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Diquat dibromide

Diquat dibromide structure

CAS No:
85-00-7
Formula:
C12H12N2.2Br
Chemical Name:
Diquat dibromide
Synonyms:
Dipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinediium,6,7-dihydro-,bromide (1:2);Dipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinediium,6,7-dihydro-,dibromide;6,7-Dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinediium dibromide;6,7-Dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazidiinium dibromide;9,10-Dihydro-8a,10a-diazoniaphenanthrene dibromide;Diquat dibromide;1,1′-Ethylene-2,2′-bipyridylium dibromide;Reglon;Reglone;1,1′-Ethylene-2,2′-bipyridinium dibromide;Diquat;Ortho-Diquat;PP 100;Weedtrine D;N,N′-Ethylene-2,2′-bipyridinium dibromide;6,7-Dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinium dibromide;Reward;Eliminator;Eliminator (herbicide);Reglox;Reglone Turbo;PP 100 (herbicide);2028303-14-0
Categories:
Agrochemicals > Herbicides

Description

Pale yellow crystals; forms monohydrate; mp320°C (608 °F) (decomposes); readily solublein water, insoluble in organic solvents; stablein acids or neutral solution.

Diquat is a yellow crystalline solid dissolved in a liquid carrier. It is a water emulsifiable liquid. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Since it is a liquid it can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. It can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. It is used as a herbicide.|Diquat is the organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide. It has a role as a herbicide and a defoliant. It derives from a hydride of a 2,2'-bipyridine.|A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Diquat dibromide Basic Attributes

Molecular Weight：

344.05

Exact Mass：

263.01800

EC Number：

201-579-4

UNII：

A9A615U4MP

UN Number：

2781

DSSTox ID：

DTXSID6034554

HScode：

2933990017

Characteristics

PSA：

7.8

XLogP3：

-4.60 (20°C)

Appearance：

Pale yellow Crystals

Density：

1.22-1.27 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

Melting Point：

337 °C

Boiling Point：

Decomposes

Water Solubility：

H2O: soluble . 70 g/100 mL

Storage Conditions：

-20°C

Vapor Pressure：

Vapour pressure, Pa at ?°C:

Toxicity：

Oral-Rat LD50: 120 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 233 mg/kg

Flammability characteristics：

Combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxides and bromide gases

Explosive limit：

Diquat cylinder may explode in heat of fire.

Air and Water Reactions：

Water soluble. Solutions are stable in neutral and acid solutions; however, they are unstable in alkaline solutions.

Reactive Group：

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Reactivity Profile：

DIQUAT is light sensitive. This compound can corrode aluminum and other metals. (NTP, 1992) Quaternary ammonium salts often serve as catalysts in reactions. They are incompatible with many strong oxidizers and reducing agents, such as metal hydrides, alkali/active metals, and organometallics. Unlike the ammonium ion, [NH4]+, and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution.

Safety Information

Packing level：

Hazard category：

6.1(a)

Transport codes：

UN 2781/2811

hazard class code：

21-25

safety instructions：

36/37-45

RTECS Number：

JM5690000

Marks：

Storage features：

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stability/Shelf Life：

Stable in neutral & acidic solns, but readily hydrolysed in alkaline solns. DT50 at pH 7 in simulated sunlight /about/ 74 days. Photochemically decomposed by UV irradiation.

Precautionary statement(s)：

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501

Hazard Statements：

H302

Fire Hazards：

Behavior in Fire: Decomposes at high temperature, charring rather than melting or boiling. (USCG, 1999)

Fire Fighting：

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2016)

Isolation and Evacuation：

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Nonfire Spill Response：

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Personal Protective Equipment：

Wear face shield, rubber gloves, rubber apron when handling concentrate. When spraying, wear waterproof foot wear and clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Toxicity

Toxicity class：

highly toxic

Drug Information

MeSH：

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE. (See all compounds classified as Herbicides.)|Herbicides that remove leaves from trees and growing plants. They may be either organic or inorganic. Several of the more persistent types have been used in military operations and many are toxic. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) (See all compounds classified as Defoliants, Chemical.)

Health Hazards：

INHALATION: No appreciable vapor pressure. Prolonged contact with spray or mist may cause oral and nasal irritation. EYES: Irritation. SKIN: Irritation. INGESTION: Vomiting, diarrhea, general malaise. Possible kidney and liver damage, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema. With large doses there may be tremors or convulsions. OTHER: May be fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. (USCG, 1999)

First Aid：

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

MeSH Entry Terms：

Dibromide, Diquat

Diquat dibromide Use and Manufacturing

Uses

It is a conductive contact killing herbicide, used for weeding before harvesting in fields, orchards, non-cultivated fields, etc.

Use Classification：

Agrochemicals -> Desiccants, Herbicides|Pharmaceuticals|Herbicides|Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)|HERBICIDES

Agrochemical：

Diquat has known environmental transformation products that include TOPPS (R32245).

Computed Properties

Molecular Weight:184.24
XLogP3:1.4
Exact Mass:184.100048391
Monoisotopic Mass:184.100048391
Topological Polar Surface Area:7.8
Heavy Atom Count:14
Formal Charge:2
Complexity:183
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

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Diquat dibromide in Water

CAS No.: 85-00-7

Content: 1000%

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