α-Terpineol

154.25

154.25

232-268-1

403665|21449

DTXSID5026625|DTXSID8040775

Colorless solid|Pure alpha-isomer is white, crystalline powder

29061400

20.2

1.8

Clear colorless Liquid After Melting

0.935 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

35-40 °C

218-221 °C @ Press: 764 Torr

90 °C

1.483

H2O: negligible soluble

2-8°C

10.501 mmHg @ 20°C

Specific optical rotation: 106.4 deg at 20 °C/D

Floral, lilac

Lime (distilled)

2.23e-06 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 2.30X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Liquid. BP: 206-207 °C at 731 mm Hg. Density: 0.9338 at 20 °C/4 °C. Index of Refraction: 1.4818 at 20 °C/D. Specific Optical Rotation: +92.45 °C/D. Solidifies at 31 °C /d-Terpineol/|Liquid. BP: 80-81.5 °C at 5 mm Hg. MP: Solidifies at 36.4 °C. Density: 0.935 at 20 °C/4 °C. Index of Refraction: 1.4820 at 20 °C/D. Specific OpticalRrotation: -100 deg at 20 °C/D (c = 20 in alcofol) /l-Terpineol/|Liquid. BP: 85 °C at 3 mm Hg, 218.8-219.4 °C at 752 mm Hg. Density: 0.9386 at 15 °C. Index of refraction: 1.4831 at 20 °C/D /dl-Terpineol/|Colorless liquid or transparent crystal form; lilac odor /Terpineol/|Heat of volatilization: 18.0 kJ/mol; Heat of solvation: -11.0 kJ/mol|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.9X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C

NONH for all modes of transport

1

10-38-36/37/38

16-37-26-37/39

WZ6700000

Xi

Chemical stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.

P305 + P351 + P338

H315-H319

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Waste treatment methods: Product: Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Alpha-terpineol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.|Terpineol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. /Terpineol/

|Warning|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, and P362|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2759 companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2244 companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1543 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Aggregated GHS information provided by 44 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Use water spray to cool unopened containers.|Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Control of environmental exposure: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.|Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

As judged by pine oil, terpineols are irritating to eyes and mucous membranes. Produce hemorrhagic gastritis when ingested. /Terpineols/

alpha-Terpineol was detected in 2 of 3 trench leachate samples taken from a low level radioactive waste disposal site in Maxey Flats, KY at 0.31 and 0.49 mg/L; and in 1 of 3 samples taken from 3 trenches in West Valley, NY at 0.64 mg/L(1). alpha-Terpineol was detected in a final effluent sample collected from the Addison POTW, IL, in April 1980 at unreported concentrations; grab samples from 9 other sites in Illinois did not contain detectable concentrations of alpha-terpineol(2). Average concentrations of alpha-terpineol in influent, primary effluent and final effluent from an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant in Ohio over a 3-day period in Sept 1997 were 154,000, 114,000 and 127 ng/L, respectively(3). Average concentrations of alpha-terpineol in influent, primary effluent and final effluent from a trickling filter wastewater treatment plant in Ohio over a 3-day period in Sept 1997 were 55,100, 50,900 and 1450 ng/L, respectively(3). alpha-Terpineol has been detected in secondary effluent taken from a rapid infiltration site at Fort Polk, LA at concentrations of 0.038 and 0.053 ug/L(4). It was identified in the wastewater of a petrochemical company(5). Effluents from two kraft paper mills in Georgia sampled in March 1972 had alpha-terpineol in 7 of 8 samples at 0.001-0.115 mg/L as a volatile constituent(6). alpha-Terpineol was detected in 2 of 9 aerated lagoon discharge samples at a mean and range of 200 and 5-300 ug/L, respectively; samples were collected from softwood bleached kraft pulp mills located across Canada during winter 1980-1981(7). alpha-Terpineol was the predominant terpene in effluent from two kraft pulp mill waste waters receiving secondary treatment in aerated lagoons(8). In 19 wastewater and sludge samples collected from Iona Island Sewage Treatment Plant, British Columbia, Canada, in the early 1980's, alpha-terpineol was detected at 21-496 ug/L(9). Leachate collected from a tile drainage system below a municipal waste disposal site in The Netherlands contained alpha-terpineol at unreported concentrations(10). alpha-Terpineol was detected (concentrations not reported) in samples collected May 2007 from Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant, China(11). alpha-Terpineol was detected at unreported concentrations in head space analyses of kitchen waste exudate(12) and garden waste exudate(13) collected in Denmark.

URBAN/SUBURBAN: alpha-Terpineol was not detected (detection limit 2 ug/cu m) in ambient air samples located outside of offices in France (Paris), Greece (Athens), Hungary (Budapest), Italy (Florence) or The Netherlands (Delft)(1).|RURAL/REMOTE: alpha-Terpineol was detected in Balbina, Amazonia tropical forest atomospheric samples at concentrations of <0.1 ppb(1).

alpha-Terpineol was detected at concentrations of 100 ppb in a chamber study of residue emissions from general purpose cleaner(1). In an indoor air pollution study, application of 8.1 g of air freshener to a model room resulted in concentrations of 23 ug/cu m of alpha-terpineol after 30 minutes(2).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: alpha-Terpineol is a colorless solid. It used in perfumes manufacturing; denaturing fats for soap manufacture; hydrocarbon solvent; solvent for resins, cellulose esters, and ethers; disinfectants; antioxidants; medicines; constituent of flavorings. It is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In human subjects, alpha-terpineol had a low irritative potency but a strong odor. Two dermatitis patients were reported to be sensitized to alpha-terpineol, although attempts to induce skin sensitization in volunteers using a dilute solution of alpha-terpineol were unsuccessful. Two fatalities described in the literature were both due to accidental ingestion of a pine oil-containing products and were attributed to combined toxicity of isopropanol and 1-alpha-terpineol. The regulatory properties of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) on the production of oxygen derived reactive species by human peripheral blood leukocytes activated in vitro was evaluated and found that alpha-terpineol significantly suppressed fMLP-, LPS- and PMA-stimulated superoxide production; suggesting the potential for selective regulation of cell types by these components during inflammation. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rabbits neat alpha-terpineol was a moderate skin irritant. Following acute oral exposure, a low toxicity was generally reported in rodents. Acute toxicity of pine oil (a commercially available disinfectant) after intravenous administration in horses was studied. alpha-Terpineol was identified as a major constituent of pine oil. alpha-Terpineol was recovered from equine tissues after iv injection of 0.1 mL/kg, death due to massive pulmonary edema occurred within minutes. Indirect evidence of liver effects was seen in rats given repeated oral doses. No indication of lung carcinogenicity was seen in a limited study in mice (treated by injection). Terpineol caused a slight but dose-related increase in the number of his+ revertants with Salmonella TA102 tester strain both without and with activation. The effects of terpineol on the compound action potential (CAP) of rat sciatic nerve were studied. Terpineol induced a dose-dependent blockade of the CAP.

LD50 Rat oral 5170 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 12,080 ug/kg|LD50 Mouse im 2000 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse (CD-1, male) oral 2830 mg/kg (95% C. I., 2290-3497 mg/kg)

alpha-Terpineol occurs naturally in over 150 plant species(1) and may be released to the environment as emissions from plants(2) and molds(3).|... found in more than 150 derivatives from leaves, herbs, & flowers. ... the d-form is found in essential oils from Cupressaceae in general: also in oils of Elettaria cardamomum, star anise, marjoram, clary sage, neroli, & others. /d-isomer/|The racemic form is found in cajenne linalool, Thymus caespititius, cajeput, Eucalyptus globulus; mixed with the l-form it is found in petitgrain. A non-defined form of terpineol has been reported in bitter orange. /racemic form/|l-Form is found in Satureia montana, lavandin, cajeput, lime, lemon, cinnamon leaves, & distillates from Pinaceae (with the exception of Pinus silvestris, which contains d-terpineol together with the racemic form); likewise, Nectandra elaiophora (wood) & petitgrain bigarade. /l-isomer/

alpha-Terpineol's production and use in perfumes and soaps, as a disinfectant, antioxidant and flavoring agent or as a solvent for hydrocarbon materials and mutual solvent for resins and cellulose esters and ethers(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).|alpha-Terpineol is a constituent of tobacco smoke.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that alpha-terpineol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of alpha-terpineol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.23X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(3). alpha-Terpineol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.0423 mm Hg at 24 °C(4). Biodegradation of alpha-terpineol is expected based on a degradation rate of >0.10 mg/L/hr under aerobic conditions using a forest soil inoculum(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that alpha-terpineol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.23X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 20 and 150 days, respectively(SRC). alpha-Terpineol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 40(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.98(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). An 84.6% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(7) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), alpha-terpineol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.0423 mm Hg at 24 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase alpha-terpineol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone and nitrate radicals in the air(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 40, 60 and 3 minutes(SRC), calculated from respective rate constants of 1.9X10-10(3), 3.0X10-16(3) and 1.6X10-11(4) cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). alpha-Terpineol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of alpha-terpineol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.9X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 40 minutes at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of alpha-terpineol with ozone is 3.0X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 1 hour at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). alpha-Terpineol is also degraded in the atmosphere through reaction with nitrate radicals; the rate constant for this reaction has been reported to be 1.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life for alpha-terpineol of about 3 minutes at an atmospheric concentration of 2.4X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(5). Degradation products of alpha-terpineol with hydroxyl radicals, ozone and nitrate radicals include 6-hydroxyhept-5-en-2-one, 4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-one, 4-oxopentanal, acetone, glyoxal and methylglyoxal(4,6). alpha-Terpineol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(7). alpha-Terpineol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(7) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 40 was calculated in fish for alpha-terpineol(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.98(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of alpha-terpineol can be estimated to be 80(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that alpha-terpineol is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for alpha-terpineol is reported as 2.23X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that alpha-terpineol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 20 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 150 days(SRC). alpha-Terpineol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). alpha-Terpineol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.0423 mm Hg at 24 °C(3).

SURFACE WATER: alpha-Terpineol was detected in 5 of 11 samples taken from the Delaware river in October 1976 at 0.5-4 ppb; it was not detected in August 1976(1). alpha-Terpineol was qualitatively detected in 6 of 12 samples taken June 1982 to November 1983 from the rivers which flow into the Caroni River and the Caroni River located in Trinidad(2). Water collected from each of 8 small rivers flowing into Lake Constance, Germany, contained alpha-terpineol at unreported concentrations(3).|DRINKING WATER: alpha-Terpineol has been qualitatively detected in drinking water in the United States(1,3) and the United Kingdom(2). In a study of 10 US cities drinking water utilities in 1967-1972, it was detected at a concentration of 0.5 ug/L in a sample taken at the Ottumwa Water Works utility in Ottumwa, IA whose raw water source is the Des Moines River(3).

alpha-Terpineol has been qualitatively detected as a volatile component of fried chicken(1), cooked chicken broth(2), chicken flavor(3), frankfurters (4), muscat grape juice(5), Valencia orange juice(6), Kogyoku apple juice(7), fresh lovage(8), honeysuckle(8), raw earth almonds(9), edible Korean Chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb)(10), pine needle tea(11), and nectarines(12). Cranberry juice has been identified to be 13% alpha-terpineol(13). Pineapple guava contained alpha-terpineol at 0.16 ug/g; it has also been reported in common guava and in strawberry or yellow guava(14). alpha-Terpineol concentrations in mature and overripe guava fruits were 4790.6 and 1357.2 ug/kg, respectively(15). Two of three apricot selections (32, 60 ug/kg) and the Black amber plum cultivar (1 g/kg) contained alpha-terpineol at measurable concentrations(16). alpha-Terpineol was measured in fresh-squeezed unpasteurized orange juice from six different cultivars at a trace to 3.7 ppm(17). alpha-Terpineol was measured in the skin and pulp of Queen Anne's pocket melon at 47.1 and 9.4 ug/kg, respectively(18). alpha-Terpineol was detected in 3 holm-oak, 2 oak and 4 forest honeydew honey samples at mean concentrations 19.5, 45.4 and 29.0 ug/kg, respectively; samples were collected in the fall (year not reported) from locations in Spain(19). alpha-Terpineol has been detected in beer, wine and spirits(20).

ENVIRONMENTAL: In a pilot study of pollutants in the breast milk of women living in 4 urban industrial areas in the USA, alpha-terpineol was detected in 1 of 8 samples(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 6 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of alpha-terpineol in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 50-99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 328,085 workers (125,759 of these are female) were potentially exposed to alpha-terpineol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to alpha-terpineol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where alpha-terpineol is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to alpha-terpineol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing alpha-terpineol(SRC).|Indoor air quality was measured in small and medium sized commercial buildings in California(1). Buildings were chosen from five regions and varied in size, age and use. alpha-Terpineol was detected in 86% fo the 40 samples at a geometric mean and range of 0.11 and not detected (nd) to 15.6 ug/cu m, respectively. Results were(1):[Table#5364]|alpha-Terpineol was not detected in offices in France, Italy or the Netherlands; it was detected in 1 of 6 and 3 of 6 samples from offices in Germany and Hungary at respective concentrations of 0.1 and 0.1-0.3 ug/cu m(1).

In a pilot study of pollutants in the breast milk of women living in 4 urban industrial areas in the USA, alpha-terpineol was detected in 1 of 8 samples(1).

... After iv injection of 0.1 mL/kg, death due to massive pulmonary edema occurred within minutes. In this animal blood and tissue levels of alpha-terpineol of between 150 and 300 ppm were observed. After smaller doses of pine oil (0.033 mL/kg), horses survived until euthanized up to 48 hr later. Blood levels of alpha-terpineol became undetectable in one of these animals after 2 hr, and no tissue levels were detected at postmortem....

The metabolic fate of alpha-terpineol administered orally to male albino-rats was investigated, and its effects on the liver microsomal cytochrome-P-450 system were studied. For metabolic studies, alpha-terpineol was given once daily for 20 days at a dose of 600mg/kg bw; cytochrome-P-450 studies involved dosing for up to 9 days. ...The neutral fraction isolated showed the presence of one major (alpha-terpineol) and two minor compounds. One of the minor compounds was identified as p-menthane-1,2,8-triol. Further study revealed the presence of the methyl esters of oleuropeic-acid and dihydrooleuropeic-acid. Allylic oxidation of C-1 methyl esters appeared to be the major metabolic pathway. It was considered likely that the allylic methyl group at C-7 was oxidized prior to the reduction of the 1,2-double bond. Administration of alpha-terpineol increased the levels of liver microsomal cytochrome-P-450 by 72, 104, 90, 54, and 52% after 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 days of dosing, respectively. A moderate incr was noted in the levels of liver microsomal NADPH-cytochrome-c-reductase during the first 3 days of repeated dosing. No significant effect was noted on cytochrome-b5 and NADH-cytochrome-c-reductase. The authors conclude that the allylic methyl oxidation of alpha-terpineol is the major route for its metabolic transformation in the rat. The reduction of the endocyclic double bond was specifically noted in the formation of dihydrooleuropeic-acid from oleuropeic-acid.|Biotransformation of alpha-terpineol by the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) larvae was investigated. alpha-Terpineol was mixed in an artificial diet, and the diet was fed to the larvae (fourth-fifth instar) of S. litura. Metabolites were isolated from the frass and analyzed spectroscopically. Main metabolites were 7-hydroxy-alpha-terpineol (p-menth-1-ene-7,8-diol) and oleuropeic acid (8-hydroxy-p-menth-1-en-7-oic acid). Intestinal bacteria from the frass of larvae did not participate in the metabolism of alpha-terpineol. alpha-Terpineol was preferentially oxidized at the C-7 position (allylic methyl group) by S. litura larvae.|Details of the metabolism of alpha-terpineol by Pseudomonas incognita are presented. Degradation of alpha-terpineol by this organism resulted in the formation of a number of acidic and neutral metabolites. Among the acidic metabolites, beta-isopropyl pimelic acid, 1-hydroxy-4-isopropenyl-cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, 8-hydroxycumic acid, oleuropeic acid, cumic acid, and p-isopropenyl benzoic acid have been identified. Neutral metabolites identified were limonene, p-cymene-8-ol, 2-hydroxycineole, and uroterpenol. ... /I/t appears that P. incognita degrades alpha-terpineol by at least three different routes. While one of the pathways seems to operate via oleuropeic acid, a second may be initiated through the aromatization of alpha-terpineol. The third pathway may involve the formation of limonene from alpha-terpineol and its further metabolism.|In a minor pathway, the endocyclic alkene of alpha-terpineol is epoxidized and then hydrolysed to yield a triol metabolite 1,2,8-trihydroxy- para-menthane, which was also reported in humans after inadvertent oral ingestion of a pine-oil disinfectant containing alpha-terpineol.|Metabolized primarily by conjugation with glucuronic acid and excreted in urine. Oxidation of the allylic methyl group followed by hydrogenation to yield the corresponding saturated acid may occur.

Gastrointestinal decontamination. Since there is a high risk of aspiration pneumonia, induced emesis is usually considered contraindicated in these poisonings. However, spontaneous emesis may occur due to direct irritation of the gastric mucosa. If the patient is seen within an hour of ingestion and a large amount has been ingested, gastric emptying by intubation and lavage may be considered ... . However, some studies have suggested greater rates of complications with lavage than with ipecac-induced emesis. There is no evidence that activated charcoal is helpful in these poisonings. ... /Pine oil/|Eye decontamination. If eye exposure has occurred, copious irrigation of the eyes is appropriate.|Pulmonary symptoms. The patient should be observed for at least six hours with any significant ingestion in order to observe the onset of any symptoms, particularly pulmonary symptoms. If any pulmonary symptoms are observed, the patient should have a chest film and measurement of oxygenation, and hospitalization is appropriate. With severe pulmonary symptoms, transfer to an intensive care unit is usually appropriate. With severe aspiration, management should be handled as in any severe aspiration pneumonia, in accordance with accepted medical practice. Other severe systemic effects should be treated in accordance with accepted medical practice.|/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Turpentine, terpenes, and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for alpha-Terpineol (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Eye goggles were used to estimate human thresholds for sensory eye irritation from four monoterpenes: (+)3-carene, (-)limonene and (+)alpha-pinene and (rac)alpha-terpineol all known as air pollutants emitted from wood. Only a ranking of the irritation thresholds relative to that of n-butanol is given. The measurements showed that the thresholds for eye irritation of the terpenes ranged from subthreshold to below 1,250 mg/cu m. It appears that the irritation of 3-carene and limonene in contrast to the expectations was of the same size as or less than that of n-butanol. Too few subjects reported eye-irritation for alpha-pinene and alpha-terpineol to allow estimates of thresholds of these compounds which therefore have much less irritative potency than n-butanol, 3-carene, and limonene ... The sequence from strongest odorant to weakest was alpha-terpineol, 3-carene, n-butanol, limonene and alpha-pinene. In conclusion, the tested terpenes can probably be ruled out as cause of acute eye irritation indoors ...|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Two dermatitis patients were reported to be sensitized to alpha-terpineol, although attempts to induce skin sensitization in volunteers and guinea pigs using a dilute solution /of alpha-terpineol/ were unsuccessful.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ As judged by pine oil, terpineols are irritating to eyes and mucous membranes. Produce hemorrhagic gastritis when ingested. Systemic effects include weakness and central nervous depression, with hypothermia and respiratory failure. /Terpineols/|/CASE REPORTS/ This paper presents the case of a woman with a history of schizophrenia found deceased in her residence after she apparently ingested an unknown quantity of a pine oil-containing product. A strong lemon-pine odor emanated from the body. Autopsy revealed a large volume of oily fluid in the stomach. The lungs were heavy, hemorrhagic, and necrotic. There was no evidence of significant recent injury or pre-existing disease. The toxicological screening and quantitation of 1-alpha-terpineol in postmortem fluids was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Isopropanol and its metabolite acetone were determined by means of flame-ionization gas chromatography. Postmortem blood, urine, and stomach content levels of 1-alpha-terpineol were 276 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, and 4.0 g/total contents, respectively, and isopropanol levels were 730 mg/dL, 20 mg/dL, and 1000 mg/dL, respectively. No acetone could be detected. Her death was attributed to the combined toxicity of isopropanol and pine oil.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for alpha-Terpineol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1-alpha-terpineol

Grades: Technical; perfumery; extra; prime; Food Chemical Codex /Terpineol/

Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing|Terpineol: ACTIVE|Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, .alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl-: ACTIVE|3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, .alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl-, (1S)-: ACTIVE|3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, .alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl-, sodium salt (1:1), (1S)-: INACTIVE|3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, .alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl-, (1R)-: ACTIVE|Terpineol exists as three isomers: alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol.

Method: EPA-EAD 1625; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: alpha-terpineol; Matrix: water; Detection Limit: 10 ug/L.|Using GC/MS, alpha-terpineol was identified as an effluent chemical.|The simultaneous GC analysis based on both volatility and polarity constitutes is suitable for studying a complex mixt such as an essential oil. The splitting device here described allows a dual capillary column analysis after an on-column injection without any special instrument modification. Through a dual column analysis, a qualitative and quant evaluation of those components which coelute on a given stationary phase can be achieved and unknown coelution problems can be brought to light.

After iv pine oil injection, alpha-terpineol recovered from equine tissues by extraction into heptane & GC detection, using either FID or pentafluoropropionic anhydride derivatization & ECD.|After inhalation expt with sandalwood oil and the pure fragrance cmpd coumarin and alpha-terpineol, substances were detected and measured in the blood samples of test animals (mice) using GC/MS (MID) in connection with GC/FTIR (SWC), GC/AES (carbon and oxygen trace) and FID/GC.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Fragrances|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Cosmetics -> Denaturant; Solvent

Flavoring Agents