Solvent Yellow 33

273.29

273.07900

232-318-2

44F3HYL954

18950|7503|3047

DTXSID00873130

Bright greenish yellow|Yellow brown in concentrated H2SO4, yellow flocculent precipitate in dilution|Yellow-gold powder

3204909000

47.03000

3.39760

D & c yellow 11 appears as bright greenish yellow solid or canary yellow powder. (NTP, 1992)

1.345 g/cm3

241 °C

514.5ºC at 760 mmHg

260ºC

1.704

Soluble in acetone, benzene, toluene and xylene; slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, linseed oil, mineral oil, paraffin wax and stearic acid

Store in a cool, dry place. Keep container closed when not in use.

2.73X10-9 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Henry's Law constant = 6.12X10-14 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 5.28 (amine) (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.97X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

NONH for all modes of transport

3

22-36/37/38-36/38

24/25-36-26-37/39

GC5796000

Xn,Xi

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P305 + P351 + P338

H315-H319-H335

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

All batches of this color additive when used in externally applied drugs shall meet the specifications, uses and restrictions, and labeling regulations contained in 21 CFR Part 74 and be certified in accordance with regulations in 21 CFR Part 80.|All batches of this color additive when used in coloring externally applied cosmetics shall meet the specifications, uses and restrictions, and labeling regulations contained in 21 CFR Part 74 and be certified in accordance with regulations in 21 CFR Part 80.

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 38 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H315 (46.32%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P281, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 199 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this material from exposure to light, and store it in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

LD50 Dog oral >1 g/kg|LD50 Rat oral >5 g/kg|LD50 Mouse intravenous 36 mg/kg

Groups of 60 male and 60 female F0 rats were given 0, 500, 1,700, or 5,000 ppm D&C Yellow No.11 in feed for up to 19 weeks, which resulted in average daily doses of 35, 120, or 350 mg D&C Yellow No.11/kg body weight to males and 35, 120, or 370 mg/kg t o females. All F0 males and females survived until the end of the study. Prior to cohabitation, mean body weight gains of males given 500, 1,700, or 5,000 ppm and of females given 5,000 ppm were significantly lower than those of the controls. The mean body weight gains of exposed females during gestation and lactation were generally similar to those of the controls. Feed consumption by exposed groups of rat s was generally similar to that by the control groups prior to cohabitation. The duration of gestation, the average litter size, the number of live pups on days 4 (precull) and 21, and the percentage of male pups for each exposure group were similar to those of the controls. The mean body weights of exposed litters were significantly less than those of the control litters on days 14 and 21; this effect was considered to be related to D&C Yellow No.11 exposure.|Groups of 60 male and 60 female F1 rats were given 0, 500, 1,700, or 5,000 ppm D&C Yellow No.11 in feed for 105 (males) or 106 (females) weeks after weaning (day 28); 6 to 10 rats per group were evaluated at 12 months. These exposure concentrations resulted in average daily doses of approximately 25, 85, or 250 mg D&C Yellow No.11/kg body weight to males and 25, 100, or 280 mg/kg to females. Survival of males given 1,700 or 5,000 ppm was significantly less than that of the controls, and survival of 1,700 ppm females was significantly greater than that of the controls. Mean body weights of 1,700 and 5,000 ppm males and females were generally lower than those of the controls throughout the study. Feed consumption by exposed groups was similar to that by the controls. Chemical-related clinical findings included yellow discoloration of the entire body in all exposed males and females from day 1 and head swelling and edema in 1,700 and 5,000 ppm males. One 1,700 ppm and five 5,000 ppm males were moribund and were killed between weeks 49 and 81; these deaths were attributed to extensive edema. A few minimal hematology changes occurred in male rats at the 12-month interim evaluation. There was evidence of minimal anemia in exposed males; this anemia was characterized by decreased hematocrit values, hemoglobin concentrations, and erythrocyte counts. The minimal anemia was characterized as normocytic, normochromic, and nonresponsive. There were no biologically or statistically significant differences in hematology parameters between control and exposed females. Absolute and relative liver weights of all exposed groups of males and females were significantly greater than those of the controls at 12 months. At 2 years, the incidences of hepatocellular adenoma in 5,000 ppm males and of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in 5,000 ppm females were significantly greater than those in the controls. At 12 months, the incidences of clear cell foci in 1,700 and 5,000 ppm females were significantly greater than that in the controls. At 2 years, the incidences of mixed cell foci in exposed males and of clear cell foci in exposed males (except 500 ppm) and females were significantly greater than those in the controls. Incidences of cytologic alterations (basophilia and granularity) of hepatocytes, and pigmentation in bile duct epithelium, hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells in exposed males and females were greater than those in the controls at both 12 months and 2 years. Renal tubule adenomas were observed in two 5,000 ppm males, and one renal tubule carcinoma was observed in a 1,700 ppm male. During an extended evaluation, renal tubule adenomas were observed in two additional 5,000 ppm males, four 1,700 ppm males, and two 500 ppm males. Renal tubule hyperplasia was observed in exposed groups of males but not in controls, and the incidences in 1,700 ppm males from both standard and extended evaluations were significantly greater than those in the controls. Necrosis and regeneration of the renal tubule epithelium were observed in all control and exposed male rats and in most female rats at 12 months and 2 years. The severity of nephropathy in exposed males and females was significantly greater than that in the controls. In exposed males and 1,700 ppm females at 2 years, the incidences of hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium in the kidney, which commonly accompanies advanced nephropathy, were greater than those of the controls, and the severity of this lesion in exposed males and females was greater than that in the controls. The incidences of renal tubule pigmentation in all exposed groups of males and females at 12 months and 2 years were significantly greater than those in the controls. Squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue were observed in one 500 ppm male at 12 months and one 5,000 ppm female at 2 years, and one squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa was observed in each group of exposed males and in one 5,000 ppm female at 2 years. At 2 years, squamous cell papillomas were observed in the oral cavity (oral mucosa or tongue) of one control, one 500 ppm, two 1,700 ppm, and four 5,000 ppm males; this lesion was also observed in one control and 500 ppm female.

D&C Yellow No. 11's production and use in lacquers and resins, in hydrocarbon solvents, in externally applied drugs and cosmetics(1) and in wool dye(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as a smoke colorant(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3800(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.10(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that D&C Yellow No. 11 is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The estimated pKa of D&C Yellow No. 11 is 5.28(4), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of the neutral species from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.1X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(6). D&C Yellow No. 11 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.7X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2012).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3800(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.10(2)and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that D&C Yellow No. 11 is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.1X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). An estimated pKa of 5.28(6) indicates D&C Yellow No. 11 will exist partially in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 61(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Biodegadation data in water were not available(SRC, 2012).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), D&C Yellow No. 11, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.73X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase. Particulate-phase D&C Yellow No. 11 may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). D&C Yellow No. 11 contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

D&C Yellow No. 11 is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). D&C Yellow No. 11 does contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 61 was calculated in fish for D&C Yellow No. 11(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.10(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Koc of D&C Yellow No. 11 is estimated as 3800(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.10(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that D&C Yellow No. 11 is expected to have slight mobility in soil. The estimated pKa of D&C Yellow No. 11 is 5.28(4), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

The Henry's Law constant for D&C Yellow No. 11 is estimated as 6.1X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that D&C Yellow No. 11 is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). D&C Yellow No. 11 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.7X10-9 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 14,314 workers (4,310 US(1). Occupational exposure to D&C Yellow No. 11 may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where D&C Yellow No. 11 is produced or used(SRC). Aerosolized D&C Yellow No. 11 particles <10 um concentration range of <0.04-029 mg/cu m were measured in some of the general work areas in a US colored smoke munitions production plant. With fill and press operations cordoned off by protective acrylic curtains, a range 0.6-5.8 mg/cu m was reported. D&C Yellow No. 11 content of filters placed in various plant locations were as follows (% dye of mass collected): inside reamer, 41; reamer operator 1, 43; fill and press area, 45; cubicle (weighing of "pure" dye), 84; corridor near fill and press, 0(2). Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to D&C Yellow No. 11 via dermal contact with consumer products containing this compound(SRC).|Respirable D&C Yellow No. 11 content in the breathing zones of 8 areas in a US colored smoke munitions production plant were (in ug): weighing cubicle, 409; operator 1, 33.9; hallway near weighing cubicle, 3.6; operator 2, 136.3; exterior corridor near fill and press, 26.2; inside fill and press, 542.4; inside reamer enclosure, 936; outside fill and press, 93.5(1).

/Investigators/ observed external color changes in Fischer 344 albino rats administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg of Solvent Yellow 33 or Solvent Yellow 33/Solvent Green 3 mixture by gavage. The color changes, which first appeared on day 2 after dosing, were observed throughout a 14-day observation period. The males were light green and the females were yellow. In the absence of vomiting, this observation indicates that the dyes may be excreted through the skin.|/Investigators/ exposed male F344/N rats to (14)C-solvent yellow aerosols (160 nmol solvent yellow/liter air) or a mixture of (14)C-solvent yellow and unlabeled solvent green (340 nmol solvent yellow and 370 nmol solvent green/liter air) for 60 min. After either exposure, solvent yellow was rapidly cleared from the respiratory tract, with a t1/2 of 2-3 hr. Solvent green was retained in the lungs with a minimum estimated t1/2 for clearance of 22 days. Solvent green was not detected in other tissues during the 70-hr post-exposure period. After either exposure, high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of tissues extracts indicated that 40 to 75% of the (14)C in liver and kidney consisted of solvent yellow metabolites. Greater than 90% of the (14)C in the lungs was unmetabolized solvent yellow. The major pathway for excretion of solvent yellow and solvent yellow metabolites was the feces (74% of the initial body burden) ... Urinary (14)C accounted for 14% of the initial body burden ... Over 90% of the (14)C excreted in the urine was solvent yellow metabolites. Very little solvent yellow (2%) was metabolized to (14)CO2. By 72 hr after exposure, only 10% of the initial (14)C deposited remained in the body.|The disposition of 2-(2-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione (D. C. yellow #11, DCY) in male Fischer rats dosed intravenously or by feeding was determined. For rats given (14)C-DCY in the feed (0.00044-0.41% of the diet), recovery of radioactivity during the 24-hr dosing period and the 72-hr period thereafter ranged from 89.1 to 93.9% for feces and from 4.98 to 6.25 for urine. Tissues contained only trace amounts. Following intravenous dosing with (14)C-DCY (0.93 mg/kg), radioactivity distributed readily into most tissues; maximum amounts were present at 5 min, the earliest time of assay. Maximum amounts of radioactivity in fat, skin, and gut tissue, however, were present at 30 min after dosing. These three tissues also had relatively long alpha phases for the elimination of radioactivity. In 24 hr after intravenous dosing, rats excreted 81.1% of the dose in the feces and 16.0% of the dose in the urine. For rats fitted with biliary cannulas, 54.5% of the dose, all of which was metabolites of (14)C-DCY, was recovered in the bile in 4 hr. Associated with the rapid and extensive biliary excretion of metabolites of intravenously administered (14)C-DCY was the appearance of large amounts of radioactivity in the feces and also, at intermediate time points, in the liver, gut contents, and gut tissue. In conclusion, rats rapidly distribute, metabolize, and excrete (14)C-DCY.|Solvent Yellow 33 is also rapidly absorbed from the lung after repeated exposures; less than 0.2 percent of the quantity deposited after each exposure is retained (i.e., 99.8 percent is absorbed within 16 hr).

Only 13 and 40 percent of the products excreted in urine and feces, respectively, are umetabolized Solvent Yellow 33. Therefore, a large fraction of the dye is metabolized, probably in the liver and kidney.

/Investigators/ exposed male F344/N rats to (14)C-solvent yellow aerosols (160 nmol solvent yellow/liter air) or a mixture of (14)C-solvent yellow and unlabeled solvent green (340 nmol solvent yellow and 370 nmol solvent green/liter air) for 60 min. ... The major pathway for excretion of solvent yellow and solvent yellow metabolites was the feces (74% of the initial body burden); the t1/2 for excretion was 14 hr. Urinary (14)C accounted for 14% of the initial body burden and the t1/2 for excretion was 10 hr. ...

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The quinoline color D & C Yellow No. 11 was added to a standard test series. Of 88 patients tested with 1% in PEG, four showed unexplained positive test reactions. One patient had a "flare-up" reaction after 14 days. At rechallenge he reacted to a dilution down to 0.00001%. Simultaneous reaction with the chemically related commonly used food color Quinoline Yellow (E 104) suggests cross-sensitivity.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Repeat insult patch testing of the quinoline dyes, D & C Yellow No. 10 (Acid Yellow No. 3) and D & C Yellow No. 11 (Solvent Yellow No. 33) demonstrated that concentrations as high as 1,000 ppm of the former induced no delayed contact hypersensitivity, whereas, concentrations of 20 ppm and 10 ppm of D & C Yellow No. 11 induced delayed hypersensitivity reactions in human volunteer panelists. No definitive hypersensitivity resulted from testing with 5 ppm of this dye. 2 persons who had been demonstrated to have reacted allergically to the use of a soap bar that contained D & C Yellow No. 11 did not react to the ad libitum use of a soap bar in which this dye was replaced with D & C Yellow No. 10.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Investigators/ reported that 14 of 56 /volunteers subjected/ to repeat insult patch tests with 20 percent Solvent Yellow 33 in petroleum showed a strong positive reaction when challenged or during the 9th or 10th induction patch. Two years later 9 of the 14 positive subjects were rechallenged with 20 percent Solvent Yellow 33 in petroleum; 3 showed a positive reaction after a first 48-hr patch, and 2 more were positive after the second 48-hr patch.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Investigators/ describe contact dermatitis due to solvent yellow 33 in 11 of 149 volunteers who developed a sensitization reaction when tested with solvent yellow 33 concentrations of 16.4 ppm in a modified Draize test.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for D & C Yellow no. 11 (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The chemical for the dye exists as three tautomeric structures in equilibrium between resonance forms: (a) 2-(2-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione (CAS No. 83-08-9); (b) 3-hydroxy-2-(2-quinolinyl)-1H-inden-1-one (CAS No.5662-02-2); and (c) 2-(2(1H)-quinolinylidene)-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione (CAS No. 5662-03-3). Based on chemical principles the main tautomeric structure in solution is structure (b).

C.I. Solvent Yellow 33: ACTIVE|1H-Indene-1,3(2H)-dione, 2-(2-quinolinyl)-: ACTIVE|Synthetic dye consisting principally of quinaphthalone (2-(2-quinolinyl)-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione)

/Investigators/ used reverse-phase HPLC (C18 column) with an isocratic 10 percent distilled water:90 percent methanol mobile phase to measure concentrations in Solvent Yellow 33 for toxicity tests. The retention time for the major componets of Solvent Yellow 33 ranged from 6.80 to 7.01 minutes with one minor contaminant (not identified) eluted at 8.42 minutes. The detection limit was 0.08 mg/L.|/Investigators/ extracted and separated Solvent Yellow 33 from tablet-coating formulations. The formulation was treated with phosphoric acid, dissolved in methanol, and made alkaline with ammonium hydroxide. The solution was then centrifuged and the supernate was analyzed by thin layer chromatography on silica gel plates using ethyl acetate:methanol: water: concentrated ammonium hydroxide (150:40:35:5) as the solvent system.|... Solvent Yellow 33 /was analyzed/ by reverse-phase HPLC (gradient of 90:10) methanol:water up to 100 percent methanol in 10 min, 1 mL/min flow rate, ultraviolet detection at 254 nm). The major component was 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1,3-indandion (93.1 percent) with minor components of phthalic acid/anhydride (<1.8 percent) and quinaldine (<0.4 percent). Solvent Yellow 33 was purified by recrystallizing tree times with ethyl acetate. HPLC analysis of the purified dye indicated <0.1 percent impurities.|Major and minor components of colored smoke mixtures can be separated and identified by various methods, depending on the solubility and volatility of the major compounds. These techniques include thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectrometry.

Food additives|Cosmetics -> Cosmetic colorant; Hair dyeing