Methional

104.17

104.17

1739289

221-882-5

0AAO8V0F1R

0515

15874

2785

DTXSID9027528

Colorless to pale yellow liquid|Colorless to amber liquid

29309070

42.4

-0.16

4-thiapentanal appears as a colorless to amber liquid with an extremely foul and persistent odor. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Moderately toxic. Used as a food additive.

1.03 g/cm³

-75 °C

165 °C

142 °F

1.456

It is readily soluble in alcohol solvents such as ethanol, propylene and glycol oil.It is insoluble in water.

2-8°C

760 mm Hg ( 165 °C)

>1 (vs air)

Oral-rat LD50: 4400 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 1620 mg/kg

Open flame flammable; decomposes toxic sulfide gas in case of heat

1.3-26.1%(V)

Powerful, onion, meat-like odor

Pleasant, warm, meat and soup-like flavor at low levels

Henry's Law constant = 3.92X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

log Kow 0.34 at 20 °C, pH 7.4-7.8; VP: 53-100 Pa at 20 -27 °C; BP: 170.3 °C at 101.3 kPa; MP: -75 °C at 101.3 kPa; Relative density: 1.04 at 20 °C|When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic vapors of SOx|Hydroxy radical reaction rate constant = 5.28X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Slightly soluble in water.

Aldehydes

Organosulfides, such as 4-THIAPENTANAL, are incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reactions with these materials generate heat and in many cases hydrogen gas. Many of these compounds may liberate hydrogen sulfide upon decomposition or reaction with an acid.

491 °F (255 °C)|255 °C

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.

III

6.1(b)

UN 2785 6.1/PG 3

1

20/22-34-36/37/38-20-52/53-43-41-38-20/21/22

26-36/37/39-45-37/39

UE2285000

C,Xn

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food and oxidants

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

P261-P273-P280-P302 + P352 + P312-P305 + P351 + P338 + P310

H302 + H332-H311-H315-H317-H318-H412

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

OECD SIDS; 3-(Methylthio) propionaldehyde CAS 3268-49-3 (November, 2003)[Available from, as of November 9, 2018: http://www.inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/3268493.pdf]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. (ERG, 2016)|Combustible. Above 58 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Danger|H226 (14%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P361, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1658 companies from 17 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P361, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P210, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P361, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.3-26.1

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Further information: Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, sulfur oxides.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.|ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/GUIDE 152 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.|/GUIDE 152 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 152 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.|/GUIDE 152 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 4-Thiapentanal (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. 4-Thaipentanal is included on the dangerous goods list.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. 4-Thaipentanal is included on the dangerous goods list.

Acute exposure (24 min to 4 hr) of rats to substantially saturated atmospheres of 3-MTP generated statically (measured concentrations of 261-951 ppm) resulted in marked ocular and respiratory irritancy ... .|... local irritation potential of 3-(methylthio) propionaldehyde to skin and mucous membranes.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, strong acids and food and feedstuffs.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

NO open flames. NO contact with hot surfaces. Above 58 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 0 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible materials.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

4-Thiapentanal is a component of tobacco and tobacco smoke(1).

moderately toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 4-Thiapentanal is a colorless to amber liquid. The chemical is used as intermediate in chemical industry for the production of the amino acid methionine and methionine-hydroxyl analog. A minor use as a food flavoring agent and tobacco ingredient has been identified. HUMAN STUDIES: The activities of butyryl and acetylchoninesterase decreased with increases of occupational service time in the blood of apparently healthy workers exposed to the chemical. ANIMAL STUDIES: 4-Thiapentanal was irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. It had demonstrated a skin sensitizing potential in a guinea pig test. With regard to respiratory irritation it is unclear from the existing studies whether the observed local effects in inhalation studies are attributable to 4-thiapentanal or acrolein that can be enriched in the vapor phase under the test conditions. Exposure of rats to a statically generated saturated atmosphere killed all 5 males with a 40 min exposure and all 5 females with a 24 min exposure. In contrast, a 4-hr exposure of rats to a dynamically generated saturated vapor atmosphere did not produce any mortalities or signs of toxicity. After 28 days oral administration of 4-thiapentanal by gavage to rats a slight hemolytic effect with reduced red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels, increases in blood bilirubin levels and indications of increased hematopoiesis in the spleen observed at 521 mg/kg bw/d. Dermal exposure of rats for 9 days (6 hr occluded exposure per day) resulted in a slight decrease in body weight gain at a dose of 527 mg/kg bw/d. No effects on the sex organs of rats (male or female) have been observed in the 9-day inhalation study and the 28-day oral study. 4-Thiapentanal did not reveal any developmental toxicity in a study with rats by the inhalation route at exposure concentrations that were clearly maternally toxic. 4-Thiapentanal did not produce mutagenic activity either in the absence or presence of metabolic activation with a Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay using strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. In a mouse lymphoma cell assay, it produced concentration-related increases in mutant colonies, both in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. However, in an in vivo mouse micronucleus study 4-thiapentanal showed a negative result, indicating that the clastogenesis that was demonstrated in an in vitro study does not occur in vivo.

Prostaglandin biosynthesis from eicosa-8, 11, 14-trienoic acid in microsomes from bovine seminal vesicles is inhibited by relatively high concentrations of hydroxyl radical scavengers: dimethyl sulfoxide, n- and t-butanol, and methional. Methional is a more effective scavenger than t-butanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, two compounds which are more miscible with water than methional. The synthesis of both PGE and PGF is inhibited with incubation systems that promote PGE formation and with incubation systems that promote PGF formation. Furthermore, dimethyl sulfoxide and methional inhibit arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, a reaction involving endoperoxide biosynthesis. The water soluble alcohol, ethanol, stimulates PGF biosynthesis when it is added in the same concentration range as t-butanol. Thus hydroxyl radical scavengers inhibit biosynthesis when their effective concentrations are high and stimulate biosynthesis when their effective concentrations are low. The results of this study and other studies where low concentrations of hydroxyl radical scavengers stimulate both prostaglandin biosynthesis and lipid peroxidation are consistent with a mechanism involving the hydroxyl radical both in the generation of singlet oxygen and the elimination of hydrogen peroxide.|Reactivities of o-phenylphenol and its metabolites (2,5-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone) with DNA were investigated by a DNA sequencing technique, and the reaction mechanism was studied by UV-visible and ESR spectroscopies. In the presence of Cu(II), 2,5-dihydroxybiphenyl caused strong DNA damage even without piperidine treatment. Catalase, methionine, and methional inhibited the DNA damage completely, whereas mannitol, sodium formate, ethanol, tert-butyl alcohol, and superoxide dismutase did not. 2,5-Dihydroxybiphenyl plus Cu(II) frequently induced a piperidine-labile site at thymine and guanine residues. The addition of Fe(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), or Pb(II) did not induce DNA damage with 2,5-dihydroxybiphenyl. When H2O2 was added, 2-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone also induced DNA damage in the presence of Cu(II). Cu(II) accelerated the autoxidation of 2,5-dihydroxybiphenyl to quinone. An ESR study revealed that the semiquinone radical is an intermediate of the autoxidation. Catalase had no inhibitory effect on the acceleration by Cu(II). Superoxide dismutase promoted both the autoxidation of 2,5-dihydroxybiphenyl and the initial rate of semiquinone radical production. ESR spin trapping experiments showed that the addition of Fe(III) produced hydroxyl radical during the autoxidation of 2,5-dihydroxybiphenyl, whereas the addition of Cu(II) hardly did so. The results suggest that DNA damage by 2,5-dihydroxybiphenyl plus Cu(II) is due to active species other than hydroxyl free radical.

LC50 Rat (male) inhalation between 4500 and 4800 mg/cu m/4 hr|LC50 Rat (female) inhalation > 4800 mg/cu m/4 hr|LD50 Rat (male) oral 1.00 mL/kg|LD50 Rat (female) oral 1.68 mL/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 4-Thiapentanal (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

4-Thiapentanal is present in tamarind fruit essential oil (Tamarindus indica; Fabaceae)(1).

4-Thiapentanal's production and use as a food additive(1) and chemical intermediate(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 4-thiapentanal is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 4-thiapentanal from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 4-Thiapentanal has a vapor pressure of 0.397 mm Hg(3) and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions; therefore, 4-thiapentanal may volatilize from dry soil(SRC). Utilizing a domestic sewage inoculum, 92% biodegradation was reached in 28 days(3) indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 4-thiapentanal is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(4)(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.41(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing a domestic sewage inoculum, 92% biodegradation was reached in 28 days(5) indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-thiapentanal, which has a vapor pressure of 0.397 g at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-thiapentanal is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 4-Thiapentanal contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-thiapentanal with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). The rate constant for the estimated OH radical reaction of 4-thiapentanal with hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solutions at unknown pH is 8.2X10+9 L/mol-sec(3); this corresponds to an aquatic half-life of 98 days at an aquatic concentration of 1X10-17 hydroxyl radicals per liter(4). 4-Thiapentanal is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(5). 4-Thiapentanal contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 4-thiapentanal(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.41(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 4-thiapentanal can be estimated to be 3(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4-thiapentanal is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 4-thiapentanal is estimated as 4.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) developed using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4-thiapentanal is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 4-Thiapentanal has a vapor pressure of 0.397 mm Hg(3) and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions(4); therefore, 4-thiapentanal may volatilize from dry soil(SRC).

Reported found in potato, potato chips, asparagus, tomato, tomato paste, wheat and rye bread, many cheeses, boil egg, meats, hop oil, beer, malt whiskey, cocoa, coffee, roasted filberts and peanuts, popcorn, baked potato, cooked chicken, oatmeal, passion fruit, beans, mushroom, macadamia nut, tamarind, parsnip root, jackfruit, pumpkin, sweet corn|4-Thiapentanal was detected in slow fermented sausage after 3 months storage under vacuum, producing a cooked potato odor(1). 4-Thiapentanal was identified in the head space volatiles emitted from oaked Chardonnay wine following long-term storage(2). 4-Thiapentanal concentrations in lager beer flavor contribute to the flavor aged beer concentrations of 0.5 and 1.3 ug/L were reported in beer stored for 180 days at 4 °C and 7 days at 37 °C, respectively(3). Steam treatment of defective Brazilian coffee beans (Coffea canephora) and then added to Coffea arabica blends resulted in an increase in 4-thiapentanal in the volatile profile, as a means for improving flavor(4). Analysis of peel and pulp of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis) identified 4-thiapentanal as one of the potent aroma-active compounds present(5). 4-Thiapentanal was identified as one of the key aroma-active volatiles of Gouda cheese(6). Concentrations of 10 and 5 ppb were reported in volatiles from 2 super market rice cakes made with whole grain brown rice(7), in popcorn at 14 ug/kg dry wt and 12 ug/kg wet wt(8), and <1 ppb in different forms (creamed, canned, frozen kernel, fresh kernel) of sweet corn(9).

Typical high-temperature, short-time (HTST) pasteurization encompasses a lower heat treatment and shorter refrigerated shelf life compared with ultra-pasteurization (UP) achieved by direct steam injection (DSI-UP) or indirect heat (IND-UP). A greater understanding of the effect of different heat treatments on flavor and flavor chemistry of milk is required to characterize, understand, and identify the sources of flavors. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in the flavor and volatile compound profiles of milk subjected to HTST, DSI-UP, or IND-UP using sensory and instrumental techniques. Raw skim and raw standardized 2% fat milks (50 L each) were processed in triplicate and pasteurized at 78 °C for 15 sec (HTST) or 140 °C for 2.3 sec by DSI-UP or IND-UP. Milks were cooled and stored at 4 °C, then analyzed at day 0, 3, 7, and 14. Sensory attributes were determined using a trained panel, and aroma active compounds were evaluated by solid-phase micro-extraction or stir bar sorptive extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-olfactometry, and gas chromatography-triple quad mass spectrometry. The UP milks had distinct cooked and sulfur flavors compared with HTST milks. The HTST milks had less diversity in aroma active compounds compared with UP milks. Flavor intensity of all milks decreased by days 14 of storage. Aroma active compound profiles were affected by heat treatment and storage time in both skim and 2% milk. High-impact aroma active compounds were hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and methional in DSI-UP and 2 and 3-methylbutanal, furfural, 2-heptanone, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2-aminoacetophenone, benzaldehyde, and dimethyl sulfide in IND-UP. These results provide a foundation knowledge of the effect of heat treatments on flavor development and differences in sensory quality of UP milks.

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 3 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of 4-thiapentanal in the United States may be as low as 25 workers and as high as 500 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey (1974) has statistically estimated that 207 workers were potentially exposed to 4-thiapentanal in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 4-thiapentanal may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4-thiapentanal is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 4-thiapentanal via ingestion of food or inhalation of food odors containing this coupound naturally or as a flavoring additive and when using tobacco products(SRC).

Compounds that inhibit the action of prostaglandins. (See all compounds classified as Prostaglandin Antagonists.)

Four commonly used food antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propyl gallate and octyl gallate, were tested for their ability to inhibit the formation of ethylene from methional in NADPH-oxidizing rat liver microsomes. It is assumed that the action of the antioxidants on ethylene formation reflects their free radical scavenging activity. Only propyl gallate and octyl gallate are efficient inhibitors of ethylene formation. BHT is inhibitory only at very high concentrations, and BHA tends to increase ethylene formation. It is concluded that gallic acid ester antioxidants may possess a protective potential during chemical-induced microsomal oxidations.

3-(Methylthio) propionaldehyde is a colorless to light yellow organic liquid with a purity of > 97 % (w/w). Impurities are water (

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Taste is a vital sensation for vertebrates, enabling the detection of nutritionally important substances or potential toxins. A heteromeric complex of two class C GPCRs, T1R1 and T1R3, was identified as the umami (savory) taste receptor. Amino acids and 5'-ribonucleotides are well known to be natural ligands for human T1R1/T1R3. In this study, we reveal that methional, which is a familiar flavor component in foods, is an allosteric modulator of T1R1/T1R3. Receptor expression experiments showed that methional served as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of human T1R1/T1R3 and functioned as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of mouse T1R1/T1R3. Although amino acids and 5'-ribonucleotides bound to the extracellular domain of T1R1, the use of interspecies chimeric receptors demonstrated that methional interacted with the transmembrane domain of T1R1. Site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling showed that methional could potentially bind at two distinct sites in the transmembrane domain of T1R1 and that the amino acid residues in the bottom of the allosteric pocket engendered the switch between the PAM and NAM modes, which could contribute to switching the binding position of methional. These results may be applicable for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying ligand recognition by other class C GPCRs.

3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Propanal, 3-(methylthio)-: ACTIVE|Methional alone smells like boiled potatoes ... potato characteristic disappears when methional becomes a component of Cheddar cheese flavor

The gas chromatograhic (GC) determination of trace amounts of beta-methylmercaptopropionaldehyde (methional) in the free form using a flame photometric detector (FPD) was investigated. The GC conditions were as follows: stationary phase, 6% DEGS; support, Chromosorb W HP (80-100 mesh); glass column, temperature (programming), holding for 1 min at 100 °C, heating the column oven at a rate of 10 °C/min from 100-190 °C, maintaining this temperature for 20 min and then cooling to the inital temperature; carrier gas; nitrogen, flowrate, 60 mL/min; flow-rates of hydrogen and air for the FPD, each 40 mL/min. The minimum detectable amounts for the methional were about 0.3 ng; the repeatabilities of retention times and peak areas (measured as integrator counts) at 1-ng level of the compound were less than 1.5 and 15%. The percentage recovery in the concentration method by bubbling the nitrogen carrier gas (0.2 L/min, at 28 °C) through the standard solution of methional (at 1 ng/uL ethanol) from 10-0.5 mL was about 72%; the percentage recovery of the standard solution (at 10 ng/uL ethanol) after 10 L of the laboratory air was passed through the impinger containing the standard solution at a rate of 0.5 L/min was 97.5%. The method was applied to the determination of methanol in air over waste water froma corn starch factory.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree

Flavoring Agents