Raspberry Ketone

164.20100

164.20

226-806-4

7QY1MH15BG

26515

DTXSID5044495

Colorless crystals

2914501100

37.30000

1.5

DryPowder; PelletsLargeCrystals

1.088 g/cm3

83.5-84.5 °C

190-210 °C @ Press: 18 Torr

122.9ºC

1.535

soluble in oils; moderately soluble in ethanol

Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry area away from incompatible substances.

5.7X10-4 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Sweet fruity, warm odor resembling raspberry preserve

Taste characteristics at 20 ppm: sweet, berry, raspberry, woody and jammy with a ripe, powdery nuance

Henry's Law constant = 5.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 9.51 (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 4.5X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

NONH for all modes of transport

2

R22

26-36/37/39

EL8925000

Xn

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P301 + P312 + P330

H302

SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company

Materials to avoid: Strong oxidizing agents

4-(p-Hydroxylphenyl)-2-butanone is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2006 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Skin and body protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Eye protection Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Hand protection: Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|Respiratory protection: For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator.For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Flammable liquid

Special protective equipment for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary|Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide

Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust.|Hygiene measures Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Do not let product enter drains.

...Tested at 12% in petrolatum, it produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects.

Raspberry ketone has been detected as a component of tobacco smoke(1).

LD50 Rat ip 350 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 1320 mg/kg

LD50 rat ip 0.7 g/kg for males and 0.35 g/kg for females /p-hydroxyphenylbutanone dissolved in propylene glycol/|LD50 rabbit acute oral and acute dermal 5 g/kg /p-hydroxyphenylbutanone dissolved in propylene glycol/|LD50 rat oral 1.32 g/kg for males and 1.40 g/kg for females /p-hydroxyphenylbutanone dissolved in propylene glycol/

Raspberry ketone occurs in raspberries at typical concentrations of 1-4 mg/kg of raspberries(1). Raspberry ketone has been found in numerous plant genera, such as Artemisia, Capparis, Dendrobium, Hippophae, Larix, Limonium, Pinus, Prunus, Rheum, Rubus, Saxifraga, Taxus, Vaccinium, Vanilla, and Vitis(2). Raspberry ketone is reported to occur in cranberry, blackberry, loganberry and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L)(3). Raspberry ketone is one of the major aromatic compounds of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus)(4). Raspberry ketone has been found in the glands of the melon fly (Dacus cucurbitae) and of the North American beaver (Castor canadensis)(2).

Raspberry ketone's production and use in perfumery, in cosmetics, and as a food additive to impart a fruity odor in products such as soft drinks, sweets, puddings and ice creams(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 217(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that raspberry ketone is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of raspberry ketone from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Although raspberry ketone's estimated vapor pressure of 5.7X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), suggests that volatilization from dry soil may not occur(SRC), raspberry ketone has a strong odor reminiscent of raspberries(3) which suggests some volatilization may occur(SRC). Aliphatic ketones, such as methyl ethyl ketone and dimethyl ketone, absorb UV-light at wavelengths >290 nm and are susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(4,5); therefore, raspberry ketone may be susceptible to direct photolysis on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight(SRC). Data specific to the environmental biodegradation of raspberry ketone were not available(SRC 2014). However, raspberry ketone is a mono-substituted phenol with a structure suggesting that it may be biodegradable(SRC) in the environment(6). Analagous compounds, phenol and p-ethylphenol, present at 100 mg/L, reached 85-90% of their theoretical BODs in 4 weeks using the Japanese MITI test which classified them as readily biodegradable(7).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 217(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that raspberry ketone may adsorb moderately to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 4.4(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.48(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Aliphatic ketones, such as methyl ethyl ketone and dimethyl ketone, absorb UV-light at wavelengths >290 nm and are susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(5,6); therefore, raspberry ketone may be susceptible to direct photolysis on water surfaces exposed to sunlight(SRC). Raspberry ketone contains a phenol function, and phenols are susceptible to photo-oxidation via peroxy and hydroxyl radicals in natural waters exposed to sunlight with a half-life on the order of two weeks at the water's surface(7). Raspberry ketone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Data specific to the environmental biodegradation of raspberry ketone were not available(SRC 2014). However, raspberry ketone is a mono-substituted phenol with a structure suggesting that it may be biodegradable(SRC) in the environment(8). Analagous compounds, phenol and p-ethylphenol, present at 100 mg/L, reached 85-90% of their theoretical BODs in 4 weeks using the Japanese MITI test which classified them as readily biodegradable(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), raspberry ketone, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 5.7X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase raspberry ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase raspberry ketone may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Aliphatic ketones, such as methyl ethyl ketone and dimethyl ketone, absorb UV-light at wavelengths >290 nm and are susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(3,4); therefore, raspberry ketone may be susceptible to direct photolysis(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of raspberry ketone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8.5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Raspberry ketone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Aliphatic ketones, such as methyl ethyl ketone and dimethyl ketone, absorb UV-light at wavelengths >290 nm and are susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(3,4). The rate of photolysis of methyl ethyl ketone has been approximated as 4 days(3); therefore, direct photolysis of raspberry ketone, which contains a methyl ethyl ketone function, may have some importance as an environmental fate process(SRC). Raspberry ketone also contains a phenol function, and phenols are susceptible to photo-oxidation via peroxy and hydroxyl radicals in natural waters exposed to sunlight with a half-life on the order of two weeks at the water's surface(5).

An estimated BCF of 4.4 was calculated in fish for raspberry ketone(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.48(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of raspberry ketone can be estimated to be 217(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that raspberry ketone is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for raspberry ketone is estimated as 5.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that raspberry ketone is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Raspberry ketone's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Although raspberry ketone's estimated vapor pressure of 5.7X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1), suggests that volatilization from dry soil may not occur(SRC), raspberry ketone has a strong odor reminiscent of raspberries(3) which suggests some volatilization may occur(SRC).

Extraction of pure raspberry ketone from raspberries is usually 1-4 mg/kg of raspberries(1). Raspberry ketone was detected in the aroma components of freshly brewed Arabica and Ethiopian coffees(2,3). Reported uses of raspberry ketone in foods: baked goods, 13.05 ppm (51.15 ppm max); chewing gum, 70.85 ppm (209.5 ppm max); frozen dairy, 9.25 ppm (30.34 ppm max); gelatins and puddings, 13.50 ppm (28.87 ppm max); hard candy, 16.74 ppm (33.69 ppm max); nonalcoholic beverages, 2.76 ppm (11.39 ppm max); soft candy, 13.42 ppm (35.99 ppm); sweet sauce, 0.90 ppm (1.4 ppm max)(4).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of raspberry ketone is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,557 workers (276 of these were female) were potentially exposed to raspberry ketone in the US(1). Occupational exposure to raspberry ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where raspberry ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to raspberry ketone via inhalation from the aroma of plants and foods and from tobacco smoke, via ingestion of foods and nutritional supplements, and through dermal contact with consumer products containing raspberry ketone(SRC).

EXPL THER Melanogenesis inhibition by raspberry ketone (RK) from Rheum officinale was investigated both in vitro in cultivated murine B16 melanoma cells and in vivo in zebrafish and mice. In B16 cells, RK inhibited melanogenesis through a post-transcriptional regulation of tyrosinase gene expression, which resulted in down regulation of both cellular tyrosinase activity and the amount of tyrosinase protein, while the level of tyrosinase mRNA transcription was not affected. In zebrafish, RK also inhibited melanogenesis by reduction of tyrosinase activity. In mice, application of a 0.2% or 2% gel preparation of RK applied to mouse skin significantly increased the degree of skin whitening within one week of treatment. In contrast to the widely used flavoring properties of RK in perfumery and cosmetics, the skin-whitening potency of RK has been demonstrated in the present study. Based on our findings reported here, RK would appear to have high potential for use in the cosmetics industry.|EXPL THER The decrease in the bone mass associated with osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy, aging, and other conditions is accompanied by an increase in bone marrow adipose tissue. The balance between osteoblasts and adipocytes is influenced by a reciprocal relationship. The development of modalities to promote local/systemic bone formation by inhibiting bone marrow adipose tissue is important in the treatment of fractures or metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In this study, we examined whether raspberry ketone [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one: RK], which is one of the major aromatic compounds of red raspberry and exhibits anti-obesity action, could promote osteoblast differentiation in C3H10T1/2 stem cells. Confluent C3H10T1/2 stem cells were treated for 6 days with 10-100 ug/mL of RK in culture medium containing 10 nM all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) or 300 ng/mL recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 protein as an osteoblast-differentiating agent. RK in the presence of ATRA increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in a dose-dependent manner. RK in the presence of rhBMP-2 also increased ALP activity. RK in the presence of ATRA also increased the levels of mRNAs of osteocalcin, alpha1(I) collagen, and TGF-betas (TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3) compared with ATRA only. RK promoted the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 stem cells into osteoblasts. However, RK did not affect the inhibition of early-stage adipocyte differentiation. Our results suggest that RK enhances the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 stem cells into osteoblasts, and it may promote bone formation by an action unrelated to adipocyte differentiation.|EXPL THER Numerous natural products are marketed and sold claiming to decrease body weight and fat, but few undergo finished product-specific research demonstrating their safety and efficacy. To determine the safety and efficacy of a multi-ingredient supplement containing primarily raspberry ketone, caffeine, capsaicin, garlic, ginger and Citrus aurantium (Prograde Metabolism [METABO]) as an adjunct to an eight-week weight loss program. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, 70 obese but otherwise healthy subjects were randomly assigned to METABO or a placebo and underwent 8?weeks of daily supplementation, a calorie restricted diet, and exercise training. Subjects were tested for changes in body composition, serum adipocytokines (adiponectin, resistin, leptin, TNF-a, IL-6) and markers of health including heart rate and blood pressure. Of the 45 subjects who completed the study, significant differences were observed in: body weight (METABO -2.0% vs. placebo -0.5%, P<0.01), fat mass (METABO -7.8 vs. placebo -2.8%, P<0.001), lean mass (METABO +3.4% vs. placebo +0.8%, P<0.03), waist girth (METABO -2.0% vs. placebo -0.2%, P<0.0007), hip girth (METABO -1.7% vs. placebo -0.4%, P<0.003), and energy levels per anchored visual analogue scale (VAS) (METABO +29.3% vs. placebo +5.1%, P<0.04). During the first 4 weeks, effects/trends for maintaining elevated serum leptin (P<0.03) and decreased serum resistin (P<0.08) in the METABO group vs. placebo were also observed. No changes in systemic hemodynamics, clinical blood chemistries, adverse events, or dietary intake were noted between groups. METABO administration is a safe and effective adjunct to an eight-week diet and exercise weight loss program by augmenting improvements in body composition, waist and hip girth. Adherence to the eight-week weight loss program also led to beneficial changes in body fat in placebo. Ongoing studies to confirm these results and clarify the mechanisms (i.e., biochemical and neuroendocrine mediators) by which METABO exerts the observed salutary effects are being conducted. /Multi-ingredient supplement containing raspberry ketone/|EXPL THER Raspberry ketone (RK) is a natural phenolic compound of the red raspberry. The dietary administration of RK to male mice has been reported to prevent high-fat diet-induced elevation in body weight and to increase lipolysis in white adipocytes. To elucidate a possible mechanism for the antiobesity action of RK, its effects on the expression and the secretion of adiponectin, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 were investigated. Treatment with 10 uM of RK increased lipolysis significantly in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. An immunoassay showed that RK increased both the expression and the secretion of adiponectin, an adipocytokine mainly expressed and secreted by adipose tissue. In addition, treatment with 10 uM of RK increased the fatty acid oxidation and suppressed lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These findings suggest that RK holds great promise as an herbal medicine since its biological activities alter the lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.|EXPL THER Raspberry ketone (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one; RK) is a major aromatic compound of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus). The structure of RK is similar to the structures of capsaicin and synephrine, compounds known to exert anti-obese actions and alter the lipid metabolism. The present study was performed to clarify whether RK helps prevent obesity and activate lipid metabolism in rodents. To test the effect on obesity, our group designed the following in vivo experiments: 1) mice were fed a high-fat diet including 0.5, 1, or 2% of RK for 10 weeks; 2) mice were given a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and subsequently fed the same high-fat diet containing 1% RK for the next 5 weeks. RK prevented the high-fat-diet-induced elevations in body weight and the weights of the liver and visceral adipose tissues (epididymal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric). RK also decreased these weights and hepatic triacylglycerol content after they had been increased by a high-fat diet. RK significantly increased norepinephrine-induced lipolysis associated with the translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase from the cytosol to lipid droplets in rat epididymal fat cells. In conclusion, RK prevents and improves obesity and fatty liver. These effects appear to stem from the action of RK in altering the lipid metabolism, or more specifically, in increasing norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in white adipocytes.

Urinary analyses showed ketones in the urine of all treated animals at 7 and 13 weeks. The authors reported that this effect appeared within 12 hr in rats fed a diet containing 1% 4-(para-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone for-7 days, and disappeared within 9 hr when the rats were returned to normal diet. The ketonuria, which was possibly due to metabolites present in the urine, was considered not to be a toxic effect.|1. The metabolism of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one(raspberry ketone) was studied in rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits. 2. Following intragastric dosage (1 mmol/kg) urinary metabolite excretion was nearly complete within 24 hr, amounting to roughly 90% of the dose in all species. 3. The most prominent urinary metabolites were raspberry ketone and its corresponding carbinol, both largely conjugated with glucuronic acid and/or sulphate. The extent of ketone reduction was greatest in rabbits. 4. Oxidative metabolism included ring hydroxylation and side-chain oxidation. The latter pathway led to 1,2- and 2,3-diol derivatives. It is proposed that the latter undergo cleavage to furnish the C6-C3 and C6-C2 derivatives detected.|A ketone (probably acetone) was found in the urine of rats fed p-hydroxyphenylbutanone at 1% in the diet. After administration of a single 200-mg dose, rats excreted about 6% of the dose unchanged within 24 hr. A positive reaction for ketones being obtained only in urine produced between 1 and 6 hr after treatment.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was tested at a concentration of 12% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...Tested at 12% in petrolatum, it produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects.|/CASE REPORTS/ Occupational leukoderma was found to be caused by exposure to depigmentation agents. This is the first report associated with the depigmenting activity of 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone and its crude products. The purpose of this paper is to present three cases of occupational leukoderma in the upper extremities of workers engaged in the manufacturing of 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone. Two workers had symptoms of dermatitis in the same areas before depigmentation. An epidemiological study, their clinical courses and results of phototesting suggest that these cases of leukoderma were due to exposure to 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone and its crude products.|/ENDOCRINE MODULATION/ Sensory neurons release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on activation. We recently reported that topical application of capsaicin increases facial skin elasticity and promotes hair growth by increasing dermal insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) production through activation of sensory neurons in ... humans. Raspberry ketone (RK), a major aromatic compound contained in red raspberries (Rubus idaeus), has a structure similar to that of capsaicin. Thus, it is possible that RK activates sensory neurons, thereby increasing skin elasticity and promoting hair growth by increasing dermal IGF-I production.... When applied topically to the scalp and facial skin, 0.01% RK promoted hair growth in 50.0% of humans with alopecia (n=10) at 5 months after application and increased cheek skin elasticity at 2 weeks after application in 5 females (p<0.04). These observations strongly suggest that RK might increase dermal IGF-I production through sensory neuron activation, thereby promoting hair growth and increasing skin elasticity.|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The effect of essential oils, such as raspberry ketone, on androgen (AR) receptor was investigated using a MDA-kb2 human breast cancer cell line for predicting potential AR activity. Among them, eugenol had the highest AR antagonistic activity with its IC(50) value of 19 uM. Raspberry ketone, which has threefold higher anti-obese activity than that of capsaicin, also had AR antagonist activity with its IC(50) value of 252 uM. Based on these findings, a more precise CoMFA model was proposed as follows: pIC(50) [log (1/IC(50))]=3.77+[CoMFA field terms] (n=39, s=0.249, r(2)=0.834, s(cv)=0.507, q(2)=0.311 (three components).

4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one

Trade Names: Frambinon (DRAGOCO), Oxyphenylon (IFF).|Metabo - A multi-ingredient supplement containing primarily raspberry ketone, caffeine, capsaicin, garlic, ginger and Citrus aurantium.

Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing|2-Butanone, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-: ACTIVE|p-Hydroxyphenylbutanone was shown to be an ... attractant for the male melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae, but not for an olfactory mutant of the fruit-fly, Drosophila melanogaster, characterized by a marked attraction to 4-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one.|Demand for "natural" raspberry ketone is growing considerably. However, this product is extremely expensive. Consequently, there is a remaining desire to better understand how raspberry ketone is synthesized in vivo, and which genes and enzymes are involved. With this information .. /investigators/ will then be in a better position to design alternative production strategies such as microbial fermentation. This article focuses on the identification and application of genes potentially linked to raspberry ketone synthesis. ... /The authors/ have isolated candidate genes from both raspberry and other plants, and these have been introduced into bacterial and yeast expression systems. Conditions have been determined that result in significant levels of raspberry ketone, up to 5 mg/L. These results therefore lay a strong foundation for a potentially renewable source of "natural" flavor compounds making use of plant genes.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Fragrances|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents

Flavoring Agents