Phenanthrene

Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and has been frequently used as an indicator for monitoring PAH contaminated matrices[1]. Phenanthrene induces oxidative stress and inflammation[2].

Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) composed of three fused benzene rings. The name phenanthrene is a composite of phenyl and anthracene. In its pure form, it is found in cigarette smoke and is a known irritant, photosensitizing skin to light. Phenanthrene appears as a white powder having blue fluorescence.

Phenanthrene is a white crystalline substance. Weak aromatic odor. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds containing multiple benzene rings and are also called polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.

ChEBI: A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'

Colorless monoclinic crystals with a faint aromatic odor. Solutions exhibit a blue fluorescence.

Phenanthrene is the most abundant component in coal tar, accounting for about 5% of coal tar, second only to naphthalene. The content of anthracene oil in the range of 300-360°C for coal tar is at most phenanthrene, followed by anthracene and carbazole. The extraction method of phenanthrene is usually to cool and crystallize an anthracene oil, and then use vacuum suction filtration or centrifugal filtration to remove the oil. More phenanthrene dissolved in the oil can be recovered by precision distillation. The resulting crystal is called crude anthracene, which contains 25-30% anthracene, 22-25% carbazole, and about 30% phenanthrene. The crude anthracene was extracted with heavy benzene, cooled, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to remove the solvent for recrystallization and filtration. The filtrate is rectified to obtain industrial phenanthrene, which can be obtained by sulfonation crystallization.

Labelled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as micropollutants.

It can be used for the manufacturing of phenanthrenequinone, synthetic resin, pesticides and preservatives and so on.Phenanthrene, through the oxidation, can give phenanthrenequinone, to be used to replace the organic mercurial pesticides ceresin and gallotox. The biphenyl acid obtained from its oxidation can be used to prepare alkyd resin. Phenanthrene oxidation can also give anhydride, cyclohexanone and phenol. The chlorination products of phenanthrene can be used to make non-flammable electrical insulators and impregnants. The sulfonated phenanthrene sulfonic acid can be made of binder, tanning and so on. But in fact most of these applications have yet to be developed. In the paper industry, the Phenanthrene can be used as pulp antifogging agent; can also be used for nitroglycerine explosives and nitrocellulose stabilizer and for the manufacture of smoke bomb; the solid oxide of phenanthrene can be made of excellent flame resistant electrical insulating materials and fillers. In medicine, phenanthrene can be used for synthesizing alkaloids-morphine and caffeine, dimethyl morphine as well as drugs with special physiological effects on many reproductive organs. In the dye industry, the Phenanthrene can be made of 2-aminophenanthrene quinone, benzanthrone, sulfide reduction dye (blue BO, black BB and brown) and so on. In addition, the plastic industry, synthetic tanning agents and phenanthrene, under high temperature and high pressure, can undergo hydrogenation to get hydrophenanthrene, being the fuel of senior jet aircraft.For the determination of molecular weight and the synthesis of organic compounds.

Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, an environmental pollutant.

Phenanthrene is a PAH that can be derived from coal tar. Phenanthrene is used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and explosives, and in biochemical research. A derivative, cyclopentanophenanthrene, has been used as a starting material for synthesizing bile acids, cholesterol, and other steroids.

Phenanthrene occurs in coal tar and can be isolated from several types of crude petroleum.

Molecular Weight:178.23
XLogP3:4.5
Exact Mass:178.078250319
Monoisotopic Mass:178.078250319
Heavy Atom Count:14
Complexity:174
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes