3,5-Dinitrotoluene

182.135

182.13

210-566-2

B651857LG8

87348

DTXSID40210803

Yellow orthrhombic needles from acetic acid|Yellowish, reddish needles from acetic acid

2904203000

91.6

2.18 (est)

See DINITROTOLUENE

1.277 g/cm³

93 °C

315 °C

404°F

1.598

In water, 145 mg/L at 25 deg C (est)

4.05X10-4 mm Hg at 25 deg C

Moderate, when exposed to heat.

Henry's Law constant = 9.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Conversion factor: mg/cu m = 7.45 ppm|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.75X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

-3.4370X10+09 J/kmol /Standard Net Heat of Comb/

6.7669X10+07 J/kmol at 365.65 K (est)

45-23/24/25-48/22-62-68-52/53

53-45-61

T

P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501

H301

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|Dinitrotoluene is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Pretreatment involves contact of the dinitrotoluene contaminated waste with sodium carbonate and solid combustibles followed by incineration in an alkaline scrubber equipped incinerator unit. /Dinitrotoluene/

Layton D et al; Conventional Weapons Demilitarization: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. Phase 2. Explosives and Their Co-Contaminants; Lawrence Livermore National Lab, CA. Environmental Sciences Div; NTIS/AD-A220 588/8, 427p. Soil contamination; Environmental hazards.|Rosenberg MJ et al; Occupational Influences on Reproduction: A Review of Recent Literature; J Occupat Med 29 (7): 584-591 (1987). A review of 92 articles ... dealing with relationships between occupations and reproductive effects.|NIOSH; Current Intelligence Bulletin 44 Dinitrotoluenes (DNT) 20 pp. (7/5/85) DHHS Pub No 85-109.

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|P261, P264, P270, P271, P301+P310, P304+P340, P312, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P301+P310, P304+P340, P307+P311, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Dinitrotoluene/|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Dinitrotoluene/|Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] /Dinitrotoluene/|Respirator Recommendations: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: /Dinitrotoluene/ [Table#5994]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 3,5-DINITROTOLUENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Moderate, when exposed to heat or flame; an oxidizer.

Moderate, when exposed to heat.

/Apply/ water, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide from protected location.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Dinitrotoluenes, molten/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/

Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/|Environmental considerations - land spill: Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/

... Program to prevent health impairment due to exposure to aromatic nitro-compounds requires exposure control & med supervision. ... Job analysis to ensure proper handling procedures, adequate equipment design for both operating & maintenance, & appropriate ventilation with air-pollution control are minimum requirements. Totally enclosed systems are preferred. ... Air analysis can be helpful; but in general, results have been misleading due to low vapor pressure of nitrobenzene derivatives & contamination of surfaces where skin contact occurs. ... Mist from hot charges, leaking lines, steaming operations, hot drainage ditches, etc, cannot be ignored as sources of gross skin exposure & contamination of the work environment. /Nitro-cmpd, aromatic/|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. /Dinitrotoluene/|The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc. /Dinitrotoluene/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 3,5-DINITROTOLUENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 3,5-DINITROTOLUENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1.5 mg/cu m. Skin Designation. /Dinitrotoluene/

NIOSH considers dinitrotoluene to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Dinitrotoluene/|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. /Dinitrotoluene/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 1.5 mg/cu m, skin. /Dinitrotoluene/

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Dinitrotoluene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Dinitrotoluene/

3,5-Dinitrotoluene has been detected at concentrations ranging from 0.005-0.30 mg/L(1) and at a mean concentration of 0.058 mg/L(2) in condensate effluent resulting from the production and purification of TNT. Dinitration of toluene, which can be used in the preparation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene, results in a mixture containing trace amounts of 3,5-dinitrotoluene(3,4).

SOIL: 3,5-Dinitrotoluene was identified in soils collected from the Hastings East, Nebraska and Raritan, New Jersey Army installations at concentrations of 5,140 and 745 ug/g, respectively(1).

LD50 Rat oral 216 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 607 mg/kg

3,5-Dinitrotoluene's production as a by-product in the manufacturing of dinitrotoluene isomeric mixtures(1) and its use as a cathodic depolarizer for magnesium batteries and chemical intermediate(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 564(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), and 370(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of 2.18(2), indicate that 3,5-dinitrotoluene is expected to have moderate to low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 3,5-dinitrotoluene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 3,5-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 4.05X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). 3,5-Dinitrotoluene may be susceptible to photolysis on surfaces exposed to sunlight based on the behavior of 2,4-dinitrotoluene which had sunlight photolysis half-lives of 43 hr in distilled water and 2.7, 9.6, and 3.7 hrs in river, bay, and pond waters, respectively(4), and its quantum yield of 0.00004 at 313 nm(5). Biodegradation data specific to 3,5-dinitrotoluene in soil were not available(SRC, 2012).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 564(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), and 370(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of 2.18(2), indicate that 3,5-dinitrotoluene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 3,5-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). In aqueous solution, 3,5-dinitrotoluene has a quantum yield of 0.00004 at 313 nm(4) indicating that it is susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The quantum yield of 3,5-dinitrotoluene is slightly lower than that of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene(4), so photolysis rates of 3,5-dinitrotoluene are expected to be slightly slower than those of the other two isomers. Photolysis of 1.0 ppm 2,4-dinitrotoluene in distilled and natural waters gave half-lives of 43 hr in distilled water and 2.7, 9.6, and 3.7 hrs in river, bay, and pond waters, respectively(5). Direct photolysis of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in distilled water resulted in a half-life range of 1.8 to 11.5 days, depending on latitude(6). The half-life for 2,6-dinitrotoluene in river water exposed to sunlight was 12 minutes and it was determined to be an indirect photoreaction(7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 13(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.18(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation may be an important fate process in water based on a study in which it was shown to be co-metabolized in natural surface water to which yeast extract was added(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3,5-dinitrotoluene, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 4.05X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere at temperatures above 25 °C. At temperatures below 15 °C, the gas/particle partitioning model predicts that 3,5-dinitrotoluene will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases. Vapor-phase 3,5-dinitrotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 92 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.75X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 3,5-dinitrotoluene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 3,5-Dinitrotoluene is susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 3,5-dinitrotoluene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.75X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 92 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 3,5-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). In aqueous solution, 3,5-dinitrotoluene has a quantum yield of 0.00004 at 313 nm(3) indicating that it is susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). This quantum yield of 3,5-dinitrotoluene is slightly lower than that of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene(3), so photolysis rates of 3,5-dinitrotoluene are expected to be slightly slower than those of the other two isomers. Photolysis of 1.0 ppm 2,4-dinitrotoluene in distilled and natural waters gave half-lives of 43 hr in distilled water and 2.7, 9.6, and 3.7 hr in river, bay, and pond waters, respectively(4). Direct photolysis of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in distilled water resulted in a half-life range of 1.8 to 11.5 days, depending on latitude(5). The half-life for 2,6-dinitrotoluene in river water exposed to sunlight was 12 minutes and it was determined to be an indirect photoreaction(6).

An estimated BCF of 13 was calculated in fish for 3,5-dinitrotoluene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 3,5-dinitrotoluene can be estimated to be 564(SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on an estimated log Kow of 2.18(1), the Koc of 3,5-dinitrotoluene can be estimated to be 370(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), these estimated Koc values suggest that 3,5-dinitrotoluene is expected to have medium to low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 3,5-dinitrotoluene is estimated as 9.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 3,5-dinitrotoluene is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 3,5-Dinitrotoluene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 3,5-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extapolated vapor pressure of 4.05X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

Occupational exposure to 3,5-dinitrotoluene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3,5-dinitrotoluene is produced or used. (SRC)

Excretion of dinitrotoluene in excess of 25 mg/L indicates significant absorption /in industrial exposed populations/. /Dinitrotoluene/

Bioactivation of DNT in the rat is thought to occur by the following processes: The methyl group is oxidized to an alcohol by a cytochrome p450 dependent pathway; the benzyl alcohol is conjugated with glucoronic acid and excreted in the bile. Intestinal microflora hydrolyze the glucuronide and reduce one nitro group, forming an aminonitrobenzyl alcohol which can be readsorbed from the intestine. The amino group oxidized to an hydroxylamine by hepatic enzymes and conjugated with sulfate. Decomposition of the sulfate ester yields a highly electrophilic nitrenium (or carbonium) ion which can react with DNA and other biological nucleophiles.

In case of ingestion, induction of emesis is not recommended because of the potential for central nervous system depression. Gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal may be considered soon after ingestion, provided airways are protected. /Dinitrotoluene/|Methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue in symptomatic patients, methemoglobin levels exceeding 20% to 30% or lower in patients with predisposing conditions such as anemia, and respiratory and heart diseases. Hyperbaric oxygen or exchanged transfusion may be considered in refractory patients or when contraindication to administration of methylene blue exists (eg, G6PD) deficiency. /Dinitrotoluene/|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

3,5-dinitrotoluene

Dinitration of toluene, which can be used in the preparation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene, results in a mixture containing trace amounts of 3,5-dinitrotoluene.

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES WERE USED IN LOW LEVEL DETECTION OF ISOMERIC DINITROTOLUENES INCLUDING THE 3,5-ISOMER.|DINITROTOLUENE ISOMERS WERE DETERMINED IN WATER SAMPLES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY.|EPA Method 8090. Gas Chromatographic Method for the detection of ppb levels of nitroaromatics and clyclic ketones. ... Detection is achieved by an electron capture detector (ECD) for the dinitrotoluenes. Precision and accuracy of the method were found to be directly related to the concentration of the parameter and essentially independent of the sample matrix. The method detection limit for 3,5-dinitrotoluene is not given.|EPA Method 8250. Packed Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Technique for the determination of semivolatile organics in extracts prepared from all types of solid waste matrices, soils, and groundwater. This method is applicable to quantify most neutral, acidic, and basic organic compounds that are soluble in methylene chloride and capable of being eluted without derivatization as sharp peaks from a gas chromatographic packed column. Such compounds include ... aromatic nitro compounds ... . The detection limit was not given for this compound.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 3,5-DINITROTOLUENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.