Direct Red 2

724.72

724.115051

213-594-3

G519JHX5MJ

DTXSID3025203

BROWN POWDER|Dark-red powder

29215900

232.64000

11.40420

Brown powder

>250°C

soluble in water (20 mg/ml), acetone, ethanol (3 mg/ml), sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid.

As pH indicator, violet 1.2 to red 4.0.

Azo dyes can be explosive when suspended in air at specific concentrations. Insoluble in water.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Explosive

DIRECT RED 2 is an azo compound. Azo, diazo, azido compounds can detonate. This applies in particular to organic azides that have been sensitized by the addition of metal salts or strong acids. Toxic gases are formed by mixing materials of this class with acids, aldehydes, amides, carbamates, cyanides, inorganic fluorides, halogenated organics, isocyanates, ketones, metals, nitrides, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, acyl halides, and strong oxidizing or reducing agents. Flammable gases are formed by mixing materials in this group with alkali metals. Explosive combination can occur with strong oxidizing agents, metal salts, peroxides, and sulfides.

3

45-36/37/38

53-45-60-37-26

QK1765000

T

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, P501

H350

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H350 (97.44%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]|P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 39 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, dampen the solid spill material with 5% ammonium hydroxide, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 5% ammonium hydroxide to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with 5% ammonium hydroxide followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material under ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

... Excretion profiles based on parallel HPLC and radioassays of feces from rats dosed with (14)C labeled Direct Blue 15 or Direct Red 2 are presented. Based on these radioassays, about 74% of each dose was excreted via the feces; however, HPLC assays showed that only about 11% of each dose was present as intact dye in the excretement.

absorption, metabolism and tissue distribution studies were conducted in the rat with (14)C-biphenyl ring labeled Direct Blue 15, a 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (DiMxBzd) based azo dye; Direct Red 2, based on 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine (DiMeBzd) and the corresponding benzidine congener amines. Single oral doses of (14)C labeled dyes (12 mg/kg) and molar equivalent doses of respective amines were admin, and urine and fecal samples collected at intervals up to 192 hr. ... A comparison of the metabolism of Direct Blue 15 with its base DiMxBzd, indicated the base was more extensively metabolized and that most of the (14)C in various extracts was identified in known metabolites. The metabolism of Direct Red 2 compared with its base DiMeBzd, indicated that the base was more extensively metabolized , yet only a small percentage of the (14)C in extracts was identified as known metabolites. Most of the (14)C present in the urine could not be extracted with benzene or chloroform, indicating high polarity. Distribution studies conducted with both dyes showed that the liver, kidney and lung accumulated and retained higher levels of (14)C than other tissues (at 72 hr). Peak levels of (14)C, which occurred 8-12 hr after dosing, were significantly higher with Direct Red 2 than Direct Blue 15. Tissue distribution data (72 hr for rats dosed with free amines compared with the dyes showed a generally lower but similar distribution pattern.|The metabolism of a benzidine based dye, Direct Black 38, a 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine based dye, Direct Red 2, and a 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine based dye, Direct Blue 15, was studied both in pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria and in bacterial suspensions derived from intestinal contents of the rat. All of the pure cultures and the rat intestinal bacteria were able to reduce the azo linkages of Direct Black 38, Direct Red 2 and Direct Blue 15 with the subsequent formation of benzidine, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine and 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine, respectively. ... In vitro anaerobic incubations of rat intestinal microorganisms were evidently able to reduce and cleave the azo bonds of dyes derived from benzidine, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine and 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine to form potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines.|Direct Red 2 was /admin/ as an aqueous soln to rats and hamsters to determine whether the dye is cleaved to potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines. ... Assays of the urine from treated animals by EC/GC (electron capture gas chromatography) revealed appreciable levels of 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, mono- and di-acetyldimethylbenzidine, and alkaline hydrolyzable conjugates. Peak concn of the metabolites in the urine occurred 12-24 hr after admin to rats, and within 12 hr in hamsters. The levels of all metabolites and conjugates diminished rapidly in both species after peak concn were reached, with no residues detected after 96 hr. The results ... demonstrated in vivo cleavage of the dye in both species. ...

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

benzopurpurine 4B

1-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(2,1-diazenediyl)]bis[4-amino-, sodium salt (1:2): INACTIVE

NIOSH Method 5013. Determination of Dyes, Benzidine-, o-Tolidine-, and o-Dianisidine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection. This method is applicable to air samples. DL= 0.0060 mg/cu m.