Triton X-100
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Triton X-100
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CAS No:
9002-93-1
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Formula:
(C2H4O)nC14H22O
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Chemical Name:
Triton X-100
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Synonyms:
NP 40;NP-40 ALTERNATIVE;NP40- NONIDET P-40;NP-40 SUBSTITUTE;NONYLPHENOXY POLY(ETHYLENEOXY)ETHANOL, BRANCHED;NONYLPHENYL POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL;NONIDET P 40;NONIDET P40 SUBSTITUTE
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CAS No:
Description
clear to slightly hazy liquid
Triton X-100 is a nonionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain (on average it has 9.5 ethylene oxide units) and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic or hydrophobic group. The hydrocarbon group is a 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl group. Triton X-100 is closely related to IGEPAL CA-630 or former Nonidet P-40, which might differ from it mainly in having slightly shorter ethylene oxide chains. Thus Triton X-100 is slightly more hydrophilic than Igepal CA-630; these two detergents may not be considered to be functionally interchangeable for most applications.Triton X-100 is a common non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier which is often used in biochemical applications to solubilize proteins. It is considered a comparatively mild detergent, non-denaturing, and is reported in numerous references as a routinely added reagent. It is utilized for lysing cells to extract protein and cellular organelles. It can also permeabilize the living cell membrane for transfection.
Triton X-100 is a very stable material, assumed to be stable for years if stored sealed. It is a clear to slightly hazy, colorless to light yellow liquid (color by APHA = 100).1. Specific gravity: 1.065 at 25°C (Approx. 1.07 g/mL).2. Approximate molecular weight = 625, giving effective molarity = 1.7 M for the neat liquid.3. UV absorption: lambda max = 275 nm and 283 nm in methanol.4. Viscosity (Brookfield): 240 cps at 25°C.5. pH (5% aqueous solution): 6.0 to 8.0.6. Critical micelle concentration (CMC): 0.22 to 0.24 mM.
ChEBI: A poly(ethylene glycol) terminated with a 4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-3-yl) phenyl group at one end.
Moderately toxic by ingestion and intravenous routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. An eye and human skin irritant. Many glycol ethers cause dangerous human reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. A surfactant. See also GLYCOL ETHERS.
Characteristics
29.5
4.6
≤100(APHA) Viscous Liquid
1.06 g/mL at 20 °C
44-46 °C
250 °C(lit.)
535 °F
n20/D1.491
Miscible with water.
2-8°C
< 1.33 hPa at 20 °C
>1 (vs air)
LD50 oral in rat: 1800mg/kg
Odorless
6.5-8.5 (25℃)
protect from light
Safety Information
III
9
UN 3082 9/PG 3
3
Xi,Xn,N
26-39-36-61-36/39-36/37/39
WZ4750000
Xi,Xn,N
P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P391, P501
Triton X-100 is irritating to human skin and eyes, harmful if ingested and acutely toxic. It caused an increase in cellular and humoral immune responses in a 3-day intermittent skin study in mice, but there was no evidence of teratogenicity in rats.
UN 3082 9/PG 3
Triton X-100 Use and Manufacturing
Used as an emulsifier in the pesticide, pharmaceutical, and rubber industries, and as a gas chromatography stationary liquid for asphalt emulsifiers in the construction industry, separation and analysis of hydrocarbon compounds, and oxygenated compounds. Chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol) separate and analyze hydrocarbon compounds, oxygen-containing compounds (alcohols, esters, ketones), basic and neutral nitrogen-containing compounds, and mercaptans. A wide range of non-ionic surfactants used to restore membrane components under mild denaturation conditions.
Nonionic detergent, emulsifier, dispersing agent. Octoxynol-9 as spermaticide.
Detergent, equivalent to Nonidet P-40.Triton X-100 is used as a non-ionic detergent, emulsifier and dispersing agent. It is useful for isolation of membrane proteins. It is also used in electrophoresis. It is an active ingredient in influenza vaccine (Fluzone). It finds applications in the dispersion of carbon materials for soft composite materials and restricting colony expansion in Aspergillus nidulans in microbiology. Further, it is an active ingredient in homemade vinyl record cleaning fluids together with distilled water and isopropyl alcohol.
Triton-X 100 is a non-ionic surfactant. Used in the enhancement of film porosity in conducting polymers.
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