3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride

326.05

323.975464

210-323-0

L161N5V81P

3077

DTXSID1020433

White crystals; white to light-gray powder|Needles

2921590090

52.04000

6.59120

3,3'-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride is a light tan powder. (NTP, 1992)

132~137℃

385ºC at 760 mmHg

H2O: <0.1 g/100 mL at 21.5 ºC

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as /possible/ to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should

mild odor

Insoluble in water.

Salts, Acidic

3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE reacts as a weak acid. May react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May generate flammable gases with strong reducing agents.

UN 3077 9/PG 3

3

45-21-43-50/53

53-45-60-61

DD0550000

T,N

Stable, but may be air or light sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P201-P280-P308 + P313

H312-H317-H350-H410

At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Incineration: 1500 °F, 0.5 sec for primary combustion; 2200 °F, 1.0 sec for secondary combustion. The formation of elemental chlorine can be prevented through injection of steam or methane into the combustion process. NOx may be abated through the use of thermal or catalytic devices.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Total destruction ... by incineration may be only feasiable method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable. ... Most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory.|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine Dihydrochloride (612-83-9) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s063dicb.pdf]|DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (1989) ATSDR/TP-89/09

Flash point data for this compound are not available but it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H312 (100%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]|P201, P202, P261, P272, P273, P280, P281, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P321, P322, P333+P313, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 169 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P201, P202, P264, P280, P281, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P337+P313, P405, and P501|H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P280, P281, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P405, and P501

Fires involving this compound should be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)|Full body protective clothing and gloves should be employed in handling operations. Full face supplied air respirators of continuous flow or pressure demand type should also be used.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... dispensers of liq detergent ... Safety pipettes ... for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory ... protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators ... when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons ... gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color ... .|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts)/|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts)/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

USE OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE BLEACH SOLUTION TO DECONTAMINATE 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE (DCB) WAS PARTIALLY EFFECTIVE. AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF 5% TETRAPOTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE AND 10% SODIUM ETHYL HEXYL SULFATE WHEN BLENDED IN A JET SPRAYER EFFECTIVELY REMOVED DCB FROM THE WORK AREA (90-99% REDUCTION). ONCE REMOVED FROM THE WORKSITE AND COLLECTED IN A CENTRAL LOCATION, IT WAS THEN DETERMINED THAT THE DIAZOTIZATION REACTION (THE ADDITION OF SO4, ICE AND NaNO3) OCCURRED TO ELIMINATE ANY DETECTABLE DCB FROM THE WASHINGS. /3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes, or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly. ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated. ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators.

Regulations in USA concerning 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine & its salts designate strict procedures to avoid worker contact: Mixtures containing 1.0% or more 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine & its salts must be maintained in isolated or closed systems, employees must observe special personal hygiene rules, & certain procedures must be followed for movement of the material & in case of accidental spills & emergencies ...|Employees working with 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (or its salts) within an isolated system, such as a "glove box" shall wash their hands and arms upon completion of the assigned task and before engaging in other activities not associated with the isolated system.|On exit from a regulated area, employees should shower and change ... clothes, leaving protective clothing & equipment at the point of exit to be placed in ... /designated/ containers at the end of the work shift for decontamination or disposal.|Storage or consumption of food, storage or use of containers of beverages, storage or application of cosmetics, smoking, storage of smoking materials, tobacco products or other products for chewing, and the chewing of such products are prohibited in regulated areas.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Severe eye irritant

This section applies to any area in which the 13 carcinogens addressed by this section are manufactured, processed, repackaged, released, handled, or stored, but shall not apply to transshipment in sealed containers, except for the labeling requirements under paragraph (e)(2), (3) and (4) of this section. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts) is one of the 13 carcinogens.

NIOSH considers 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts)/|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. /3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts)/

LD50 Rat (Sprague-Dawley) oral 3.82 g/kg

Inhalation & probably percutaneous absorption.|OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE HAS & PROBABLY STILL DOES OCCUR DURING ITS MANUFACTURE & CONVERSION TO DERIVED PIGMENTS. RUBBER WORKERS WERE FORMERLY & MAY STILL BE EXPOSED TO 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE USED FOR CURING POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS.|Processes in which dried dye is handled have the greatest potential for employee exposure during the manufacture or repackaging of benzidine-based dyes. ... During use of benzidine-based dyes, the greatest potential for exposure would be expected to be among dye-weighers who handle dry powders. /Benzidine-based dyes/

... In 1954 /results from laboratory tests indicated/ that skin is principal portal of entry of benzidines. ... It was considered likely that the hydrochloride salt could be absorbed percutaneously. /Benzidines/

A metabolism study ... in rats and dogs showed that fecal excretion was the major route of excretion of intravenously injected 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine.

A typical sample /of 3,3'dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride/ contains 10 trace metals in concn ranging from < 0.001 to 14 mg/kg each (The Upjohn Company) ... from another company ... /impurities are listed as/ 0.2% maximal insolubles in hydrochloric acid (Bofors Lakeway, Inc).

SYMPTOMS: This material may cause allergic skin reactions. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This material can be absorbed by inhalation and through the skin. It may also cause allergic skin reactions. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes. (NTP, 1992)|Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

... PRONOUNCED STERNUTATORY /SNEEZING/ EFFECT.|Gastrointestinal upset was one of the symptoms reported by employees who worked with 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride (dihydro salt of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine) ... . However, there is no conclusive evidence that the GI effects, or other symptoms reported by employees, resulted specifically from inhalation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride.|DERMAL EXPOSURE TO 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE BASE HAS CAUSED DERMATITIS IN DYE WORKERS. /3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE/

Printing ink manufacturing|[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine, 3,3'-dichloro-, hydrochloride (1:2): ACTIVE

ANALYTE: 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; MATRIX: AIR; DETERMINATION BY HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. RANGE: 3-140 UG/CU M. PRECISION: 7%|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS ARE DESCRIBED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN ANIMAL CHOW, & WASTEWATER. RESIDUES ARE ASSAYED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY EITHER AS THE FREE AMINE OR AFTER CONVERSION TO THE PENTAFLUOROPROPIONYL DERIVATIVE BY USING AN ELECTRON CAPTURE OR RUBIDIUM-SENSITIZED THERMIONIC-TYPE DETECTOR. MINIMUM DETECTABLE RESIDUES IN CHOW & WASTEWATER ARE ABOUT 3 PPB & 18 PPT, RESPECTIVELY.|PROPOSED METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE & 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN AIR; PROCEDURE: COLLECTION ON GLASS FIBER FILTER & SILICA GEL, ELUTION WITH TRIETHYLAMINE IN METHYL ALCOHOL, ANALYSIS BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; RANGE: 3-140 UG/CU M FOR A 50-LITER AIR SAMPLE WITH PRECISION OF 7% RELATIVE STANDARD DEVIATION.|EPA Method 605 - Benzidines: Grab samples of water in industrial and municipal discharges must be collected in glass containers, and extracted by adding chloroform to the sample in a separatory funnel and shaking. Analysis is performed by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Using this procedure, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine has a method detection limit of 0.13 ug/liter and an overall precision of 0.38 times the average recovery + 0.02 ug/liter, over a working range of 1.0 to 70 ug/liter. /3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS ARE DESCRIBED FOR THE TRACE ANALYSIS OF 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN HUMAN URINE. RESIDUES ARE ASSAYED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY EITHER AS THE FREE AMINE OR AFTER CONVERSION TO THE PENTAFLUOROPROPIONYL DERIVATIVE BY USING AN ELECTRON CAPTURE OR RUBIDIUM-SENSITIZED THERMIONIC-TYPE DETECTOR. MINIMUM DETECTABLE RESIDUES IN HUMAN URINE ARE ABOUT 60 PPT.|A method is given for the of detection of trace levels of benzidine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, and their acetylated and conjugated products in human and hamster urine by liquid or gas chromatography, after possible exposure to Direct Black 38 and Pigment Yellow 12. Recoveries from hamster urine were good at > or = 0.1 mg/l for all cmpds except benzidine which was approx 54 and 11% at 0.5 and 0.1 mg/l, resp. Recovery for all test compounds in human urine was 0.1 mg/l. The repeatability of the assay for all levels was approx within 6%.|A procedure is described for determining different aromatic amines in fish. Ground fish tissue is digested with aq sodium hydroxide & extracted with benzene. The extract is washed with dilute acid & cleaned up using gel permeation chromatography. The amines are separated & quantitated using N-selective GLC. Fish tissue fortified with 20-100 ppb (mug/kg) of 5 different amine compounds gave recoveries averaging 80%. Recovery of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine was somewhat lower. Fish samples were obtained from rivers near 9 textile & dyestuff manufacturers known to use certain aromatic amines were analyzed.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens