Tridecane

184.36

184.36

1733089

211-093-4

A3LZF0L939

66205

1993

DTXSID6027266

Colorless liquid|An oily straw yellow clear liquid

29011090

0

6.6

Clear colorless Liquid

0.7564 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-5.3 °C

235.4 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

215 °F

n20/D 1.425(lit.)

Practically insoluble in water

Store below +30°C.

1 mm Hg ( 59.4 °C)

6.4 (vs air)

LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 5000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rat > 2000 mg/kg

0.6-6.5%(V)

Hydrocarbon odor

1.60e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 1.94 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Weight/volume conversion: 7.54 mg/cu m = 1 ppm|Heat of Vaporization: 46.20 kJ/mol at 235.47 °C|Hydroxyl radical rate constant = 1.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 25 °C

Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as TRIDECANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

66.68 kJ/mol at 25 °C

Critical temperature: 676 deg K; critical pressure: 1.68 MPa

Ⅲ

2810

3

36/37/38-66-65

26-36-24/25-62

YD3025000

Xi,Xn

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P301 + P310-P331

H304

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. For hybrid vehicles, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to ERG Guide 169. (ERG, 2016)

|Danger|H304 (95.04%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]|P301+P310, P331, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 486 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots, and heavy rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)|Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Vapor or mist is irritating to the eyes, mucous membranes, and upper respiratory tract. It causes skin irritation.

An average n-tridecane concentration of 383 ng/uL was identified in an industrial wastewater survey in which samples collected between November 1, 1979 to November 1, 1981 were analyzed for organic pollutants other than Priority Pollutants(1). n-Tridecane was identified in the emissions of a municipal waste incineration plant in Germany as having a concentarion of 0.34 ug/cu-m (2). n-Tridecane was detected in 37 filter samples of exhaust air from the ventilating system of Elbtunnel, Hamburg, Germany, as having concentrations ranging from 2.25 to 5.31 g/cu-m(3). Data from Sept 2, 1979 identified n-tridecane as a gaseous emission of the vehicle traffic through the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike(4). Data from Aug 25 to Sept 7, 1979 showed for a speed of 80 km/hr on straight and level highway, gasoline powered vehicles emitted n-tridecane at an average rate of 1.1 mg/km and diesel trucks emitted n-tridecane at an average of 18.9 mg/km(5). The n-tridecane emission factor from a diesel-powered medium duty truck was 477 ug/km and the n-tridecane content of the diesel fuel was 15500 ug/g(6). The n-tridecane emission factor from the tailpipe of gasoline-powered California vehicles was reported as 48.2 ug/km for a catalyst-equipped vehicle and 42,600 ug/km for a non-catalyst-equipped vehicle for a gasoline containing 1,280 ug/g decane(7).

SEDIMENT/SOIL: In the heavily industrialized area of Kitakyushu, Japan, n-tridecane was detected but not quantified in sediment(1). n-Tridecane was identified in sediment from Port Angeles Harbor, WA, an area contaminated with fuel oil and in Dungeness Bay, a nearby relatively pristine area, concentration unspecified(2). Surface sediments collected from the Shinano River in Niigata, Japan between November 2005 and April 2006 contained n-tridecane concentrations of <0.1 to 52 ng/g dry weight(3). n-Tridecane was qualitatively detected in sediments collected from Niigata, Japan in September 1995(4).|SOIL: n-Tridecane was detected in cover soil at a landfill near Florence, Italy at levels of <2 to 1240 ppbv(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: The concentration of n-tridecane in 36 air samples collected during a severe Los Angeles, CA photochemical smog was determined to be 0.31 ug/cu m(1). n-Tridecane was identified, but not quantified, in the air of Pretoria, Johannesburg, and Durban, South Africa(2). The concentration of n-tridecane in the urban atmosphere of Barcelona, Spain was determined to be 0.1 ug/cu m(3). n-Tridecane was identified, but not quantified, in the ambient air of Homebush Bay, Australia collected in June 1975(4). The average concentration of n-tridecane in 3 samples of indoor and outdoor air from Neenah, WI were 0.42 and 0.18 ug/cu m, respectively(5). Air monitoring in the summer of 1996 in Berlin, Germany detected at average residential n-tridecane concentration of 0.11 ug/cu m(6).|INDOOR: In a study conducted between April 1982 and February 1983, the average n-tridecane concentration in air samples collected from 40 homes in the Oak Ridge/Knoxville, TN area was determined to be 19.6 ug/cu m(1). Estimated concentration of n-tridecane at an oil shale wastewater facility was determined to be 43 ug/cu m indoors (11 ug/cu m outdoors)(2). The concentration of n-tridecane in air samples collected from 49 homes in Columbus, OH from February 25-29, 1991 was determined to average 1.41 ug/cu m in homes of nonsmokers and 2.67 ug/cu m in homes of smokers(3). The concentration of n-tridecane in the air of a new federal building in Portland, OR was determined to range from 6.0 to 111.9 ug/cu m in samples collected from October 1987 to October 1988(4). n-Tridecane was identified, not quantified, in the indoor air from 6 of 26 buildings in Finland(5). n-Tridecane was identified in unknown concentrations in 170 air samples, taken from 17 locations in two Stockholm, Sweden preschools, one labeled "sick" and the other considered "healthy"(6). The concentration of n-tridecane measured at a telephone switching center from May 1985 to December 1988 was determined to range from 0.7 to 2.2 ug/cu m(7). On the 4th floor of a facility opened in 1985, location not specified, the concentration of n-tridecane detected during four separate sampling periods from June 1987 to March 1988 was determined to range from 5.7 to 14 ug/cu m(8). Indoor air measurements from 4 manufactured houses and 7 site-built houses in the eastern and southeastern US detected geometric mean n-tridecane levels of 5.5, and 5.1 ppb respectively(9). Indoor air sample collected from 27 buildings in Melbourne, Australia contained a geometric mean n-tridecane concentration of 1.4-2.3 ug/cu m while the outside air geometric mean concentration was <2 ug/cu m(10).|RURAL/REMOTE: Air samples from a rural forested site in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, CA, collected in midsummer 1990, were found to contain n-tridecane in unspecified concentrations(1). Forest air samples collected from the Southern Black Forest, Germany between March and December were determined to have n-tridecane concentrations ranging from 10 to 121 ng/cu m(2). A rural background level of n-tridecane outside of Berlin, Germany was reported as 0.04 ug/cu m for the summer of 1996(3).|SOURCE DOMINATED: n-Tridecane has been detected in roadway air, airfield air, and aircraft air in concentrations of 0.0922, 0.87, and 2.43 ppb, respectively(1).

The mean emission rate of n-tridecane from plywood with a polyurethane lacquer layer was determined to be 0.028 mg/m/hr(1). n-Tridecane was identified but not quantified in effluent from a finished polyester fabrics textile plant(2). n-Tridecane was identified but not quantified in the emissions from new carpet cushions(3). The concentration of n-tridecane released from a tufted textile floor covering with styrene-butadiene rubber backing was determined to range from 1.9 to 40.0 ng/L as the temperature increased from 23 to 71 °C(4). The n-tridecane emission factor from from burnong wood in various fireplaces and woodstoves was 0.40-1.60 mg/kg(5). n-Tridecane was detected in volatile emissions from furniture coatings(6).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-tridecane is a colorless liquid. It is used in organic synthesis, jet-fuel research, manufacturing of paraffin products, the rubber industry, the paper processing industry, as a solvent and distillation chaser. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Tridecane may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption during industrial use. ANIMAL STUDIES: In dermal irritation study in pigs significant erythema was observed after 4-day repeated daily exposure. In rabbits dermally exposed to tridecane it produced a greater increase in temperature and capacitance at all time points than all the other components of JP-8 jet fuel. Mice treated with tridecane developed tumors on their backs, after exposure to ultraviolet radiation at wavelengths longer than 350 nm, generally considered noncarcinogenic. When aspirated into the lungs, tridecane is an asphyxiant. It can cause death and chemical pneumonitis. The following genotoxicity studies were negative: Cell transformation and cotransformation with benzo(a)pyrene on Syrian hamster embryo cells, and intercellular communication on Syrian hamster embryo cells.

LD50 Mouse iv 1161 mg/kg

n-Tridecane is found in crude oil(1). A crude oil from Ponca Field, Oklahoma contained 1.6% (by volume) n-tridecane(2).

n-Tridecane's production and use in organic synthesis, as a solvent and distillation chaser(1) and as a component in crude oil(2), gasoline, kerosene(1) and diesel fuel(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). n-Tridecane is emitted in the exhaust from diesel(3) and gasoline engines(4).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8800(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-tridecane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-tridecane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.94 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.0375 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 0.0047 mg/L(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). n-Tridecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). A 76.7-85.8% of theoretical biodegradation using activated sludge in several OECD 301F tests indicates n-tridecane is readily biodegradable(5) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). In a study of soil spiked with JP-4 jet fuel, removal of n-tridecane occurred faster in untreated soil compared to sterile soil indicating that biodegradation contributed to the removal of n-tridecane from soil(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8800(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-tridecane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.94 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.0375 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.0047 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5.4 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 18 months if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 540(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 6.73(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). A 76.7-85.8% of theoretical biodegradation using activated sludge in several OECD 301F tests indicates n-tridecane is readily biodegradable(8) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). In a seawater die-away test using crude oil, loss of n-tridecane reached 8 and 42% within 5 and 15 days, respectively(9). n-Tridecane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-tridecane, which has a vapor pressure of 0.0375 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-tridecane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.51X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Based upon data for similar alkanes(4), n-tridecane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-tridecane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been experimentally determined to be 1.51X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 24 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). n-Tridecane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Based upon data for similar alkanes(4), n-tridecane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 540 was calculated in fish for n-tridecane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 6.73(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). The structurally similar n-dodecane has a measured BCF of 240(1) which is consistent with the estimated BCF for n-tridecane(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-tridecane can be estimated to be 8800(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-tridecane is expected to be immobile in soil. In a study conducted to mimic a spill of 1.27 L/sq-m, n-tridecane (present in JP-4 jet fuel) was transported to a depth of 10 cm; at the end of the study (134 days), it was no longer detected(3).

The Henry's Law constant for n-tridecane is estimated as 1.94 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.0375 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.0047 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-tridecane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.4 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 18 months if adsorption is considered(4). n-Tridecane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). n-Tridecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(SRC).

DRINKING WATER: n-Tridecane has been identified but not quantified in New Orleans, LA drinking water(1) and USA drinking water(2). Grab samples of raw and treated water were taken at waterworks treating lowland river water in the UK between March and December 1976(3); n-tridecane was identified in the initial survey of raw and treated water, concentration unknown(3). n-Tridecane was listed as one of the many organic chemicals identified in drinking water in the USA as of 1974(4).|SURFACE WATER: The concn of n-tridecane in water samples collected from the Hor Al-Hammar marsh, Iran, during the winter, spring, and summer of 1987 was determined to range from 0.02-0.06, 0.01-0.05, and 0.01-0.02 ug/L, respectively(1). The average n-tridecane concentration of water samples taken from a brook adjacent to a roadway at Brunel University, England was 1.5 ppb(2). Water samples were collected at 11 different locations along the length of the Mississippi River in the summer of 1984, and n-tridecane was detected at station 6 (near Cairo, IL) with a concentration of 21 ng/L(3). The concentration of n-tridecane in the Besos and Llobregat Rivers near Barcelona, Spain was determined to be 11,000 and 1,300 ng/L, respectively(4); n-tridecane was identified in adjacent marine coastal waters at a concentration of 4.2 ng/L(4). n-Tridecane has been identified but not quantified in the water of Lake Constance, Germany, after heavy boat traffic(5). The concentration of n-tridecane in surface water at an offshore oil production operation in the Gulf of Mexico was determined to be 110 ug/L(6).|SEAWATER: In the heavily industrialized area of Kitakyushu, Japan, n-tridecane was detected but not quantified in seawater(1). n-Tridecane was identified in coastal water near Vineland Sound, MA, ranging in concentration from 0.1 to 5.3 ng/L(2). Water samples collected in 1977 from the north central part of the Gulf of Mexico were found to contain n-tridecane concentrations ranging from traces to 10 ng/kg(3).|RAIN/SNOW: Eight surface snow samples collected on Antarctic expeditions from 1987/88, 1988/89, and 1990/91 and six deep snow samples collected from the 1990/91 expedition were found to contain an average n-tridecane concentration of 20 ng/L(1). Snow samples collected from six sites in Russia and four sites in Finland in early March contained n-tridecane concentrations of 0.17 to 2.83 ug/kg(2).

n-Tridecane was identified as a volatile component of peanut oil (heated from 150 to 200 °C)(1), Beaufort cheese(2), fried bacon(3), roasted filberts (Corylus avellana)(4), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed(5), fried chicken(6), kiwi fruit flowers (Actinidia chinensis Planch.)(7), and juice from Kogyoku apples(8), concentrations not reported(SRC). 1.04% of the non-condensable volatile fraction area and 0.36% of the condensable lipid fraction area of raw beef volatiles was identified as n-tridecane(9). The aroma concentrates of uncured beef were found to contain 0.31 mg/kg n-tridecane(10). n-Tridecane was identified as a volatile component of frankfurters(11). n-Tridecane was detected in paprika oleoresin at a concentration of 1.2 mg/kg(12).

n-Tridecane was detected in 3 of 12 samples of mothers breast milk from the cities of Bayonne NJ, Jersey City NJ, Bridgeville PA and Baton Rouge LA(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facility estimates the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of n-tridecane (629-50-5) is 500-999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 279 workers (0 of these are female) were potentially exposed to tridecane (isomer not specified) in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-tridecane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-tridecane is produced or used. Atmospheric workplace exposures have been documented(2-5). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-tridecane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing n-tridecane(SRC).

n-Tridecane was detected in 3 of 12 samples of mothers breast milk from the cities of Bayonne NJ, Jersey City NJ, Bridgeville PA and Baton Rouge LA(1). n-Tridecane was detected in expired air collected from 62 non-smoking subjects (20 controls, 14 prediabetics, and 28 diabetics), concentration unknown(2).

... The purpose of the present study was to investigate the percutaneous absorption of JP-8 across pig ear skin and human skin in vitro and to study the effect of JP-8 exposure on the skin barrier function and irritation in Yucatan minipigs. JP-8 spiked with 5.0 microCi of radiolabeled (14)C tridecane, nonane, naphthalene or toluene (selected components of JP-8) was used for the in vitro percutaneous absorption studies with excised pig ear skin and human skin. For in vivo studies, 250 microl of JP-8 or two of its components (toluene or nonane) was placed in a Hill top chamber(R) and affixed over the marked treatment area for 24 hr. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin capacitance (moisture content) and skin irritation (erythema and edema) were evaluated before treatment and at 1,2 and 24 hr after removal of the patches. The components of JP-8 such as tridecane, nonane, naphthalene and toluene permeated significantly through pig ear skin and human skin and the permeation rates were found to be proportional to their composition in JP-8. The steady state flux values of tridecane across pig ear skin and human skin did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Though the steady state flux values of nonane, naphthalene and toluene were statistically different between porcine and human skin (P<0.01), the values were close considering the large variations usually observed in the percutaneous absorption studies. Application of toluene, nonane or JP-8 increased the TEWL, JP-8 being the highest (3.5 times at 24 hr compared to baseline level). The skin moisture content decreased after the application of JP-8, though it was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the baseline level. JP-8 caused a moderate erythema and a moderate to severe edema. Though the edema decreased after 24 hr, the degree of erythema remained about the same until 24 hr. The skin irritation caused by JP-8 was greater than neat toluene or nonane. The TEWL data of toluene, nonane and JP-8 correlated well with the skin irritation data (erythema and edema). Exposure of JP-8, which contains hundreds of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, caused significant changes in the barrier function of the skin as indicated by an increase in TEWL and produced a significant erythema and edema in minipigs. Furthermore, the disruption of barrier function of skin, as indicated by increased TEWL after exposure to JP-8 might result in increased permeation of its own components and/or other chemicals exposed to skin. The present study provides further evidence that pig ear skin may be used as a model for predicting the rates of permeation of chemicals through human skin.|Dermal penetration and absorption of jet fuels in general, and JP-8 in particular, is not well understood, even though government and industry, worldwide, use over 4.5 billion gallons of JP-8 per year. Exposures to JP-8 can occur from vapor, liquid, or aerosol. Inhalation and dermal exposure are the most prevalent routes. JP-8 may cause irritation during repeated or prolonged exposures, but it is unknown whether systemic toxicity can occur from dermal penetration of fuels. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the penetration and absorption of JP-8 and its major constituents with rat skin, so that the potential for effects with human exposures can be assessed. We used static diffusion cells to measure both the flux of JP-8 and components across the skin and the kinetics of absorption into the skin. Total flux of the hydrocarbon components was 20.3 micrograms/sq cm/hr. Thirteen individual components of JP-8 penetrated into the receptor solution. The fluxes ranged from a high of 51.5 micrograms/sq cm/hr (an additive, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) to a low of 0.334 micrograms/sq cm/hr (tridecane). Aromatic components penetrated most rapidly. Six components (all aliphatic) were identified in the skin. Concentrations absorbed into the skin at 3.5 hr ranged from 0.055 micrograms per gram skin (tetradecane) to 0.266 micrograms per gram skin (undecane). These results suggest: (1) that JP-8 penetration will not cause systemic toxicity because of low fluxes of all the components; and (2) the absorption of aliphatic components into the skin may be a cause of skin irritation.|Rat tissue:air and blood:air partition coefficients (PCs) for octane, nonane, decane, undecane, and dodecane (n-C8 to n-C12 n-alkanes) were determined by vial equilibration. The blood:air PC values for n-C8 to n-C12 were 3.1, 5.8, 8.1, 20.4, and 24.6, respectively. The lipid solubility of n-alkanes increases with carbon length, suggesting that lipid solubility is an important determinant in describing n-alkane blood:air PC values. The muscle:blood, liver: blood, brain:blood, and fat:blood PC values were octane (1.0, 1.9, 1.4, and 247), nonane (0.8, 1.9, 3.8, and 274), decane (0.9, 2.0, 4.8, and 328), undecane (0.7, 1.5, 1.7, and 529), and dodecane (1.2, 1.9, 19.8, and 671), respectively. The tissue:blood PC values were greatest in fat and the least in muscle. The brain:air PC value for undecane was inconsistent with other n-alkane values. Using the measured partition coefficient values of these n-alkanes, linear regression was used to predict tissue (except brain) and blood:air partition coefficient values for larger n-alkanes, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, and heptadecane (n-C13 to n-C17). Good agreement between measured and predicted tissue:air and blood:air partition coefficient values for n-C8 to n-Cl2 offer confidence in the partition coefficient predictions for longer chain n-alkanes.|... The present study is an ongoing approach to assess the dose-related percutaneous absorption of a number of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The first treatment (1X) was comprised of mixtures containing undecane (4.1%), dodecane (4.7%), tridecane (4.4%), tetradecane (3%), pentadecane (1.6%), naphthalene (1.1%), and dimethyl naphthalene (1.3% of jet fuels) in hexadecane solvent using porcine skin flow through diffusion cell. Other treatments (n = 4 cells) were 2X and 5X concentrations. Perfusate samples were analyzed with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) using head space solid phase micro-extraction fiber technique. We have standardized the assay to have a good linear correlation for all the tested components in media standards. Absorption parameters including diffusivity, permeability, steady state flux, and percent dose absorbed were estimated for all the tested hydrocarbons. This approach provides a baseline to access component interactions among themselves and with the diluent (solvents). A quantitative structure permeability relationship (QSPR) model was derived to predict the permeability of unknown jet fuel hydrocarbons in this solvent system by using their physicochemical parameters. Our findings suggested a dose related increase in absorption for naphthalene and dimethyl naphthalene (DMN).|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for n-Tridecane (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Alternative fuels are being considered for civilian and military uses. One of these is S-8, a replacement jet fuel synthesized using the Fischer-Tropsch process, which contains no aromatic compounds and is mainly composed of straight and branched alkanes. Metabolites of S-8 fuel in laboratory animals have not been identified. The goal of this study was to identify metabolic products from exposure to aerosolized S-8 and a designed straight-chain alkane/polyaromatic mixture (decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, naphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene) in male Fischer 344 rats. Collected blood and tissue samples were analyzed for 70 straight and branched alcohols and ketones ranging from 7 to 15 carbons. No fuel metabolites were observed in the blood, lungs, brain, and fat following S-8 exposure. Metabolites were detected in the liver, urine, and feces. Most of the metabolites were 2- and 3-position alcohols and ketones of prominent hydrocarbons with very few 1- or 4-position metabolites. Following exposure to the alkane mixture, metabolites were observed in the blood, liver, and lungs. Interestingly, heavy metabolites (3-tridecanone, 2-tridecanol, and 2-tetradecanol) were observed only in the lung tissues possibly indicating that metabolism occurred in the lungs. With the exception of these heavy metabolites, the metabolic profiles observed in this study are consistent with previous studies reporting on the metabolism of individual alkanes. Further work is needed to determine the potential metabolic interactions of parent, primary, and secondary metabolites and identify more polar metabolites. Some metabolites may have potential use as biomarkers of exposure to fuels.|The effect of cultural conditions on inosine production were investigated in the adenine auxotroph of Corynebacterium petrophilum SB 4082. The inosine production was dependent upon the amount of adenine in the medium. The addition of 10 mg adenine and 0.5 g of yeast extract to 100 mL of medium was optimal for inosine formation. Ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate were effective as nitrogen sources. Tridecane was utilized as a carbon source.

12.00 Days|10.72 Days

May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. Vapor or mist is irritating to the eyes, mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract. Causes skin irritation. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orortracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. lWatch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for n-Tridecane (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ... Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were exposed to JP-8, aliphatic hydrocarbon (HC) fuel S-8 and aliphatic HC pentadecane (penta), tetradecane (tetra), tridecane (tri) and undecane (un) for 5 min. Additional studies were conducted with signal transduction pathway blockers parthenolide (P; 3.0 microm), isohelenin (I; 3.0 microm), SB 203580 (SB; 13.3 microm), substance P (SP; 3.0 microm) and recombinant human IL-10 (rHIL-10; 10 ng/mL). In the absence of inhibitors, JP-8 and to a lesser extent un and S-8, had the greatest toxic effect on cell viability and inflammation suggesting, as least in vitro, that synthetic S-8 fuel is less irritating than the currently used JP-8. Each inhibitor significantly (P < 0.05) decreased HEK viability. DMSO, the vehicle for P, I and SB, had a minimal effect on viability. Overall, IL-8 production was suppressed at least 30% after treatment with each inhibitor. Normalizing data relative to control indicate which inhibitors suppress HC-mediated IL-8 to control levels. P was the most effective inhibitor of IL-8 release; IL-8 was significantly decreased after exposure to un, tri, tetra and penta but significantly increased after JP-8 exposure compared with controls. Inhibitors were not effective in suppressing IL-8 release in JP-8 exposures to control levels. This study shows that inhibiting NF-kappa B, which appears to play a role in cytokine production in HC-exposed HEK in vitro, may reduce the inflammatory effect of HC in vivo.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Tridecane may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption during industrial use.

n-tridecane

Grades: 95%; 99%; research.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Tridecane: ACTIVE

The alkanes to C17 may be collected on charcoal, the higher members as particulate matter on filters, and determined by gas chromatography. /Alkanes/|Mass fragmentography analysis of emissions from animal rendering factories.|Isolation by steam distillation and analysis of sediment by gas chromatography-flame ionization.|A quantitative procedure is described for the determination of the toxic materials, alkane and methylnaphthalene compounds in shellfish tissues. Fresh shellfish (less than 100 g) was refluxed for 1 hour. The solvent was separated and extracted with C6-H14, which was then dried and concentrated and added to a silicic acid column. The column was eluted. The fractions were separated into their component hydrocarbons by gas chromatography. This procedure allowed recovery of more than 70% of the alkanes and methylnaphthalenes added to tissues, and minimum detectable levels were 0.08 to 0.15 and 0.03 to 0.04 ug/g, respectively.|Qualitative and quantitative gas chromatography analysis of the n-alkanes C9-C17 in air masses.

Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Hydrocarbons [FA11]