Yttrium

88.91

88.905846

231-174-8

58784XQC3Y

3178

DTXSID0049816

C28199

Iron-gray, lustrous powder; darkens on exposure to light|Hexagonal, silvery-metallic colored element...gray-black when finely divided. Brittle...harder than zinc.

28053090

0

0.00000

Gray powder

4.84 g/cm³ @ Temp: 18 °C

1477 °C

3338 °C(lit.)

Insoluble in water

Flammables area

0 mmHg (approx)

Noncombustible Solid in bulk form.

Odorless

Natural yttrium contains but one isotope, yttrium-89. Forty-three other unstable isotopes and isomers have been characterized.|Oxidizes on heating in air or oxygen; decomposes on cold water slowly, in boiling water rapidly.|Known only in the tripositive state|Heat of fusion = 11.43 kJ/mol; Heat of sublimation = 424.7 kJ/mol at 25 °C|Standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, 0.0 kJ/mol (crystal); entropy at 298.15 K, 44.4 J/mol-K (crystal); Heat capacity, 26.5 J/mol-K (crystal); Standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, 421.3 kJ/mol (gas phase); Gibbs free energy of formation, 381.1 kJ/mol (gas phase); entropy at 298.15 K, 179.5 J/mol-K (gas phase); Heat capacity 25.9 J/mol-K (gas phase).

Light sensitive Moisture sensitive Air sensitive

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Strong Reducing Agent

YTTRIUM in bulk is stable in air due to the formation of oxide films. Powder or dust is light-sensitive and air-sensitive and flammable in the air and (Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, p. 861 (1987)). Reacts with water to form gaseous hydrogen (H2). Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases, and halogens. The products of these reactions are irritating and toxic.

Noncombustible Solid in bulk form.

III

8

UN 3264 8/PG 3

3

34-36/38-20/21/22

26-36/37/39-45-33-27-16

ZG2980000

C,Xi,Xn,F

Separated from oxidants

Stable.

P210-P222-P231-P280-P422

H228-H250-H302 + H312 + H332

Oxidizers|Darkens on exposure to light. ...Oxidizes on heating in air or oxygen; decomposes in cold water slowly, boiling water rapidly.|Flammable in the form of dust when reacted with air; halogens.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. (ERG, 2016)

|Danger|H228 (74.47%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]|P210, P222, P240, P241, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P334, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P322, P330, P363, P370+P378, P422, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 169 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Warning|H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]|P260, P264, P270, P309+P311, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, sand, earth, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire Involving Metal Pigments or Pastes (e.g. "Aluminum Paste") Aluminum Paste fires should be treated as a combustible metal fire. Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers, G-1® or Met-L-X® powder. Also, see ERG Guide 170. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. LARGE SPILL: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 5 mg/cu m: (APF = 5) Any quarter-mask respirator.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 10 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any particulate respirator equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 filtering facepieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100. (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 25 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode. (Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any powered air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for YTTRIUM, ELEMENTAL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m

highly toxic

Exposure Routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes Target Organs: Eyes, respiratory system, liver (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /"To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

Yttrium

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes; In Animals: pulmonary irritation; eye injury; possible liver damage

Eyes, respiratory system, liver

Grade: Regular high purity (ingots, lumps, turnings), metallurgical, low-oxygen, crystal sponge, powder.

Yttrium: ACTIVE|Yttrium compounds and metal were imported from several sources in 2004; Yttrium compounds and metals were imported from China (85.4%), the Netherlands (7.74%), Japan (3.72%), Austria (1.41%), Belgium (1.08%), Hong Kong (0.42%), and the Republic of Korea (0.19%).|In general yttrium is found together with the lanthanides and occurs in minerals such as monazite, bastnasite, xenotime, yttrialite, gadonilite, yttriocrasite, and in complex minerals such as samarskite and euxenite. Monazite sand contains 3% Y and bastnasite about 0.2%. Xenotime (from Malaysia) contains about 60% Y. The most important sources of monazite sand are in Florida, Australia, India, Malaysia, and Brazil. The abundance of yttrium in the earth's crust is about 0.0028%.