Benzyl benzoate

212.24400

212.24

204-402-9

N863NB338G

0390

758204|8081

DTXSID8029153

Leaflets or oily liquid|Water-white liquid|Colorless, oily liquid|Clear, colorless liquid

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents

4002191900

26.30000

4

Liquid; OtherSolid

1.118 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

21 °C

323-324 °C

147ºC

1.567-1.57

Practically insoluble in water

Store in a cool, dry place. Keep container closed when not in use. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials.

1 mm Hg ( 125 °C)

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 7.3

Light, balsamic odor reminiscent of almond

Sharp burning taste

Solution in alcohol practically neutral to moistened litmus paper

Henry's Law constant = 2.34X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Congeals at temperatures not below 18 °C|Supercools easily. Specfic gravity: 1.116-1.120 at 25 °C/25 °C|CONVERSION FACTORS: 8.66 MG/CU M IS EQUIVALENT TO 1 PPM (WT/VOL)|Heat of formation = -1.91X10+8 J/kmol|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for Benzyl benzoate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

896 °F (480 °C)|480 °C

-6.69X10+9 J/kmol

The vapour is heavier than air.

18.6 kcal/mol at 12-60 °C

Critical temperature = 820 deg K; Critical pressure = 2.58X10+6 Pa

Ⅲ

3082

2

R22

S25

DG4200000

Xn

Ventilation along the floor.

Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.

P273

H302-H411

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.|Can react with oxidizing materials

Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions. (a) They are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice. (b) They consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part. Benzyl benzoate is included on this list.|Benzyl benzoate is an indirect food additive for use as a component of adhesives.|Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses ... . However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: benzyl benzoate is included in pediculicide drug products.

USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Benzyl Benzoate (Benzoic Acid case 4013), EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0470-0002 (June 2007). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the USA.[Available from, as of December 19, 2018: https://iaspub.epa.gov/apex/pesticides/f?p=chemicalsearch:1]

Combustible.

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P301+P312, P330, P391, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2805 companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Combustible liquid.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|To fight fire, use carbon dioxide, water spray or mist, dry chemical.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Direct contact may cause skin irritation.|Irritant to eyes, skin.|Liquid is irritating to eyes on direct contact, but no damage has been reported ... .

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Ventilation along the floor.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

NO open flames.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Benzyl benzoate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Benzyl benzoate has been detected in fly ash from an unspecified waste incineration operation, as reported in a literature review spanning 1964 through 1979(1). The compound was reported present in spent kraft bleaching liquors of beech and akamtsu pulps, from an unspecified plant in Japan(2).

SEDIMENT: Benzyl benzoate was reported at a range of not detected to 0.5 ng/g dry wt in sediments of the Havel and Spree Rivers, Berlin, Germany, sampled from 1993-1994(1).

Benzyl benzoate has been identified in tobacco and tobacco smoke(1). The compound was identified, not quantified in limestone weathering crusts from cathedrals in Sevilla, in southwestern Spain and Mechelen, northern Belgium(2).

Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 1680 mg/kg; Skin, rabbit: LD50 = 4000 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include blister formation, crusting, itching, oozing, reddening, or scaling of skin; difficulty in urinating (dribbling); jerking movements; sudden loss of consciousness.|IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Benzyl benzoate is a liquid. It is used as solvent of cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose and artificial musk, substitute for camphor in celluloid and plastic pyroxylin compounds, perfume fixative, in confectionary and chewing gum flavors. As an insecticide/miticide, it was used to control dust mites in carpets, mattresses, upholstery, and on furniture. Benzyl benzoate is used as an alternative agent for the topical treatment of scabies and also has been used for the topical treatment of pediculosis (lice infestation). It is also used in veterinary medicine as acaricide and pediculicide, but is contraindicated in cats. It was used in the Vietnam War to eradicate and repel certain ticks and mites. HUMAN STUDIES: Direct contact may cause skin irritation. Liquid is irritating to eyes on direct contact, but no damage has been reported. There was no evidence of adverse effects on pregnancy outcome due to topical benzyl benzoate lotion. Benzyl benzoate gave estrogenic responses in a human breast cancer cell line in culture. ANIMAL STUDIES: 13-week study in rats demonstrated decreased body weight gain and mortality at 800 mg/kg/day. Neurotoxicity signs noted such as staggering, respiratory difficulty, and lethargy. Hemorrhages were found around the mouth and nose, and histologic lesions in the brain, thymus, skeletal muscle, and kidney. Benzyl benzoate was not tested for carcinogenicity, but the metabolite benzyl alcohol was tested in rats and mice. No evidence of carcinogenic activity was found in benzyl alcohol. The maternal and fetal toxicity of benzyl benzoate was evaluated in pregnant rats after a daily oral dose of 25 and 100 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that benzyl benzoate and its metabolites can transport to the placenta and eventually enter the fetuses. Benzyl benzoate was tested for mutagenicity and found to be negative in inducing unscheduled glycol nucleic acid synthesis in rat liver cells. The chemical did not cause damage to hormones nor did it cause mammalian cell mutations in vitro.

The use of benzyl benzoate as a vehicle constituent in administering cyproterone acetate caused morphological changes detectable at the ultrastructural level in the adrenal cortex. Castor oil and benzyl benzoate in a 4:1 ratio caused intracellular as well as intercellular changes. In the zona fasciculata there were alterations in mitochondrial shape, size, and matrix. Intercellular changes affected the morphology of macrophages in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. It is believed that the castor oil and benzyl benzoate vehicle caused stress-induced changes.

LD50 Rat oral 1700 mg/kg|LD50 Rat dermal 4 g/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 1400 mg/kg|LD50 Cat oral 2240 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Benzyl benzoate (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Benzoyl benzoate is contained in Peru balsam and in the concrete and absolute of tuberose flowers, hyacinth, Narcissus jonquilla L., and Dianthus caryophillus L. The compound is also found in oil of ylang-ylang and tolu balsam. Benzoyl benzoate is reported as found in American cranberry, cinnamon bark, cassia leaf, corn oil and hog plum (Spondias mombins L.)(1). Benzoyl benzoate leaflets are found in about 20 essential oils(2) and various plants(3).

Benzyl benzoate's production and use as a solvent, in chemical synthesis, perfume fixative, food flavoring(1), plasticizer(2), and in human and veterinary external medicine as a miticide(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use to control dust mites in carpets, matresses, upholstry, and on furniture and mites on dogs(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2500(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that benzyl benzoate is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of benzyl benzoate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Benzyl benzoate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.24X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 90% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(4) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2500(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that benzyl benzoate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 190(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.97(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process as suggested by estimated acid-base hydrolysis half-lives of 1.7 years and 63 days at pH 7 and pH 8, respectively(1). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 90% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzyl benzoate, which has a vapor pressure of 2.25X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzyl benzoate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 55 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase benzyl benzoate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Benzyl benzoate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benzyl benzoate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 55 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.13 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(1); this corresponds to half-lives of 1.7 yrs and 63 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(1). Benzyl benzoate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Eighteen quantifiable photochemical products were identified following benzyl benzoate exposed to natural sunlight for 11 days (May 16-27, 1983 Davis, CA) in an ethanol solution; photoproducts included acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetic acid, 2,3-butanediol, acetol and benzaldehyde(3).

An estimated BCF of 190 was calculated in fish for benzyl benzoate(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.97(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of benzyl benzoate can be estimated to be 2500(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that benzyl benzoate is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for benzyl benzoate is estimated as 2.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) developed using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that benzyl benzoate is expected to volatilize slowly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 230 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1700 days(SRC). Benzyl benzoate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Benzyl benzoate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.24X10-4 mm Hg(3).

Benzyl benzoate has been reported at a concentration of 0.22 ug/g in volatiles from pineapple guava (Feihoa sellowiana Berg) fruit(1). The compound was detected, not quantified in new fraction of volatiles of clove essential oil (Eugenia carophyllus Spreng)(2).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 16 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of benzyl benzoate in the United States may be as low as 10 workers and as high as 500 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 83,538 workers (44,948 of these are female) were potentially exposed to benzyl benzoate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to benzyl benzoate may occur through inhalation (VP around 1 mm Hg and if the chemical is a solid could use inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where benzyl benzoate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to benzyl benzoate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and dermal contact with consumer products and topical medications containing benzyl benzoate. Monitoring data indicate exposure may also occur through the use of tobacco products(SRC).

Used to kill lice and the mites responsible for the skin condition scabies.

Benzyl benzoate is used as an alternative agent for the topical treatment of scabies and also has been used for the topical treatment of pediculosis (lice infestation). ... Benzyl benzoate lotion, in an approximate concentration of 28% w/w, is applied topically. The drug should not be administered orally. Containers of the lotion should be shaken before using.|Scabicide, pediculicide.|VET: Acaricide, pediculicide. Contraindicated in cats.

Studies in animals showed that oral ingestion of large doses of benzyl benzoate resulted in progressive incoordination, CNS excitation, seizures, and death.|When used in appropriate dosage, topically applied benzyl benzoate appears to have a low order of toxicity. Slight local irritation (especially of the male genitalia), itching, and allergic skin sensitivity may occur, and contact with the face, eyes, mucous membranes, and urethral meatus should be avoided. Repeated application of benzyl benzoate frequently causes contact dermatitis.|Benzyl benzoate is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug.|Benzyl benzoate should not be applied to acutely inflamed skin or raw, weeping surfaces. If primary irritation or hypersensitivity occurs, treatment should be discontinued and the drug removed with soap and water.|VET: Cats are particularly susceptible to this action, and the use of benzyl benzoate in this species is therefore contraindicated. The most prominent feature is nervous excitability. The clinical signs resemble those of poisoning by benzoic acid.

Benzyl benzoate is one of the older preparations used to treat scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei. It is characterised by severe itching (particularly at night), red spots, and may lead to a secondary infection. Benzyl benzoate is lethal to this mite and so is useful in the treatment of scabies. It is also used to treat lice infestation of the head and body. Benzyl benzoate is not the treatment of choice for scabies due to its irritant properties.

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. (See all compounds classified as Insecticides.)

No data are available on percutaneous absorption of benzyl benzoate. Some older studies have suggested some percutaneous absorption, however the amount was not quantified.|The maternal and fetal toxicity of benzyl benzoate, commonly used as antiparasitic insecticide, was evaluated in pregnant rats after a daily oral dose of 25 and 100 mg/kg. Biochemical, histopathological, and morphological examinations were performed. Dams were observed for maternal body weights and food and water consumption and subjected to caesarean section on (GD) 20. Maternal and fetal liver, kidney, heart, brain, and placenta were examined histopathologically under light microscope. Maternal and fetal liver and placenta were stained immunohistochemically for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Morphometric analysis of fetal body lengths, placental measurements, and fetal skeletal stainings was performed. Statistically significant alterations in biochemical parameters and placental and skeletal measurements were determined in treatment groups. In addition to histopathological changes, considerable differences were observed in the immunolocalization of VEGF in treatment groups. These results demonstrated that benzyl benzoate and its metabolites can transport to the placenta and eventually enter the fetuses.|The percutaneous absorption of benzyl benzoate measured in vivo in human and monkey studies. With the application sites occluded, 54% of the applied dose penetrated human skin in 24 hr compared with 69% absorption in the monkey skin.

Rapidly hydrolyzed to benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol, which is further oxidized to benzoic acid. The benzoic acid is conjugated with glycine to form hippuric acid.|Converted to hippuric acid in vivo.

Benzyl benzoate exerts toxic effects on the nervous system of the parasite, resulting in its death. It is also toxic to mite ova, though its exact mechanism of action is unknown. In vitro, benzyl benzoate has been found to kill the Sarcoptes mite within 5 minutes.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Direct contact may cause skin irritation.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Liquid is irritating to eyes on direct contact, but no damage has been reported ... .|/PREGNANCY AND HUMAN REPRODUCTION/ OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of benzyl benzoate lotion (BBL) and permethrin, topical treatments for scabies, during pregnancy. DESIGN: A retrospective controlled cohort study. POPULATION: Refugee and migrant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) on the Thai-Burmese border between August 1993 and April 2006. METHODS: Women treated with either BBL (25%) or permethrin (4%) were identified from a manual search of antenatal records. Each case of scabies was matched with four scabies-free controls for gravidity, age, smoking status, malaria, period of treatment and gestational age at treatment. Conditional Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios for outcomes of pregnancy (proportion of abortions, congenital abnormalities, neonatal deaths, stillbirths and premature babies), mean birthweight and estimated median gestational age, for scabies and scabies-free women, independently for BBL and permethrin. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between women who were treated with either BBL (n = 444) compared with their matched controls (n = 1,776) or permethrin (n = 196) treated women and their matched controls (n = 784). Overall, only 10.9% (n = 66) of treatments were in the first trimester. Retreatment rates were higher with BBL 16.4%, than permethrin 9.7%, P = 0.038. Scabies was more common during cooler periods. CONCLUSION: We found no evidence of adverse effects on pregnancy outcome due to topical 25% BBL or 4% permethrin.|/ENDOCRINE MODULATION/ Benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) are added to bodycare cosmetics used around the human breast. We report here that all three compounds possess estrogenic activity in assays using the estrogen-responsive MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. At 3,000,000-fold molar excess, they were able to partially displace [(3)H]estradiol from recombinant human estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta, and from cytosolic ER of MCF7 cells. At concentrations in the range of 5 x 10(-5) to 5 x 10(-4) m, they were able to increase the expression of a stably integrated estrogen-responsive reporter gene (ERE-CAT) and of the endogenous estrogen-responsive pS2 gene in MCF7 cells, albeit to a lesser extent than with 10(-8) m 17beta-oestradiol. They increased the proliferation of estrogen-dependent MCF7 cells over 7 days, which could be inhibited by the antiestrogen fulvestrant, suggesting an ER-mediated mechanism. Although the extent of stimulation of proliferation over 7 days was lower with these compounds than with 10(-8) m 17beta-oestradiol, given a longer time period of 35 days the extent of proliferation with 10(-4) m benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate or butylphenylmethylpropional increased to the same magnitude as observed with 10(-8) m 17beta-oestradiol over 14 days. This demonstrates that benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional are further chemical components of cosmetic products which give estrogenic responses in a human breast cancer cell line in culture. Further research is now needed to investigate whether estrogenic responses are detectable using in vivo models and the extent to which these compounds might be absorbed through human skin and might enter human breast tissues.

Acaril

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin. Redness.

Redness.

Table: Benzyl Benzoate Preparations [Table#814]|Acarosan Moist Powder (Allergopharma Joachim): Active ingredient: benylate 5.0%.|Sardex-II Dog Mange Remedy (Happy Jack Inc.): Active ingredient: benylate 29.0%.|Benzyl benzoate is available as a ready-to-use powder and an aerosol (spray).|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Benzyl benzoate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Air Care|Benzoic acid, phenylmethyl ester: ACTIVE|Mosquitoes were not repelled by benzyl benzoate applied on vermiculite to 0.5 & 1 acre plots.|Marketing status: Discontinued (50% strength; Emulsion; Topical)|Benzyl benzoate is a byproduct in the manufacture of benzoic acid by the oxidation of toluene; it is present in the benzoic acid distillation residue.

The development of a simple, shorter and more accurate method than the NF method for the determination of benzyl benzoate in Benzyl Benzoate Lotion NF is discussed. Hydrolyzed benzyl benzoate was measured spectrophotometrically. Interference from other ingredients of the lotion, oleic acid and triethanolamine was almost negligible. The proposed method was completed in approximately 15 minutes, as opposed to the two hours required by the NF procedure.|Eight constituents including benzyl benzoate were separated from jasmine concrete using SiO2 (Partisil 5) column chromatography with 97.5 to 2.5 (vol/vol) isooctane-ethyl acetate as mobile phase. Reversed-phase chromatography with grafted SiO2 (LiChrosorb RP18) as stationary phase and H2O-methanol (50/50 vol) as mobile phase was also used.|PMR procedure developed for quantitation of benzyl benzoate in Peru and tolu balsams.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Human drugs -> Rare disease (orphan)|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Cosmetics -> Solvent|ACARICIDES

Flavoring Agents|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT; Food Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT;