,Xn

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; the package is airtight

Stable. Dust is flammable, though not likely to present a hazard if normal good practice is used.

P210-P305 + P351 + P338

H228-H315-H319

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Bromine trifluoride, chlorine trifluoride, fluorine, iodine, pentafluoride.|The powdered metal may ignite on contact with air or oxidants (e.g., bromine pentafluoride; bromine; chlorine trifluoride; potassium perchlorate; potassium dichromate; nitryl fluoride; fluorine; oxygen difluoride; iodine pentafluoride; hydrogen sulfide; sodium peroxide; lead(IV)oxide).|Powdered molybdenum or tungsten mixed with lead dioxide becomes incandescent when heated.|Chlorine trifluoride reacts vigorously with ... tungsten, producing flame.|The reaction between fluorine and tungsten is accompanied by incandenscence.

A REVIEW WITH MANY REFERENCES ON THE METABOLISM & TOXICITY OF TUNGSTEN.[KAZANTZIS G; TOXICOLOGY OF METALS. TUNGSTEN; USEPA OFF RES DEV (REP) EPA EPA-600/1-77-022 TOXICOL MET VOL 2 PB-268 324 442 (1977)]

Highly flammable when finely divided.|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Warning|H228 (100%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]|P210, P235+P410, P240, P241, P280, P370+P378, P407, P413, and P420|Aggregated GHS information provided by 687 companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P264, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P313

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. NO water. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 50 mg/cu m. Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any supplied-air respirator. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.|(See protection codes)

FINELY DIVIDED FORM IS HIGHLY FLAMMABLE & MAY IGNITE SPONTANEOUSLY.|POWDERED TUNGSTEN CAN BE PYROPHORIC UNDER RIGHT CONDITIONS.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|VENTILATION CONTROL: ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ENGINEERING CONTROL MEASURES IS VENTILATION- EITHER GENERAL OR LOCAL EXHAUST. /TUNGSTEN/|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

A skin & eye irritant.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Tungsten/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 3 mg/cu m. /Tungsten and insoluble compounds, as W/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

See Chemical Dangers. Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids. Well closed.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged inhalation of dust particles may cause effects on the lungs.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Tungsten is a naturally occurring element. It occurs in rocks and minerals combined with other chemicals, but never as a pure metal. Elemental tungsten is a white to steel gray metal (depending on the purity) that can be used in pure form or mixed with other metals to make alloys. Tungsten alloys tend to be strong and flexible, resist wear, and conduct electricity well. Tungsten is used in products such as x-ray tubes, light bulbs, high-speed tools, welding electrodes, turbine blades, golf clubs, darts, fishing weights, gyroscope wheels, phonograph needles, bullets, and armor penetrators. Tungsten is also used as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions. Chemical compounds of tungsten are used for many purposes. Cemented tungsten carbide is a hard substance used to make grinding wheels and cutting or forming tools. Other tungsten compounds are used in ceramic pigments, as fire retardant coatings for fabrics, and as color-resistant dyes for fabrics.

ONLY VERY SMALL CONCN OF TUNGSTEN...IN ATMOSPHERE...RELATED TO INDUST EMISSIONS OR...NUCLEAR FALLOUT. LEVELS...USUALLY...LESS THAN 1.5 NG/CU M IN AIR. ...ISOTOPES...PRODUCED IN NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS ON SOME OCCASIONS IN LARGE AMT. THESE...WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN ENVIRONMENT PRIMARILY AS TUNGSTIC OXIDE.

practically nontoxic

LD50 Rat ip 5 g/kg bw /Tungsten metal powder/

The average tungsten concentration in the earth's crust is about 0.006%. Tungsten occurs naturally as tungstate, mainly in compounds such as wolframaites and scheelites. Tungsten exists in several oxidation states, 0, 2+, 3+, 4+, 5+, and 6+. The most stable is 6+ with the lower states being relatively unstable. Tungsten exist as ions in combination with one or more elements, e.g., oxygen. The production and use of tungsten compounds as catalysts (e.g., tungsten oxides and sulfides); cutting and forming tools (e.g., tungsten carbide); filaments (e.g., tungsten metal and alloys); and dyes and pigments (e.g., organic tungsten) may result in the release of tungsten to the environment through various waste streams. Only small concentrations of tungsten have been released into the atmosphere primarily by industrial emissions and nuclear fall-out. If released to air, most tungsten compounds have low vapor pressures and will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase tungsten compounds may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, tungsten compounds will have moderate to low mobility based upon a sorption coefficients ranging from 10 to 50,000 at pHs 5 to 6.5. Tungsten compounds are will exist as ions or insoluble solids in the environment and therefore volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not be an important fate process. Tungsten compounds will not volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon their ionic character and low vapor pressures. If released into water, tungsten compounds will adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon their range or sorption coefficients. Tungsten in natural waters is in the form of tungstate (i.e., WO4- 2) and other tungsten polyanions. Tungsten compounds will exist as ions or insoluble solids in the environment and therefore volatilization from water surfaces will not be an important fate process. Occupational exposure to tungsten compounds may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tungsten compounds are produced or used. (SRC)

REDUCED METAL, AIR CONCN OF TUNGSTEN...OF 10...MG/CU M OBTAINED.|LONG INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE...HAS INDICATED NO PNEUMOCONIOSIS TO DEVELOP AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED SOLELY TO W... AIR CONCN OF TUNGSTEN WERE OF THE ORDER OF 5 MG/CU M. ... AEROSOL PARTICLES IN THE 0.5-1 UM RANGE ARE ABUNDANT AROUND POWDER METALLURGY OPERATIONS WHICH UTILIZE TUNGSTEN METAL...|TUNGSTEN POISONING GENERALLY OCCURS AFTER CONTINUED EXPOSURE TO INDUST DUSTS & VAPORS IN REFINING OF TUNGSTEN OR AFTER ACCIDENTAL INGESTION OF TUNGSTATES.

Active immunisation of pigs from the age of 10 weeks to prevent the mortality and clinical signs of Aujeszky's disease and to reduce the excretion of Aujeszky's disease field virus. Passive immunisation of the progeny of vaccinated gilts and sows to reduce mortality and clinical signs of Aujeszky's disease and to reduce the excretion of Aujeszky's disease field virus.

3. 3= MODERATLEY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 0.5-5 G/KG, BETWEEN 1 OZ & 1 PINT (OR 1 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

RATS...FED...100 DAYS ON DIETS IN WHICH TUNGSTEN...AS FINELY GROUND METAL, /OR/ TUNGSTEN OXIDE... PRINCIPLE SITES OF DEPOSITION WERE BONE & SPLEEN WITH TRACE QUANTITIES (LESS THAN 1.0 MG %...) IN KIDNEY & LIVER & IN SOME ANIMALS IN BLOOD, LUNG, MUSCLE & TESTES.|IN RAT FOLLOWING INGESTION OF (185)W 40% OF DOSE...EXCRETED IN URINE AFTER 24 HR & ABOUT 58%...ELIMINATED IN FECES OR HAD REMAINED UNABSORBED IN GUT WITH ONLY 2% REMAINING IN TISSUES. ... FOLLOWING INHALATION OF A (181)W-LABELLED TUNGSTIC OXIDE AEROSOL BY BEAGLE DOGS, 60% OF INHALED ACTIVITY WAS DEPOSITED IN RESP TRACT.|IN MAN TRACE QUANTITIES OF TUNGSTEN...EXCRETED IN URINE & ELIMINATED IN FECES. IN LIMITED STUDY ON 4 NORMAL YOUNG ADULTS WITHOUT SPECIFIC EXPOSURE ELIMINATION BY THESE 2 ROUTES OVER 24-HR PERIODS BALANCED TUNGSTEN INTAKE...WITH ONLY SMALL POSITIVE & NEGATIVE VARIATIONS.|URINARY EXCRETION...RANGED FROM 2.0-13.0 UG/24 HR IN 4 SUBJECTS OVER 8 EST. FECAL ELIMINATION...1.6-5.7 UG TUNGSTEN/24 HR. ...HEALTHY YOUNG MALE & FEMALE ADULTS...|Following ingestion, tungsten is eliminated in urine & feces. Following parenteral injection, tungsten is eliminated principally in urine, with excretion complete at 12 hr after admin. After ingestion, tungsten accumulates in rat bones & spleen, with some deposition in the kidneys & liver; traces were detected in the lung, testes, & skeletal muscle.

INHALED TUNGSTIC OXIDE IN DOGS REMOVED WITH BIOL T/2 OF LITTLE LESS THAN 9 HR FOR 94% OF ACTIVITY IN VISCERAL AREA WITH LONGEST T/2 OF 139 DAYS FOR 1.6% ACTIVITY.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; diffuse pulmonary fibrosis; loss of appetite, nausea, cough; blood changes Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, blood (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. Other measures are usually unnecessary. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

...NO ILL EFFECTS IN PT GIVEN 25-80 G POWDERED TUNGSTEN METAL BY MOUTH AS SUBSTITUTE FOR BARIUM IN RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS.|THERE ARE NO DATA AVAIL ON OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO COMPD OF TUNGSTEN WHICH INCRIMINATE THESE AS TOXIC OR HAZARDOUS AGENTS.

Tungsten

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; diffuse pulmonary fibrosis; loss of appetite, nausea, cough; blood changes

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)|Eyes, skin, respiratory system, blood

METAL WIRE, ROD, & SHEET (EG, FOR ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS) 53%; CUTTING AND WEAR RESISTANT ALLOYS, 43%; OTHER NON-STEEL ALLOYS, 4%|Metalworking, mining and construction machinery and equipment, 70%; lamps and lighting, 10%; electrical machinery and equipment, 8%; transportation, 8%; and other, 4% (1986)|70% of tungsten consumed in US went into making cemented carbide parts to be used as cutting and wear-resistant materials primarily in the metal working, oil and gas drilling, mining, and construction industries; the remaining tungsten was consumed in making lamp filaments, electrodes, and other components for the electrical and electronics industries, 17%; steels, super alloys, and wear-resistant alloys, 12%; and chemicals for catalysts and pigments, 1%.

Grades: technical; powder; single crystals; granules, ultrapure of 50-600 U.

Computer and electronic product manufacturing|Tungsten: ACTIVE|...isolation processes: KC Li, CY Wang, Tungsten, ACS Monograph Series no 94 (Reinhold, NY, 3rd ed, 1955) pp 113-269; GD Rieck, Tungsten and its Compd (Pergamon Press, NY, 1967) 154 pp.

Chemical Classes -> Inorganic substances|Veterinary drugs -> Suvaxyn Aujeszky 783 + O/W -> EMA Drug Category|Immunologicals -> Veterinary pharmacotherapeutic group|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree