2-Nitrofluorene

211.22

211.22

210-138-5

191LL4U4GZ

5182

DTXSID2020971

NEEDLES

2904209090

45.8

3.7

2-nitrofluorene is a cream-colored solid. (NTP, 1992)

1.3±0.1 g/cm3

158 °C

185.2±14.9 °C

1.677

H2O: Insoluble

Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Aromatic nitro compounds, such as 2-NITROFLUORENE, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. The aromatic nitro compounds may explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water or organic solvents. The explosive tendencies of aromatic nitro compounds are increased by the presence of multiple nitro groups. Stable under normal conditions. Protect from bases. (NTP, 1992)

UN 3077 9/PG 3

3

R40;R68

S36/37-S61

LL8225000

Xn:Harmful;

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P273-P281

H351-H411

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

|Warning|H351 (100%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]|P201, P202, P273, P281, P308+P313, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 39 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P330, P405, and P501

This compound is not very flammable but any fire involving this compound may produce dangerous vapors. You should evacuate the area. All firefighters should wear full-body protective clothing and use self-contained breathing apparatuses. You should extinguish any fires involving this chemical with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures and away from mineral acids and bases. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)

The combustion of a diesel fuel containing 2-nitro-9H-fluorene at a concn of 91.7 ng/mL emitted 2-nitro-9H-fluorene(1). 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene was emitted from a diesel fueled vehicle at concn of 0.63 and 8.8 ug/g for a high engine load of 100% at moderate speed of 1200 rpm and for a low engine load of 75% at high speed of 1800 rpm, respectively(2).

Sediment from the Suimon River, Japan contained 2-nitro-9H-fluorene at an average concn of 1.5 ppb(1).

URBAN: 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene was detected in the ambient air of Singapore, Singapore(1), at concns less than 0.1 mg/1000 cu m(2).

MODULATION OF CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS BY REAGENTS HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED. THIS REPORT DEALS WITH MODULATORS OF MUTAGENESIS AMONG BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES. AN INHIBITORY EFFECT OF HEMIN ON MUTAGENICITIES OF A RANGE OF CARCINOGENS WAS FOUND BY ADDING HEMIN TO PREINCUBATION MIXTURE OF THE AMES' TEST. STRONG INHIBITIONS WAS OBSERVED FOR 2-NITROFLUORENE. GENERALLY, 50% INHIBITION WAS CAUSED BY AN AMOUNT OF HEMIN 1-2 EQUIVALENTS TO THE MUTAGEN. EXCESS OF HEMIN CAUSED COMPLETE INHIBITIONS.

2-Nitro-9H-fluorene is a natural component of crude oil(1). 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene is also a product of combustion(2) and can be released to the environment via natural fires associated with lightening, volcanic activity, and spontaneous combustion(SRC).

2-Nitro-9H-fluorene may be emitted to the environment by effluents from petroleum refining and coal tar distillation(1). The combustion of peat, coal, oil, gasoline and diesel fuels may release 2-nitro-9H-fluorene to the atmosphere(2). 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene is not commercially produced in the USA(3); however, 2-nitro-9H-fluorene may be released to the environment through industrial effluents and waste incinerators where 2-nitro-9H-fluorene may be produced as a product of combustion(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Limited aqueous screening test data suggests the biodegradation of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene will be very slow(1,2). 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in soils. A calculated Koc range of 3200 to 3450(3), indicates 2-nitro-9H-fluorene will be slightly mobile in soil(4). An estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.87X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(5), suggests the volatilization of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene from moist soils will not be important(3).|AQUATIC FATE: Limited aqueous screening test data suggests the biodegradation of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene in aquatic systems will be very slow. 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in environmental waters. An estimated Koc ranging in the slightly mobile class for soil(1), indicates 2-nitro-9H-fluorene will partition from the water column to organic matter contained in sediments and suspended solids. 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene also has the potential to bioconcentrate in aquatic systems. A Henry's Law constant of 2.87X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(2) suggests volatilization of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene from environmental waters will be slow(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river has been estimated to be 185 days(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from an model pond, which considers the effect of adsorption, has been estimated to be over 65 years(4,SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a calculated vapor pressure of 7.390X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), 2-nitro-9H-fluorene is expected to exist in both the particulate and gaseous phases in ambient air(1). The vapor phase reaction of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is likely to be an important fate process. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 3.7X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C; which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Washout by precipitation and gravitational settling may be important atmospheric removal mechanisms for 2-nitro-9H-fluorene in particulate matter(SRC).

Aromatic-nitro compounds are generally resistant to hydrolysis(1). Therefore, 2-nitro-9H-fluorene probably will not undergo hydrolysis in the environment. Vapor phase reactions with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals may be important in ambient air. The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 3.7X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C; which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2).

Based on an estimated water solubility of 1.73 mg/L at 25 °C(1) and an estimated log Kow of 3.97(2), the log BCF of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene has been calculated to range from 2.66 to 2.79 from various regression-derived equations(3,SRC). These log BCF values suggest 2-nitro-9H-fluorene has the potential to bioconcentrate in aquatic systems(SRC).

Based on an estimated water solubility of 1.73 mg/L at 25 °C(1) and an estimated log Kow of 3.97(2), the Koc of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene has been calculated to range from 3200 to 3450 from various regression-derived equations(4,SRC). These Koc values indicate 2-nitro-9H-fluorene will be slightly mobile in soil(4).

The Henry's Law constant of 2.87X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C for 2-nitro-9H-fluorene has been estimated using a bond contribution method(1). Based upon this Henry's Law constant, volatilization of 2-nitro-9H-fluorene from environmental waters should be extremely slow(2). The volatilization half-life from a model river (1 meter deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind speed of 3 m/sec) has been estimated to be 185 days(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond, which considers the effect of adsorption, has been estimated to be over 65 years(3,SRC).

The most probable human exposure would be occupational exposure, which may occur through dermal contact or inhalation at places where 2-nitro-9H-fluorene is produced as a product of combustion. Non-occupational exposures would most likely occur via urban atmospheres, contaminated drinking water supplies and recreational activities at contaminated waterways. (SRC)

Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or materials. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS. (See all compounds classified as Air Pollutants.)|Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes. (See all compounds classified as Mutagens.)

Bacteroides vulgatus readily reduces 2-nitrofluorene to 2-aminofluorene...

THE REDN OF AROMATIC NITRO CMPD TO THEIR CORRESPONDING HYDROXYLAMINO DERIVATIVES MAY ... EXPLAIN THE CARCINOGENIC ACTION OF SUCH AGENTS AS 2-NITROFLUORINE ...

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Toxic. Hazardous decomposition products. Carcinogen. (NTP, 1992)|Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

2-nitrofluorene

9H-Fluorene, 2-nitro-: ACTIVE

SEPARATION OF AROMATIC NITRO CMPD, INCLUDING 2-NITROFLUORENE, BY ONE DIMENSIONAL DUAL BAND TLC & HIGH SPEED LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IS DISCUSSED.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens