1-Nitropyrene

247.25

247.25

226-868-2

TD1665I8Q4

81340

DTXSID6020983

C29781

Yellow needles or prisms from ethanol

2904209090

45.8

5.06

1.4±0.1 g/cm3

155 °C

445.5±14.0 °C at 760 mmHg

223.5±12.9 °C

1.871

In water, 0.0118 mg/l @ 25 deg C

2-8°C

mmo-esc 3 mg/plate MUREAV 142,163,85 mic-sat 2500 ng/plate GDIKAN 29,278,1981

IRRITANT

NONH for all modes of transport

3

40-20/21/22

22-36/37/39-45-36/37

UR2480000

Xn,Xi

Photodecomposition to 2-propanol is readily induced by ultra-violet/ visible light.

P281

H351

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1-NITROPYRENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Reacts with ethanolic potassium hydroxide to form 1,1'-azoxypyrene; also reacts with zinc powder in ethanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of ammonium chloride or ammonia to form 1,1'-azoxypyrene or, without air, 1-aminopyrene & 1-hydroxylaminopyrene.

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. 1-Nitropyrene (5522-43-0) is as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. /Nitroarenes (Selected): 1-Nitropyrene/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s121nitr.pdf]

|Warning|H341 (23.21%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]|P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 56 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P308+P313, P314, P405, and P501

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-NITROPYRENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Emission particulates from diesel (1986 model, 1L) and gasoline (1989 model 2L) engines contained 1-nitropyrene at concns of 170 and 0.73 pmol/mg, respectively(1). The emission rate of 1-nitropyrene from a light-duty (2-L displacement) diesel vehicle with new and used(9000 km) engine oil was 10 and 16 mg/km, respectively(2). The mean emission rate of particulate-associated 1-nitropyrene from a heavy-duty diesel vehicle, (Scania 143 H with a turbo-charged Scania DSC 1403 diesel engine, swept volume of 14.19 L), during transient driving conditions, was 1.6 ug/km(4). 1-Nitropyrene is emitted from light duty gasoline fueled vehicles (without exhaust after-treatment) at a rate of 0.08 and 0.8 ug/kg at cruising speeds of 70 and 90 km/hr, respectively; vehicles containing a catalyst had emission rates of 0.01 and 0.5, respectively(5). Exhaust emissions of 1-nitropyrene from a heavy-duty diesel passenger bus and a heavy-duty diesel truck were measured for a commercial, standard diesel fuel and a commercial diesel fuel for city buses. 1-Nitropyrene concns from the passenger bus were 1.1 and 0.2 ug/km, respectively, and 1.8 and 0.4 ug/kg, respectively, for the heavy-duty truck(5). Emissions of 1-nitropyrene from well-tuned radiant and maltuned convective kerosene space heaters were 0.0006 to 0.001 ng/kJ and below detection (detection limit not reported), respectively(3).|1-Nitropyrene has been detected in coal fly-ash and in flue gases of several coal-fired energy conversion plants, in particles emitted from a wood fireplace (at 0.11 mg/kg) and from a coal-fired boiler(1). Waste-water from gasoline service stations contained detectable levels of 1-nitropyrene (detection limit not reported)(1).

SEDIMENT: Sediment samples collected from the Suimon River (Ogaki City, Japan) contained 1-nitropyrene at 25.2 ug/kg sediment(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Air samples collected from central Stockholm from December 1986 to August 1987 contained 1-nitropyrene at average concns of 8.6 and 3.8 pg/cu m in central and non-central locations, 20 and 12 pg/cu m in high-diesel and low diesel locations, 14 and 6.8 pg/cu m in high-traffic and low-traffic flow locations, respectively(1). Concns of 1-nitropyrene collected in the day and night were 0.04 and 0.03 ng/cu m, respectively, during a high NOx smog episode in Torrance, CA (Feb 1986)(2). 1-Nitropyrene was measured in air samples from St. Louis, MO, Washington, DC, Aurskog, Norway, Claremont, CA, and Torrance, CA at concns of 0.16, 0.20, 0.15, 0.36, and 0.60 ug/g particles, respectively(3). Air samples collected from Barcelona city in 1989 contained 1-nitropyrene at 42, 20, 25, and 15 pg/cu m for samples obtained in the spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively(4). Air samples collected from downtown Kanazawa, Japan contained 1-nitropyrene at mean concns of 598, 476, 932, 871 fmol/cu m in spring, summer, autumn, and winter samples, respectively(5). Maximum and minimum concns of 1-nitropyrene from this location were 4650 (measured from 9 to 11 AM) and 90 (measured from 3 to 5 AM) fmol/cu m, respectively(5). Concns of 1-nitropyrene in air samples collected from Morioka City, Japan, were 0.89 (Oct. 1991), 1.15 (Dec. 1991), and 1.01 (Feb. 1992) ug/g(7). Urban air particulates collected roadside in Leeds, England contained 1-nitropyrene at concns of 50 to 100 pg/cu m(6).|URBAN/SUBURBAN: Mean concns of 1-nitropyrene in air samples collected in Augusta city, Italy in spring, summer, autumn, and winter in 1991/1992 were 3.89, 0.27, 4.2, and 7.92 ng/cu m, respectively(1). 1-Nitropyrene was measured in air samples collected in downtown Athens, Greece, in 1996 at concns of 0.18, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.03 ng/cu m in the winter, spring, summer, and autumn, respectively(2). Air samples from Riverside, CA collected in September 1984, contained 1-nitropyrene at concns from 0.008 to 0.03 ng/cu m(3). 1-Nitropyrene was detected in air samples collected from Deer Park, TX at average concns of 20.2 and 3.94 pg/cu m, sampled on Sept 30, 1990 and Oct 14, 1990, respectively(4). In summer, fall, winter, and spring, average concns of 6.3, 11, 11, and 9.7 pg/cu m were reported for 1-nitropyrene at the Deer Park, TX location, respectively(4). Twenty-four hour samples collected from the Airborne Toxic Elements and Organic Substances (ATEOS), Newark, NJ site from January 1985 to February 1986 contained 1-nitropyrene at concns ranging from below detection (detection limit not reported) to 4600 pg/cu m(5).|INDOOR: Mean indoor air concns of 1-nitropyrene were 0.04 and 0.004 ng/cu m for homes with gas heating/appliances (n=8) versus electric heating/appliances (n=2), respectively(1). Indoor air for two homes with only electric heat and electric appliances (Columbus, OH; sampled March 1987) contained 1-nitropyrene at concns of 0.019 to 0.83 ng/cu m(2).|RURAL/REMOTE: The mean concns of 1-nitropyrene in air samples collected in 1982 from a remote, marine site in Bermuda with different wind trajectories ranged from 7.9 to 76 pg/cu m(1). Air samples from a site in Delaware close to the Cape Henlopen State Park were collected in August 1982; a mean concn of 10.6 pg/cu m was reported(1). Airborne particulate samples collected from a rural location 30 km west of Copenhagen, Denmark in 1982 contained 1-nitropyrene at a mean concn of 0.009 ng/cu m (n=30)(2).

1-Nitropyrene's production and use as a research chemical(1) may result in limited release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1-Nitropyrene is predominantly released to the environment as a combustion product from stationary combustion sources and in vehicle exhausts(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13,500(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 5.06(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-nitropyrene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-nitropyrene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 1-Nitropyrene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 8.3X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Data on the biodegradation of 1-nitropyrene in soil environments are not available. However, in aerobic sediment/water microcosms, 1-nitropyrene was slowly degraded with only 0.24 to 0.76% mineralization reported after 8 weeks(6). The microbial reduction of the nitro group, giving 1-aminopyrene, is expected to occur much more rapidly under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13,500(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 5.06(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-nitropyrene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 4,100(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). The mineralization of 1-nitropyrene in aerobic sediment/water microcosms is slow with only 0.24 to 0.76% mineralization reported after 8 weeks(7). The microbial reduction of the nitro group, giving 1-aminopyrene, is expected to occur much more rapidly under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-nitropyrene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 8.3X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase 1-nitropyrene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). 1-Nitropyrene is susceptible to direct photolysis in the atmosphere although the rate of photolysis is much lower when 1-nitropyrene is adsorbed onto particulates, as would be expected in the air; a half-life of approximately 40 to 50 days was reported for adsorbed 1-nitropyrene exposed to sunlight(3).

1-Nitropyrene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(1). A dark rate constant of 0.002 ppm/min was reported for the decay of particle-associated 1-nitropyrene(from diesel emissions) with ozone (0.6 to 0.9 ppm ozone)(2). 1-Nitropyrene was deposited on glass and Teflon filters, and on glass and Teflon filters loaded with fly ash, diesel exhaust and ambient particles and then exposed in the dark to pure humid air, to air containing 100 ppb each of ozone, SO2, and nitric acid-free NO2 and to particle-free ambient air for 3 hours; no evidence for chemical transformation under any of these conditions was observed(3).|1-Nitropyrene is susceptible to photolysis. 1-Nitropyrene in cyclohexene was degraded 28% (60-minute exposure in a photoreactor using a mercury lamp, filtered with Pyrex); 1-hydroxypyrene was reported as a degradation product(1). In the presence of cosolutes hydroquinone and phenol, 24 and 66% 1-nitropyrene remained, respectively, following 60 minutes of irradiation(1). Glass plates coated with 1-nitropyrene were exposed to sunlight; 72% of the parent compound remained after 4 weeks while no loss of parent was reported in dark controls(2). Loss of the nitro group was reported in the 1-nitropyrene-coated glass plate exposed to sunlight(2). However, 1-nitropyrene sorbed to particulate material is more resistant to photochemical transformation(3,4). 1-Nitropyrene, deposited from the vapor phase onto 45 to 74 um size fraction of a coal fly ash and onto fractions of that ash was exposed to 24 hours of light using a xenon lamp source and rotary quartz cell(3). Loss 1-nitropyrene deposited on various coal ash fractions were as follows: silica gel - 41 to 33%; unfractionated fly ash - 0%; ferromagnetic fraction of fly ash - 10 to 12%; mineral fraction of fly ash - 20 to 21%, and the carbonaceous fraction of fly ash - 0%(3). When 1-nitropyrene in benzene was exposed to sunlight, 52.8% was degraded within 4 hours; when adsorbed onto washed diesel engine soot and exposed to sunlight only 42% of the original 1-nitropyrene was degraded in 40 days (17% in 20 days)(4). In this experiment, the major product of photodegradation, accounting for more than 90% of the degradates, was 9-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene(4).

An estimated BCF of 4,100 was calculated for 1-nitropyrene(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 5.06(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

The Koc of 1-nitropyrene is estimated as 13,500(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.06(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-nitropyrene is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-nitropyrene is estimated as 2.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-nitropyrene is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 1-Nitropyrene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 8.3X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

1-Nitropyrene was detected in Japanese grilled chicken at concns of 3.8 to 43 ug/kg, depending on the grilling time(1).

Occupational exposure to 1-nitropyrene may occur through inhalation of dust particles contaminated with incomplete combustion products and dermal contact with incomplete combustion products containing 1-nitropyrene(SRC). 1-Nitropyrene was measured at greater than 100 times the typical ambient indoor air concn in a potroom where Soderberg electrodes were used for aluminum reduction(1). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-nitropyrene via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water(SRC).

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes. (See all compounds classified as Mutagens.)

Groups of Fischer 344 rats were exposed to [3H]1-nitropyrene by nose only inhalation, either as a coating (about 6% by mass) on relatively insoluble, ultrafine 67gallium oxide particles (6.2 mg/cu m) or as a homogeneous ultrafine aerosol (43 ug/cu m). Rats exposed to 1-nitropyrene on particles excreted the majority of the deposited radioactivity in the feces (75 + or -18%), whereas animals exposed to 1-nitropyrene aerosol excreted a major portion of the radiolabel in the urine (76 + or - 18%). There was no difference in the rates of lung clearance of 1-nitropyrene between the two groups. Most of the aerosol was cleared from the respiratory tract by direct absorption into the blood, while particle associated nitropyrene was cleared by both blood absorption & mucociliary clearance followed by ingestion & fecal excretion.|Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed by nose only inhalation to various concns of [14C]1-nitropyrene & [14C]1-nitropyrene coated on diesel exhaust particles (50-1100 ug/cu m 1-nitropyrene; particulate concn, 70-7200 ug/cu m). Over the range of concns tested, the pathways for excretion of [14C]1-nitropyrene in urine & feces were independent of the concn of nitropyrene, whether given alone or associated with diesel exhaust particles. In all cases, fecal excretion was the major route of elimination, about twice as much being excreted by this route as in the urine. The fractional deposition of [14C]1-nitropyrene in the respiratory tract did not appear to be dependent on the concn. Half times for elimination of (14)C in urine & feces were about 15-20 hr. Lungs of rats exposed to [14C]1-nitropyrene coated on diesel exhaust particles contained nearly 5 times more (14)C than lungs from rats exposed to (14C)-1-nitropyrene alone within 1 hr after exposure. This difference was increased to 80 fold at 94 hr after exposure. The long term half time for clearance of (14)C in the lungs of rats exposed to coated diesel particles was 36 days, in contrast to two days after exposure to 1-nitropyrene alone. The GI absorption of the same 1-nitropyrene preparations was studied after an oral dose of 10 ug/kg bw. Within 1 hr, >90% of (14)C was found in nitropyrene metabolites. The overall excretion pattern of 14C was similar after intratracheal instillation of male Sprague Dawley rats with [14C]1-nitropyrene (8 nmol [2 ug]) either coated onto diesel particles (dose, 20 mg/kg bw), instilled along with unlabelled diesel particles, or administered alone, & was also similar to that seen after ip injection of (14)C-1-nitropyrene alone. Lung retention was also similar to that following inhalation ... . Protein associated radioactivity has been observed in particle treated lungs, with no detectable level of DNA adducts found up to 24 hr after admin.

Several strains of bacterial & gut microflora from animals & humans have been shown to reduce 1-nitropyrene. In some instances, this metab was accompanied by the formation of a DNA adduct identified as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-l-aminopyrene.|... Newborn mice metabolized 1-nitropyrene more efficiently than older mice; the predominant metabolites were phenols & dihydrodiols.|In isolated perfused & ventilated rat lungs, the major metabolites of [14C]1-nitropyrene were 3-, 6-, & 8- hydroxy l-nitropyrene; smaller quantities of 1-hydroxy-l-nitropyrene, 1-aminopyrene & N-acetyl-l-aminopyrene were also detected. Pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene increased the rate of metab ten fold & the extent of radioactivity associated with tissue macromolecules 20 fold. Pretreatment of rats with diesel exhaust (particles, 7.4 Mg/ M3) for 4 wk increased the rate of metab in perfused lung & in nasal tissue two fold & the extent of radioactivity associated with tissue macromolecules in the perfused lung four fold. In isolated perfused rat livers, N-acetyl-l-aminopyrene was the major metabolite of (14)C 1-nitropyrene; smaller quantities of 1-aminopyrene & hydroxy-l-nitropyrenes were detected.|Chinese hamster ovary cells, Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, calf thymus cells, rabbit alveolar macrophages, rabbit epithelial cells & human diploid fibroblasts catalysed the reduction of 1-nitropyrene to an intermediate which bound to DNA, giving an adduct identified as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-l-aminopyrene. Incubation of rabbit lung & tracheal tissues with [14C]1-nitropyrene resulted in association of the radioactivity with cellular DNA. Primary rat hepatocytes, Chinese hamster V79 cells & human hepatoma HepG2 cells catalysed the conversion of 1-nitropyrene into 1-aminopyrene. Oxidized metabolites were also detected with the latter cell line. Cytosolic preparations from the livers of rats, rabbits, & dogs catalysed the reduction of 1-nitropyrene to 1-aminopyrene. Postmitochondrial supernatants of rat liver, lung & nasal tissue & of rabbit & hamster lung & liver catalysed both the oxidation & reduction of 1-nitropyrene. Guinea-pig liver microsomes also catalysed the oxidation of 1-nitropyrene. In some instances, this metab was accompanied by binding to exogenous DNA. Following incubation of [3H]1-nitropyrene with calf thymus DNA, bovine xanthine oxidase & hypoxanthine at 37 °C, covalent binding to DNA was shown to be proportional to the amount of reducing enzyme present.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 1-NITROPYRENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|1-nitropyrene has known human metabolites that include 3-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, 4,5-Dihydro-4,5-epoxy-1-nitropyrene, 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene.

1-Nitropyrene is available for research purposes at 97% (Aldrich Chemical Co., 1988) or greater than or equal to 95% purity with less than or equal to 0.1% total dinitropyrenes and pyrene (Chemsyn Science Laboratories, 1988).

Carcinogens

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

1-nitropyrene

Pyrene, 1-nitro-: ACTIVE|No evidence was found that 1-nitropyrene has been produced in commercial quantities in the USA. One US company is reported to have processed an unspecified amount of 1-nitropyrene in 1977.

Nitroarenes have been analysed by HPLC, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry; some thin-layer chromatography methods have also been described... /Nitroarenes/

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens