2-Chlorobenzaldehyde

140.57

140.57

385877

201-956-3

QHR24X1LXK

0641

15347

3265

DTXSID5024764

Colorless to yellowish liquid|Needles|Liquid or needles

29130000

17.1

2.33

Clear colorless to light yellow Liquid

1.2483 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

12.39 °C

211.9 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

190 °F

1.585

H2O: 0.1-0.5 g/100 mL at 24 ºC

-20°C Freezer

1.27 mm Hg ( 50 °C)

4.84 (vs air)

Oral-rat LD50: 2160 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 1900 mg/kg

Thermal decomposition to emit toxic chloride fumes

Penetrating odor

Henry's Law constant = 2.39X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

UV: 15920 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /Benzaldehyde, 3-chloro/|Powder /p-Chlorobenzaldehyde/

This chemical is moisture and light sensitive. Slightly water soluble.

Aldehydes

2-CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE reacts with iron and strong oxidizers, strong bases and strong reducing agents. (NTP, 1992)

743 °F (NTP, 1992)|385 °C

III

8

UN 3265 8/PG 3

1

34

26-45

CU5075000

C,Xi

The warehouse is low-temperature, ventilated and dry

Irritant

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, iron, strong reducing agents. Moisture and light-sensitive.

P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H314

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents.

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 87 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

|Danger|H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, and P501|H290 (29.97%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]|P234, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P390, P404, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 297 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes , the skin and the respiratory tract.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and protective gloves. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and possibly the respiratory tract.

NO open flames. Above 87 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or face shield.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorobenzaldehyde is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorobenzaldehyde/

moderately

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: o-Chlorobenzaldehyde occurs as liquid or needles. It is used as intermediate in the preparation of triphenyl methane and related dyes, and organic intermediate. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde might be produced when a moist skin is exposed to the riot control agent CS (o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile). CS hydrolysis to 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile occurs both in vitro and in vivo. Main metabolic pathways of CS in rabbits were estimated quantitatively following iv administration. The products of hydrolysis were o-chlorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile. The toxic actions of CS can be ascribed to o-chlorobenzaldehyde. O-chlorobenzaldehyde showed negative responses in yeast when it was tested for genotoxicity without metabolic activation.

LD50 Mouse ip 10 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit iv 8500 ug/kg

o-Chlorobenzaldehyde's production and use as an intermediate for the manufacture of optical brighteners(1) may result in its limited release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 97(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.33(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that o-chlorobenzaldehyde is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of o-chlorobenzaldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). o-Chlorobenzaldehyde has a vapor pressure of 0.230 mm Hg(5) and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions; therefore, o-chlorobenzaldehyde may volatilize from dry soil. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 8% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6); utilizing Zahn-Wellens inherent biodegradability tests, o-chlorobenzaldehyde reached 90-100% biodegradation in 13-15 days(7), suggesting that under certain environmental conditions biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 97(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.33(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that o-chlorobenzaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 30 hours and 22 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 16(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 8% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(7); utilizing Zahn-Wellens inherent biodegradability tests, o-chlorobenzaldehyde reached 90-100% biodegradation in 13-15 days(8), suggesting that under certain environmental conditions biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), o-chlorobenzaldehyde, which has a vapor pressure of 0.230 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase o-chlorobenzaldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). o-Chlorobenzaldehyde contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of o-chlorobenzaldehyde with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 22 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). o-chlorobenzaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). o-Chlorobenzaldehyde contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 16 was calculated in fish for o-chlorobenzaldehyde(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.33(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of o-chlorobenzaldehyde is estimated as 97(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.33(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that o-chlorobenzaldehyde is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for o-chlorobenzaldehyde is estimated as 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that o-chlorobenzaldehyde is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 30 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 18 days(SRC). o-Chlorobenzaldehyde's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). o-Chlorobenzaldehyde has a vapor pressure of 0.230 mm Hg(3) and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions; therefore, o-chlorobenzaldehyde may volatilize from dry soil(SRC).

Chlorobenzaldehyde, isomer not unspecified, was detected, but not quantified in the volatiles of raw cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz (from the Dominican Republic), but not detected in volatiles of white Gari (from Fed Ins of Ind Res, Nigeria) and farine (from the St Lucia Marketing Board)(1). /Chlorobenzaldehyde/

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 3 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of o-chlorobenzaldehyde in the United States may be as low as 10 workers and as high as fewer than 25 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 739 workers (284 of these were female) were potentially exposed to o-chlorobenzaldehyde in the US(1). Occupational exposure to o-chlorobenzaldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where o-chlorobenzaldehyde is produced or used. Use data as a commercial chemical intermediate indicate that the general population will have limited or no exposure to o-chlorobenzaldehyde.(SRC).

2-Chlorobenzaldehyde might be produced when a moist skin is exposed to the riot control agent CS. CS-hydrolysis to 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile occurs both in vitro and in vivo. No quantitative data have thus far been reported with respect to the percutaneous absorption and the cutaneous biotransformation of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde. Percutaneous absorption, biotransformation and elimination of (14)C-labeled 2-chlorobenzaldehyde was investigated in the rat. Following IV (25 uL/kg) and IP (37.5 uL/kg) (14)C-2-chlorobenzaldehyde administration to rats, the plasma radioactivity declined rapidly over a 24 hr period with similar plasma radioactivity-time profiles. Following cutaneous administration (75 uL/kg) in a closed glass-cup on the skin a slow skin penetration occurred as indicated by plasma radioactivity levels. A slow increase in plasma radioactivity was followed by a slow decline of radioactivity in plasma over a 3-day period. Most of the radioactivity was found in the urine with low levels in feces and exhaled air. The cutaneously administered radioactivity was also partly recovered from the glass-cup. For the qualitative and quantitative determination of metabolites in urine, a thin layer chromatography-radioautography method was used. The metabolic patterns of urinary excreted metabolites following cutaneous application and systemic administration of (14)C-2-chlorobenzaldehyde to rats were very similar. No parent compound was recovered from the rat urine. 2-Chlorohippuric acid was the principal urinary metabolite. Quantitatively, the urinary excretion of (14)C-2-chlorobenzyl alcohol following cutaneous application differed substantially from that after the systemic administration. There was no evidence of storage in the skin or skin toxicity of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde following cutaneous application.

Main metabolic pathways of o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) in rabbits were estimated quantitatively following iv administration. The products of hydrolysis were o-chlorobenzaldehyde (o-Cbald) and malononitrile. The toxic actions of CS can be ascribed to o-Cbald.|Male adult Wistar rats dosed i.p. with o-substituted benzaldehydes (o-F, o-Cl, and o-Br = V, VI, and VII) excreted mercapturic acids in urine. These acids were identified as N-acetyl-S-(ortho-substituted benzyl)cysteines (I, II, III). The total mercapturic acid excretion as % dose (2.0 mmol/kg, n = 4) was 1.2 +/- 0.4, 6.8 +/- 0.9, and 10.4 +/- 2.0 for V, VI, and VII. p-Cl-benzaldehyde administered in the same dose showed a non-significant urinary thioether excretion. The aim of the investigation was to prove in vivo a postulated metabolic pathway of substituted benzaldehydes via sulfate esters to mercapturic acids. After a single administration of the sodium salts of o- and p-Cl-benzylsulfuric acid a significant increase in mercapturic acid excretion of 21.2 +/- 1.8% and 14.5 +/- 1.2% of dose (2.0 mmol/kg, n = 4) was found. By pretreatment with pyrazole the mercapturic acid excretion increased after administration of o-Cl-benzyl alcohol (IX) whereas a significant decrease was found after administration of o-Cl-benzaldehyde (VI). After simultaneous administration of ethanol with IX and VI an increase in mercapturic acid excretion was observed. After previous administration of pentachlorophenol a significant decrease in urinary mercapturic acid excretion for IX and VI was found. These findings are in accordance with a metabolic pathway of substituted benzaldehydes via benzyl alcohols, subsequently sulfate esters to the corresponding benzylmercapturic acids.

In cat blood in vivo, o-chlorobenzaldehyde had /a/ half /life/ of ... 9.5 s.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include skin, eye and upper respiratory tract irritation. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may cause skin, eye and respiratory tract irritation. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Considering administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

2-chlorobenzaldehyde

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Benzaldehyde, 2-chloro-: ACTIVE