Ethyne, dichloro-

94.92740

94.93

95I833JV4S

1426

DTXSID7020429

Colorless oil|Liquid (or colorless gas at elevated temperatures)

0

1.38240

Volatile oil with a disagreeable, sweetish odor. Mp: -68 to -65°C; bp: 32-34°C. Density: 1.38 g cm-3. Is not produced commercially.

1.261 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-66--64 °C

33 °C

7.3ºC

1.474

Solubility in water: none

570 mm Hg @ 25 deg C /Estimated/

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 3.3

Combustible Liquid

Severe explosion hazard.

Disagreeable, sweetish odor

Henry's Law constant = 2.0X10-2 atm-cu m/mole @ 25 °C /Estimated/

Volatile liquid|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 25 °C /Estimated/|Ozone rate constant = 0.000061X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 25 °C /Estimated/

Ignites or explodes upon contact with air (MCA Case History 1989 (1974)).

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Explosive

DICHLOROACETYLENE is a reducing agent. Incompatible with oxidizing agents. Can ignite or explode on contact with air or if heated. Can explode if shocked. Burns in the presence of chlorine to form phosgene (Ann. Chem. 640:5(1961)).

Combustible Liquid

I

4.2

UN 2845

2-40-48/20

36/37

AP1080000

E,Xn

Fireproof. Separated from strong acids and oxidants. Cool. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Acetylene is used as a stabilizer; in the presence of trichloroethylene its stability is considerably increased.

P201, P202, P260, P281, P308+P313, P314, P372, P373, P380, P401, P405, P501

H200

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Reacts violently with oxidants and with acids.|Ignition of a 58 mol percent solution in ether on exposure to air of high humidity, and violent explosion of a concentrated solution in carbon tetrachloride shortly after exposure to air have been reported. Stirring the ethereal solution with tap water usually caused ignition and explosion.|Oxidizers, heat, shock.

Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. Explosive.|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree

|Danger|H200: Unstable Explosive [Danger Explosives]|P201, P202, P260, P281, P308+P313, P314, P372, P373, P380, P401, P405, and P501|H200 (100%): Unstable Explosive [Danger Explosives]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 87 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Use water spray, foam, carbon dioxide. Combat fire from a sheltered position. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|Respirator Recommendations: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.|Respirator Recommendations: Escape: (Assigned protection factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for DICHLOROACETYLENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Spontaneously combustible.

Dichloroacetylene is ...a heat-sensitive explosive gas which ignites in contact with air.|Severe explosion hazard.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.

Dichloroacetylene can cause ... eye irritation and mucous membrane irritation ...

Recommended Exposure Limit: Ceiling Value: 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/cu m).|NIOSH considers dichloroacetylene to be a potential occupational carcinogen. NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic vapours of low boiling point adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.

Fireproof. Separated from strong acids and oxidants. Cool. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance may cause effects on the nervous system and kidneys. This may result in tissue lesions, impaired functions and kidney impairment.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with acids or oxidizing agents. NO contact with hot surfaces. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT expose to friction or shock.

STRICT HYGIENE!

Use closed system or ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Dichloroacetylene concentrations in air at an unspecified location have been measured over the range of 0.4 to 40 mg/cu m(1).

LC50 Mouse inhalation 124 ppm/1 hr|LC50 Mouse inhalation 19 ppm/4 hr|LC50 Rat inhalation 219 ppm/4 hr (95% confidence interval: 201-239 ppm) /Dichloroacetylene-ether mixture/ /from table/|LC50 Guinea pig inhalation 52 ppm/4 hr (95% confidence interval: 47-58 ppm) /Dichloroacetylene-ether mixture/ /from table/|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for DICHLOROACETYLENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dichloroacetylene does not occur as a natural product(1).

Dichloroacetylene's release as a byproduct in the production of vinylidine chloride or in the dehydrochlorination of trichloroethylene, from exposure of trichloroethylene vapor to Hopcalite in a closed environmental system (submarine) or soda lime in close circuit (rebreathing) anesthesia machines, and from exposure of trichloroethylene liquid in degreaser tanks(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 44(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichloroacetylene is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dichloroacetylene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of dichloroacetylene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 570 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 44(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichloroacetylene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.0 hours and 93 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.4(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.1(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dichloroacetylene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 570 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dichloroacetylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 110 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichloroacetylene with ozone has been estimated as 6.1X10-22 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 19,000 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichloroacetylene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 110 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichloroacetylene with ozone has been estimated as 6.1X10-22 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 19,000 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). Dichloroacetylene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(4) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

An estimated BCF of 1.4 was calculated for dichloroacetylene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.1(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for dichloroacetylene can be estimated to be 44(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dichloroacetylene is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dichloroacetylene is estimated as 2.0X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dichloroacetylene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1.0 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.9 days(SRC). Dichloroacetylene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of dichloroacetylene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 570 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

As dichloroacetylene may occur as a byproduct in the production of vinylidine chloride or as a byproduct in the deyhyrochlorination of trichloroethylene(1), occupational exposure to dichloroacetylene may occur through inhalation of vapor or dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where vinylidine chloride or trichloroethylene are produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dichloroacetylene via inhalation of ambient air containing dichloroacetylene(SRC).

The metabolism of inhaled 14(C)dichloroacetylene has been studied in male Wistar rats exposed to 20 or 40 ppm (78 or 156 mg/cu m) atmospheres for 1 hr. During the next 96 hr, elimination of retained (approximately 17%) 20 and 40 ppm doses, respectively, was: urine, 68% and 60%; feces, 28% and 27%. About 3.5% remained in the carcasses.|Using a nose-only dynamic system, ...rats /were given 14C-dichloroacetylene/ for 1 hr at concentrations of 20 or 40 ppm. Retention rates of 17.6 and 15.6% of the radioactivity were reported for 20 and 40 ppm, respectively. Elimination of radioactivity was almost quantitative in 96 hr. Elimination of radioactivity in urine was 67.8% at 20 ppm and 60% at 40 ppm. Elimination in feces was 27.5% at 20 ppm and 27% at 40 ppm. Only 3.4 to 3.5% remained in the carcass.

Glutathione conjugation has been shown in rats following inhalation of dichloroacetylene. ...S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG) /was identified/ as a product of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent metabolism of /dichloroacetylene/ (DCA) in vitro and ...N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (N-Ac-DCVC) /was identified/ as a urinary metabolite of DCA in rats. The product, DCVG, was definitively identified by H-NMR spectrometry (400 MHz), mass spectrometry and UV spectroscopy. N-Ac-DCVC was identified as a urinary metabolite from rats by GC/MS after esterification. Urine (collected for 24 hr) from male rats exposed to 36 n 5 ppm DCA (100 mmol of DCA introduced into the exposure system) for 1 hr contained 10.7 mmol of N-Ac-DCVC as determined by HPLC analysis. Formation of DCVG, renal processing to S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine, and cleavage of this cysteine S-conjugate by cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase in the kidney and the formation of reactive and mutagenic intermediates may account for DCA nephrotoxicity and nephrocarcinogenicity. N-Ac-CDVC is the end product of DCVG processing by the enzymes of mercapturic acid formation.|Metabolites in the urine were identified as N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine, dichloroethanol, dichloroacetic acid, oxalic acid, and chloracetic acid /after inhalation exposure of rats/. Only the cysteine conjugate was found in feces. It was formed in the kidneys because only S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl) glutathione was found in the bile. Biliary cannulation did not influence renal excretion of the cysteine conjugate. /From this study, it was concluded that/ ...two metabolic pathways are operative in dichloroacetylene metabolism in vivo. Cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation represents a minor pathway accounting for the formation of 1,1-dichloro compounds after chlorine migration. The major pathway is the biosynthesis of toxic glutathione conjugates. Organ-specific toxicity and carcinogenicity of dichloroethyne (acetylene dichloride) is due most likely to the topographical distribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase which is concentrated mainly in the kidney of rats.|The metabolism of inhaled 14(C)dichloroacetylene has been studied in male Wistar rats exposed to 20 or 40 ppm (78 or 156 mg/cu m) atmospheres for 1 hr. During the next 96 hr, elimination of retained (approximately 17%) 20 and 40 ppm doses, respectively, was: urine, 68% and 60%; feces, 28% and 27%. About 3.5% remained in the carcasses. Metabolites of dichloroacetylene that were identified were: N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)- L-cysteine (62%), dichloroethanol (12%), dichloroacetic acid (9%), oxalic acid (8%) and chloroacetic acid (5%) in urine; and N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in faeces. In bile, only S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione was identified. Biliary cannulation did not influence the renal excretion of N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine, a result that was interpreted to indicate that glutathione conjugation also occurs in the kidney. The identified metabolites are consistent with the existence of two metabolic pathways: the major pathway involves glutathione conjugation, while a minor pathway is cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation that accounts for the formation of 1,1- dichloro-compounds after chlorine migration.|In vitro studies have demonstrated that glutathione conjugation of dichloroacetylene is predominantly enzymatic and the rate of reaction resulting in the formation of S-(1,2- dichlorovinyl)glutathione is similar for microsomes from rat kidney and liver. However, under different reaction conditions (20-500-fold higher protein concentrations), the rate was highest for microsomes from liver, followed by lung, brain and kidney. The further handling of this metabolite in kidney is not clearly defined, but it is known that gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and dipeptidases (e.g., in biliary epithelium) can transform S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione to S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)- L-cysteine, which can then be acetylated in tissues or by intestinal bacteria . An alternative to acetylation is beta-lyase-mediated metabolism to form chlorothioketene as an intermediate, which can react with tissue nucleophiles or with water, when it forms chloroacetic acid. Cysteine conjugate beta-lyase activity has also been shown in rat cerebellar tissue.|The glutathione (GSH) dependent metabolism of dichloroacetylene (DCA) was investigated in rat liver and kidney subcellular fractions. The study also included the metabolism of DCA in rats to identify and quantify any metabolites formed by GSH conjugation. S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG) was identified as a product of the in-vitro metabolism and N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (N-Ac-DCVC) was identified as a urinary metabolite of DCA in rats. ...N-Ac-DCVC was identified as a urinary metabolite from rats by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after esterification. Male rats exposed to 36 ppm DCA for 1 hr produced urine which contained 10.7 micromoles of N-Ca-DCVC as determined by high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis. .../It was suggested/ that the formation of DCVG, renal processing to cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase in the kidney with formation of reactive and mutagenic intermediates may account for DCA nephrotoxicity and nephrocarcinogenicity.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, intense jaw pain, cranial nerve palsy Target Organs: central nervous system (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Use rapid rewarming techniques if frostbite occurs ... . /Simple ashpyxiants and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Treat seizures with diazepam ... . /Simple ashpyxiants and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The /chronic and subchronic/ toxic effects were mainly neurological and could last from several days to years.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In the mid-1960s, DCA was detected in the closed system atmospheres of U.S. nuclear submarines and space craft. The crews experienced loss of appetite, extreme nausea, itchy eyes, sore gums, intense jaw pain, and welts on the face and mouth. Disabling nausea was experienced by 85% of the individuals exposed for prolonged periods at concentrations 0.5 to 1.0 ppm.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Dichloroacetylene can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, eye irritation, mucous membrane irritation, and neurological disorders such as paresis and neuralgia in several cranial nerves. Nausea has occurred at concentrations as low as 0.5 to 1.0 ppm.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Extreme nausea was reported by persons exposed to concentrations as low as 2-4 mg/cu m (0.5-1 ppm) dichloroacetylene.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Toxic effects have been reported after accidental exposure to dichloroacetylene in various settings: its generation during use of trichloroethylene as an anesthetic, after use of a solvent mixture containing trichloroethylene as a cleaning agent either domestically or in enclosed work spaces, and during the cleaning of tank cars containing vinylidene chloride copolymers where dichloroacetylene was present. The signs and symptoms observed in each of these reports included headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat as well as eye irritation, facial and oral herpes and neurological disorders. The latter were manifested in paresis and neuralgia in several cranial and cervical nerves. In some cases, the signs and symptoms of cranial-nerve involvement persisted for periods ranging from several days to years. These effects were closely related to findings in dichloroacetylene-exposed animals.

dichloroacetylene

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, intense jaw pain, cranial nerve palsy; In Animals: kidney, liver, brain injury; weight loss; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Sore throat. Dizziness. Facial paralysis, numbness and tremor.

Redness.

central nervous system

Dichloroacetylene is not commercially available in large quantities. It is reportedly a byproduct of the synthesis of vinylidene chloride and is not known to be used commercially.|Dichloroacetylene is an... undesired, and non-commercial product of the dehydrochlorination of trichloroethylene. It has resulted form exposure of trichloroethylene vapor to Hopcalite in a closed environmental system (submarine) and soda lime in a closed circuit (rebreathing) anesthesia machines and from exposure of trichloroethylene liquid to caustic in degreaser tanks.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree