Ethyl phenylacetate

164.2

164.20

509140

202-993-8

V6CNZ04D8O

406259|8894

DTXSID6044353

Liquid|Colorless liquid

29163500

26.3

2.3

Liquid

0.9537 g/cm³ @ Temp: 14 °C

-29.4 °C

227 °C

172 °F

n 20/D 1.497(lit.)

insoluble

Store below +30°C.

6.24X10-2 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

5.67 (Air = 1)

The acute oral LD 50 value in rats was reported as 3.30g/kg(2.52-4.08 g/kg) (Moreno,1973).The acute dermal LD 50 in rabbits was reported as > 5g/kg(Moreno, 1973).

Sweet, honey odor

Taste characteristics at 10 ppm: sweet, fruity, honey, cocoa, apple and woody

Henry's Law constant = 1.88X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = -7.1 (est)

Aroma threshold values: Detection: 650 ppb|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.2X10-12 cu cm/mole-sec at 25 °C (est)

2

23-24/25

AJ2824000

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P312, P321, P332+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501

H315

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, Strong bases

Ethyl phenylacetate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Not Classified

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Combustible liquid

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Carbon oxides

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Do not let product enter drains. Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Do not let product enter drains.|Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

In a human patch pretest the skin irritation potential of the test material was determined. No irritation was found.|Four female albino rabbits were exposed to 0.1 mL of the test article in the left eye. ... Slight signs of irritation were observed on the treated eyes. All effects were fully reversible within 72 hours. Ethyl phenyl acetate shall not be classified as eye irritating.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Ethyl phenylacetate was detected in 2 samples of waste water collected from a rural New Jersey publicly owned treatment works facility, at a concentration of 3 ppb; it was not detected in samples collected from two NJ POTWs located in industrial areas(1).

Ethyl phenylacetate is a component of tobacco and tobacco smoke(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethyl phenyl acetate is a colorless liquid and a flavor ingredient found in food and drinks such as juices and wines. HUMAN STUDIES: In a human patch pretest, no skin irritation was found. There were no instances of contact-sensitization in healthy male volunteers. It was negative in the in vitro study performed to assess the irritation potential in the Human Skin Model Test. ANIMAL STUDIES: Ethyl phenyl acetate was not irritating to the eyes of rabbits. It was not sensitizing in guinea pigs. In a mutagenesis study with the Salmonella strains TA92, TA1535, TA100, TA1537, TA94, TA98 and for some samples TA2637 with and without metabolic activation no mutagenic effects were observed.

LD50 Rat oral 3300 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rabbit dermal 5000 mg/kg bw

Ethyl phenylacetate is a volatile aroma component of fruit and honey(1). Ethyl phenylacetate is a component of some tissues and essential oils of various plant species and plant parts(2). Ethyl phenyl acetate was detected in human expired air(3).

Ethyl phenylacetate's production and use in food flavorings and as a chemical intermediate(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in perfumery(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Ethyl phenylacetate has been detected in wastewater effluents from publicly-owned water treatment facilities(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 78, 110, and 129(2-4) indicate that ethyl phenylacetate is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl phenylacetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.88X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Ethyl phenylacetate has an estimated vapor pressure of 6.24X10-2 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(6) and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions; therefore, ethyl phenylacetate may volatilize from dry soil. Utilizing the Closed Bottle test, 78% degradation was reached in 28 days(7) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 78, 110, and 129(2-4) indicate that ethyl phenylacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(5) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.88X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(7), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.7 days and 23 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 15(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.28(9) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Utilizing the Closed Bottle test, 78% degradation was reached in 28 days(10) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl phenylacetate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 6.24X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl phenylacetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Ethyl phenylacetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl phenylacetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6.2 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 2.03X10-1 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 1 year and 40 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Ethyl phenylacetate may undergo slow hydrolysis in alkaline soils and waters(3). Ethyl phenylacetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 15 was calculated in fish for ethyl phenylacetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.28(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

77.62 L/kg|Experimental Koc values for ethyl phenylacetate have been reported to be 78(1), 110(2), and 129 (alfisol soil, 1.25% organic carbon, 69.7%sand, 14.4% silt, and 15.9% clay)(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these Koc values suggest that ethyl phenylacetate is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl phenylacetate is estimated as 1.88X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl phenylacetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1.7 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 23 days(SRC). Ethyl phenylacetate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Ethyl phenylacetate has an estimated vapor pressure of 6.24X10-2 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3) and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions; therefore, ethyl phenylacetate may volatilize from dry soil.

No reports of surface water or ground water monitoring studies that included ethyl phenylacetate were found in searches of the online National Water Quality Monitoring Council database which compiles monitoring data from the Retrieval (STORET) Data Warehouse and the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS)(1).|GROUNDWATER: Ethyl phenylacetate was identified, but not quantified, in a groundwater sample collected in 1984 from a well approximately 300 meters from Hipps Road Landfill in Florida(1).

Ethyl phenylacetate was detected in 3 commercial samples of fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds obtained from a Hong Kong market, at concentrations of 191.2 ug/kg, 296.4 ug/kg, and 150.1 ug/kg(1). It is a constituent of cider, grape wines and port wine(2).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facility estimates the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of ethyl phenylacetate in the United States may be less than 10 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|Occupational exposure to ethyl phenylacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl phenylacetate is produced or used. Limited monitoring data and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethyl phenylacetate via ingestion of food, smoking cigarettes and inhalation dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl phenylacetate. (SRC)

Ethyl phenyl acetate was detected in human expired air, collected from 28 healthy individuals, with concentrations ranging between approximately 0.3 to 1.05 ng/L of expired air, and a geometric mean of approximately 0.65 ng/L of expired air(1). Ethyl phenyl acetate was detected in human expired air, collected from 54 healthy individuals, with concentrations ranging between approximately 0.038 to 0.349 ng/L of expired air, and a geometric mean of approximately 0.115 ng/L of expired air(2).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Esters and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a pre-test for a human maximization study, a patch was applied under occlusion to normal sites on the backs of 5 subjects for 48 hours. No skin irritation effects were observed. On the basis of these results the substance was considered to be non irritating to the skin. Conclusions: In a human patch pretest the skin irritation potential of the test material was determined. No irritation was found.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A maximization test was conducted to determine the contact-sensitizing potential of the test item. 25 healthy male inmate volunteers were used in a maximization test. In the main test the test item was applied under occlusion to the same sites on the volar forearms of all subjects for five alternate-day 48 hour periods. The patch sites were pre-treated for 24 hours with 5 % aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate under occlusion. Following a ten day rest period, challenge patches of all materials were applied under occlusion to fresh sites for 48 hours. No instances of contact-sensitization from any material on the maximization test were found. Conclusions: There were no instances of contact-sensitization from any material on the maximization test. It is unlikely that these materials would present a danger of contact-sensitization in normal, intended use.|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ This in vitro study was performed to assess the irritation potential of the test item by means of the Human Skin Model Test. The test item did not prove to be a MTT reducer (test for direct MTT reduction), and it did not change color when mixed with deionized water (test for color interference). Also its intrinsic color was not intensive. Consequently, additional tests with freeze-killed or viable tissues were not necessary. Each three tissues of the human skin model EpiDerm were treated with the test item, the negative or the positive control for 60 minutes. Each 30 uL of the test item, of the negative control (DPBS), and of the positive control (5% SLS) were applied to each tissue and spread to match the surface of the tissue. After treatment with the negative control the absorbance values were well in the required range of the acceptability criterion of mean OD = 0.8 and = 2.8 for the 60 minutes treatment interval, thus assuring the quality of the tissues. Treatment with the positive control induced a sufficient decrease in the relative absorbance as compared to the negative control for the 60 minutes treatment interval, and thus assuring the validity of the test system. After treatment with the test item the mean relative absorbance value decreased to 89.1% compared to the relative absorbance value of the negative control. This value is above the threshold for irritancy of = 50%. Therefore, the test item is not considered to possess an irritant potential.

EPhA ester

Grade: Technical, FCC.

Benzeneacetic acid, ethyl ester: ACTIVE|Natural occurrence: Reported found in grapefruit juice, apple juice, figs, guava, pineapple, papaya, cognac, cider, grape wines and port wine.

Interest in high-quality and peculiar products is a recent trend in the enological field; for this reason, production of wines from autochthonous vine varieties is requested by consumers. Aglianico wine from the Italian region "Basilicata" is an example of a promising product strictly connected to the territory; nevertheless, it is affected by a frequent sweet-like off-flavor. In this study the compositional cause of this off-flavor was investigated by SPME-GC-olfactometry, SPME-GC-MS, and sensory tests. Ethyl phenylacetate (EPhA) was found to be the compound mainly responsible, and its sensory threshold was determined near 73 ug/L; products with the odorant concentration near and up to these values were always recognized as significantly different from the other wines and were often far from wine technical pleasantness; besides EPhA gave to the wines a strong honey-like character. Some preliminary hypotheses about its mechanism of formation (shikimate pathway) are presented in this study: these hypotheses could explain the correlation between EPhA and volatile phenols that was found by both sensory tests and GC quantitative analysis of wines affected by different levels of defect.|In the present work, the aroma profiles of wines elaborated from sound and sour rot-infected grapes as raw material have been studied by sensory analysis, gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with the aim of determining the odor volatiles most likely associated with this disease. The effect of sour rot was tested in monovarietal wines produced with the Portuguese red grape variety Trincadeira and in blends of Cabernet Sauvignon and sour rotten Trincadeira grapes. Wines produced from damaged berries exhibited clear honey-like notes not evoked by healthy samples. Ethyl phenylacetate (EPhA) and phenylacetic acid (PAA), both exhibiting sweet honey-like aromas, emerged as key aroma compounds of sour rotten wines. Their levels were 1 order of magnitude above those found in controls and reached 304 and 1668 ug/L of EPhA and PAA, respectively, well above the corresponding odor thresholds. Levels of gamma-nonalactone also increased by a factor 3 in sour rot samples. Results also suggest that sour rot exerts a great effect on the secondary metabolism of yeast, decreasing the levels of volatiles related to fatty acids and amino acid synthesis. The highest levels of gamma-decalactone of up to 405 ug/L were also found in all of the samples, suggesting that this could be a relevant aroma compound in Trincadeira wine aroma.

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