Heptacosane

380.73

380.73

1706242

209-792-4

VP371W2GJS

DTXSID6058637

Crystals form alcohol, benzene; leaves from ethyl acetate

29011000

0

13.6 (est)

0.7730 g/cm³ @ Temp: 65 °C

59.5 °C

442 °C

270°C/15mm

1.449

Insoluble in ethanol; slightly soluble in ether

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non Combustible Solids

2.8X10-9 mg/L at 25 deg C (extrapolated)

Henry's Law constant: 660 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant: 3.5X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

NONH for all modes of transport

3

22-24/25

209-792-4

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: No special environmental precautions required. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.|ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: No special environmental precautions required.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. Full contact|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/Higher alkanes/ may cause eye and skin irritation.

Alkanes (C20-C32) were the most abundant trace organic compounds found in particulate matter from vehicle exhaust with emission factors for heptacosane from diesel driven light-duty vehicles of 1.76-35.4 ug/km(1). Heptacosane was detected in the gas and particle phase of tailpipe emissions from non-catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 2.4 and 391 ug/km, respectively(2).

SEDIMENT: Heptacosane concentrations were 7.7-429 ng/g dry weight in sediments samples collected from 14 sites from the Shinano River in Niigata, Japan from November 2005 to April 2006(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Heptacosane was detected in particulate air samples from Georgia Tech campus, GA at mean concentrations of 1.96 and 1.82 ng/cu m for summer 2005 and winter 2006, respectively(1). A mean heptacosane concentration of approximately 22 ng/cu m was reported in the particulate phase of air samples collected in an urban and industrialized area in Prato, Italy during 2002(2). Heptacosane concentration was 11.9 and 8.5 ng/cu m in particulate phase in the summer and winter, respectively; the concentration was 3.1 and 1.0 ng/cu m in the vapor phase in summer and winter, respectively; samples were collected in an urban area in Nagoya, Japan in 1991(3).|RURAL/REMOTE: Heptacosane was detected in particulate air samples from a rural area of Yorkville, GA at mean concentrations of 0.40 and 1.33 ng/cu m for summer and winter, respectively(1).|SOURCE DOMINATED: Heptacosane was detected at 140-1260 pg/cu m with a mean of 480 pg/cu m in particulate air samples collected near a highway in Raleigh, NC; concentrations in samples collected 275 meters from the highway contained 190-2000 pg/cu m with a mean of 490 pg/cu m(1). Heptacosane was detected in particulate air samples from an interstate highway in Georgia at a mean concentration of 2.69 and 2.56 ng/cu m for summer and winter, respectively(2).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Heptacosane is a higher n-alkane containing 27 carbon atoms (C27). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples of liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose bovine tissues.

Heptacosane has been detected in various parts of a least 20 varieties of plants(1). Heptacosane was found in several species of wasps including Dolichovespula maculata, Vespula squamosa and Vespula maculifrons(2). Heptacosane was found in the cuticular surface lipids of the cockroaches: Leucophaea maderae and Blatta orientalis(3). Heptacosane was found in several species of fireflies including Lucidota atra, Photuris lucicrescens and Photuris Cinctipennis(4).

Alkanes such as heptacosane may be components in petroleum products(1) and may be released to the environment through the processing and combustion of petroleum products(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.9X10+7(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that heptacosane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of heptacosane from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 655 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Heptacosane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 2.81X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Biodegradation oxygen consumption values of 8.2 and 7.6 ug/mL for analogous tetracosane (C24) and hexatriacontane (C36), respectively, using a soil suspension(4) indicate that biodegradation of heptacosane may be a slow environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.9X10+7(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that heptacosane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 655 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.7 hours and 7.7 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is more than 2 years if adsorption is considered(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 8(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 13.60(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation oxygen consumption values of 8.2 and 7.6 ug/mL for analogous tetracosane (C24) and hexatriacontane (C36), respectively, using a soil suspension(6) indicate that biodegradation of heptacosane may be a slow environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), heptacosane, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 2.81X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase heptacosane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase heptacosane will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Heptacosane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of heptacosane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.51X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.1 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Heptacosane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Heptacosane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 8 was calculated in fish for heptacosane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 13.60(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of heptacosane can be estimated to be 3.9X10+7(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that heptacosane is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for heptacosane is estimated as 655 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that heptacosane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7.7 days(SRC). Heptacosane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years when adsorption is considered. Heptacosane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 2.81X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

DRINKING WATER: Heptacosane was identified but not quantified in tap water samples from 2 sites in Tsukuba, Japan in June 1983(1).|SURFACE WATER: Heptacosane concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.75 ug/L in eight stations located in the Guanabara Bay Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sampled from September 2011 to August 2012(1).|RAIN/SNOW: Heptacosane was detected in 9 out of 10 snow samples collected in March 1999 from rural and urban areas in Russia and Finland at concentration ranging from 0.16 to 18.3 ug/kg(1).

Occupational exposure to heptacosane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where petroleum products are used or processed. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to heptacosane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and dermal contact with water contaminated by combustion effluents. (SRC)

Liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose (perirenal and s.c.) /bovine/ tissues were collected from 6 animals for analysis of their hydrocarbon composition. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were carried out by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although differing in the proportions, a homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples. The isoprenoid hydrocarbons phytane and phytene (phyt-1-ene and phyt-2-ene) were also identified. (These findings have relevance to the health of humans consuming hydrocarbon-contaminated meats.) /n-Alkanes/

140.99 Days

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for n-Heptacosane (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Gas-phase dehydrogenation of n-alkanes over noble-metal catalysts yield the corresponding n-alkenes at low conversion rates (ca. 10%) with predominantly internal double bonds. The corresponding alkenes can be isolated in high purity by selective molecular-sieve processes. /Higher n-Alkanes/

Petroleum-related contaminants in seafoods were analyzed. A GC (SIM) method was developed for the determination of contaminants, which covered 7 n-alkanes (C20-C32) and 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenzothiophene (DBT). The detection limits were 2-3 ppb for n-alkane, 0.1-0.2 ppb for PAH and 0.2 ppb for DBT. The concentrations of petroleum-related contaminants in seafoods, collected either from waters that were outside the spill area or before the oil spill, were determined by the GC/MS (SIM) method. Levels of total n-alkanes ranged from nd (not detected) to 532 ppb and those of PAH and DBT ranged from nd to 15.5 ppb. The concentrations of n-alkanes and PAH in the visceral mass of squid and scallops were higher than those in their muscle tissues. /n-Alkanes/|The chloroform-extractable lipid fraction of dissolved organic matter in seawater was analyzed by gravimetry, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Gravimetric concentrations of dissolved lipids in the Gulf of Mexico were in the range of 60-160 mg/L in near-surface waters and 61-116 ug/L in near bottom waters and accounted for approximately 4% of the dissolved organic C. Over a 12-hr sampling period and a 5-day sampling period extensive variability in dissolved lipid quantity and quality were observed. The major percentage of extractable weight was collected in the polar liquid chromatographic fraction (55-95%). Gas chromatographic concentrations of the aliphatic fractions were in the range of 0.014-0.187 ug/L. Concentrations derived from gas chromatography were consistently lower than gravimetrically-derived concentrations. A number of compounds were tentatively identified by a combination of GC, GC-MS, and authentic standards. The major components of the analyzable dissolved lipids were n-alkanes (C16-C32), pristane, phytane, methyl, ethyl and propyl esters of fatty acids. Minor components included olefins and cycloalkanes, aromatics, short-chained acids, and possibly a lactone and an alcohol. All concentrations and compounds were indicative of a fairly pristine environment. The n-alkane distribution appears to be the result of marine and terrestrial inputs superimposed on a chronic low-level background of oil pollution. The fatty acid esters and other fragment molecules may be the result of the degradation of humic substances. A number of potential indicators of source were isolated. /n-Alkanes/|The external surface of all insects is covered by a species-specific complex mixture of highly stable, very long chain cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to identify CHCs from four species of Sarcophagidae, Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma, Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans, Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis and Sarcodexia lambens. The identified CHCs were mostly a mixture of n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes and dimethylalkanes with linear chain lengths varying from 23 to 33 carbons. Only two alkenes were found in all four species. S. lambens had a composition of CHCs with linear chain lengths varying from C23 to C33, while the other three species linear chain lengths from 24 to 31 carbons. n-Heptacosane, n-nonacosane and 3-methylnonacosane, n-triacontane and n-hentriacontane occurred in all four species. The results show that these hydrocarbon profiles may be used for the taxonomic differentiation of insect species and are a useful additional tool for taxonomic classification, especially when only parts of the insect specimen are available.

Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Hydrocarbons [FA11]