Diethylene glycol

106.12

106.12

969209

203-872-2

61BR964293

0619

36391|35746|35745|35744|32856|32855

DTXSID8020462

Colorless syrupy liquid

29094100

49.7

-1.47

colorless Oily Liquid

1.18 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-6.5 °C

244-245 °C

143 °C

1.445-1.448

H2O: 50 mg/mL at 20 °C, clear, colorless

Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep containers tightly closed. Store protected from moisture.

0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

2.14 (vs air)

1.6%-10.8%

2-12.3%

Practically odorless

Sharply sweetish taste

3.00e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Solidifies at -10.45 °C (when pure); hygroscopic|Percent in saturated air: 0.0013 (20 °C)|Liquid molar volume = 0.095268 cu m/kmol|Ideal gas heat of formation = -5.712E+8 J/kmol|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.0X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C

Slightly soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It is also incompatible with strong bases. It can react with sulfuric acid and other dehydrating agents, nitric acid, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, perchloric acid and strong acids. Mixtures with sodium hydroxide decompose exothermically when heated to 446° F. (NTP, 1992)

2-Hydroxyethyl ether|D*: Other compounds that may form peroxides|Lloyd (Dow) - JACS

444 °F (USCG, 1999)|444 °F|229 °C

-9617 BTU/LB= -5343 CAL/G= -223.7X10+5 JOULES/KG

1.6%-10.8%

270 BTU/LB= 150 CAL/G= 6.28X10+5 JOULES/KG

CRITICAL TEMP: 766 °F= 408 °C= 681 DEG K; CRITICAL PRESSURE 680 PSIA= 46 ATM= 4.7 MEGANEWTONS/SQUARE M

1

22

46

ID5950000

Xn,T,Xi

Dry. Well closed. Separated from strong oxidants.

Toxic/Irritant

Low volatility

P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Atomize into an incinerator. Combustion may be improved by mixing with a more flammable solvent. Recommendable methods: Incineration. ...

... Can react with oxidizing materials ... Mixtures with sodium hydroxide decompose exothermically when heated to 230 °C and release explosive hydrogen gas.|Mixtures with sodium hydroxide decompose exothermically when heated to 230 °C and release explosive hydrogen gas.|Can attack some forms of plastic.

Diethylene glycol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, 2,2'-Oxidiethanol (111-46-6) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from the database query page, as of June 16, 2009: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible.

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501|H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]|P273, P391, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P301+P312, P314, P330, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 4671 companies from 39 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P308+P313, P314, P405, and P501

Full face mask with canister for short exposures to high vapor levels; rubber gloves; goggles. (USCG, 1999)

Slight, when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials.|Combustable when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials.

Various mixtures /a base/ with ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol when heated in DSC capsules show exothermic decomposition around 230 °C with rapid evolution of hydrogen. The exotherms increase with the base:glycol ratio, and the principal hazard arises from the rapid increase of pressure in closed systems caused by hydrogen evolution.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.6-10.8

Alcohol foam, water, carbon dioxide, dry chemical

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a POTW is acceptable only after review by the governing authority. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must meet Hazardous Material Criteria for disposal.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

... It is not appreciably irritating to the eyes or skin ...|An eye and human skin irritant.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Dry. Well closed. Separated from strong oxidants.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The substance may cause effects on the kidneys. This may result in kidney impairment. Ingestion could cause effects on the central nervous system and liver. Ingestion could cause death.

NO open flames.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

SEDIMENT: Diethylene glycol was tentatively detected in sludge from the River Lee, Great Britain, by liquid-solid extraction at small amounts (<0.1 ug/L)(1).

In the analysis of seven carpets, diethylene glycol was detected as a minor component in methylene chloride extracts(1).

Single oral /lethal/ dose for humans is approximately 1 mL/kg.

LD50 Rat oral 15.6 g/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 13.3 g/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 26.9 g/kg|LD50 Guinea pig oral 14.0 g/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In October 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgated application requirements with deadlines for storm-water dischargers associated with industrial activity and certain municipal systems. Major airports have a number of hydrocarbon-based contaminants that could appear in storm-water runoff. In addition, ethylene, diethylene, and propylene glycol deicing and anti-icing mixtures are used during freezing and near-freezing weather. The objective of this study was to characterize the potential acute impact on aquatic life from industrial storm-water discharges from an international airport. Samples from winter storm events caused acute toxicity to both the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the daphnid (Daphnia magna), with LC50 values for both species as low as 1.0 to 2.0% effluent. The toxicity of the samples was due to the various glycol-based deicer/anti-icer mixtures used during these events. High oxygen demands and elevated total nitrogen levels are other potential problems during anti-icing/deicing activities. Samples from rain events during the nonwinter months at the airport did not cause acute toxicity unless associated with fuel spills. As a result of this study, a new discharge permit has been issued for this airport, requiring the implementation of plans for the collection and recycling and/or disposal of the deicer /anti-icer mixtures.

Diethylene Glycol (DEG) ... was tested for reproductive toxicity in Swiss CD-1 mice using the RACB protocol. It was part of a large structure-activity series of glycol ethers & congeners evaluated using this design. F0 mice were exposed to drinking water containing 0.0, 0.35%, 1.75%, & 3.5% diethylene glycol. Based on water consumption data collected during the study, these concns produced calculated °Consumptions of nearly equal to 612, 3062, & 6,125 mg/kg/d. While F0 body weight was unchanged by diethylene glycol consumption during the Task 2 mating period, the number of litters/pair was reduced by 12% at the top dose, & the number of live pups/litter was reduced by 32%. Pup weight adjusted for litter size was reduced by nearly equal to 12% at the top dose level. In a crossover mating to determine the affected sex, number of pups/litter was equivalent across the three groups, but adjusted pup weight was reduced by 10% in the control male x 3.5% diethylene glycol female mating. After the F1 mice were weaned, the control & 3.5% diethylene glycol F0 mice were killed & necropsied. There were no treatment-related changes in male organ weights or histopathology, while female body weight was reduced by 7% after 3.5% diethylene glycol consumption. Adjusted organ weights were unchanged. For the F1 mating trial, exposed mice from the 1.75% group were used, because insufficient mice were available from the top dose, due to reduced fertility in that group. Diethylene glycol at 1.75% did not affect pup survival to mating at /postnatal day/ 74. There were no treatment-related alterations in the number or weight of F2 pups in the Task 4 mating trial. After all the F2 litters were born & the F1 females subjected to estrous cyclicity evaluation, the F1 mice were killed & necropsied. There was an 11% & 7% decr in the body weights of the treated males & females, respectively. No organ weights were affected, nor were sperm indices changed. In summary, diethylene glycol at 3.5% was a reproductive toxicant in Swiss mice, based on reductions in litters/pair, & in mean litter size. In F0 mice, this was unaccompanied by body weight loss, while in F1 mice, there was reduced body weight in the absence of a fertility effect.|... Diethylene glycol (DEG, CAS No. 111-46-6) was administered by gavage to timed-pregnant Swiss (CD-1) mice (26-31 per group) on gestational days (GD) 6-15 at dose levels of 0, 1250, 5000, or 10,000 mg/kg body weight/day. Animals were observed daily for clinical signs of toxicity. Food and water consumption and body weights were determined on gestational days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 17. All animals were killed on gestational days 17 and examined for maternal body and organ weights, implant status, fetal weight, sex, and morphological development. ... Relative (g/kg body weight/day) water intake was significantly increased over control for every interval starting at gestational days 6 in the 5000 and 10,000 mg/kg/day diethylene glycol treated animals. Maternal animals given 10,000 mg/kg/day of diethylene glycol had significantly decreased relative (g/kg body weight/day) food consumption from gestational days 6 to 12. One maternal animal treated with 10,000 mg/kg/day of diethylene glycol was sacrificed in extremis on gd 10. Necropsy and histopathologic examinations revealed evidence of renal degeneration and suggested that morbidity was due to toxicity produced by diethylene glycol. Necropsy of maternal animals on gestational days 17 showed that animals from the 5000 and 10,000 mg/kg/day DEG groups had significantly increased absolute (g) and relative (% body weight) kidney weights when compared to control animals. At 10,000 mg/kg/day , renal lesions (renal tubular degeneraion) were noted in 2/27 females which survived to scheduled 11% (3/28) of the pregnant females at the high dose showed evidence of renal pathology as compared to 0/20 pregnant females from the vehicle control group. No effects of diethylene glycol were observed on pre- or post-implantation loss. The mean fetal body weight per dose group on gestational days 17 was associated with a significant decreasing linear trend (99%, 96%, and 85% of control from the low to high dose) and mean fetal body weight was significantly decreased in the highdose group (0.865 g) when compared to controls (1.012 g). Examination of the fetuses for external, visceral and skeletal malformations did not reveal any significant effects between dose groups. The decrease in fetal body weight indicated developmental toxicity at the 10,000 mg/kg/day exposure level of diethylene glycol. In summary, there was no maternal or developmental toxicity at 1250 mg/kg/day of diethylene glycol. The mid-dose (5000 mg/kg/day diethylene glycol) produced significant maternal toxicity, but no clear evidence of developmental toxicity. The high dose (10,000 mg/kg/day diethylene glycol) caused the death of I out of 28 pregnant dams, maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity.

Diethylene glycol's production and use as a chemical intermediate, textile softener, in petroleum solvent extraction; dehydration of natural gas, in plasticizers, and surfactants, solvent for nitrocellulose and many dyes and oils as well as a humectant for tobacco, synthetic sponges, paper products; book-binding adhesives and in cosmetics(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). The FDA regards it as hazardous for household use in concentration of 10% or more(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diethylene glycol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diethylene glycol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Diethylene glycol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.7X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Diethylene glycol was readily biodegraded in a sandy loam(5) suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diethylene glycol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -1.5(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Diethylene glycol was biodegraded partially from river water within 7 days at 20 °C, but under winter conditions of river flow and temperature (less than 8 °C) degradation was minimal(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diethylene glycol, which has a vapor pressure of 5.7X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethylene glycol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Diethylene glycol degraded 5.5% by light at a wavelength greater than 290 nm over a period of 17 hours(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diethylene glycol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 3.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 17 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Diethylene glycol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). The rate constant for the reaction between photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in water and diethylene glycol is 2X10+9 L/mole-sec(3); assuming that the concentration of hydroxyl radicals in brightly sunlit natural water is 1X10-17 M(4), the half-life would be about 400 days(SRC). Diethylene glycol degraded 5.5% by light at a wavelength greater than 290 nm over a period of 17 hours(5).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for diethylene glycol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -1.5(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of diethylene glycol can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that diethylene glycol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for diethylene glycol is estimated as 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diethylene glycol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Diethylene glycol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.7X10-3 mm Hg(3).

GROUND WATER: Diethylene glycol was detected in ground waters in the Netherlands at a maximum concentration of 3 ug/L(1).|DRINKING WATER: Diethylene glycol was detected, not quantified in drinking water from Cincinnati, OH(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 890,145 workers (261,558 of these were female) were potentially exposed to diethylene glycol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to diethylene glycol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diethylene glycol is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diethylene glycol via inhalation and dermal contact with consumer products containing diethylene glycol(SRC).|In the Island Creek Coal Company's Bayard West Virginia coal preparation plant, particulate diethylene glycol was detected in two of five samples of indoor air. The two samples contained 4.8 mg/cu m (on a coal sampler), and 0.22 mg/cu m (on a car dropper) after a maximum sampling time of 3.5 hours(1).

The lethal dose for human beings ranged from 0.014 to 0.170 mg diethylene glycol/kg bw.|Single oral /lethal/ dose for humans is approximately 1 mL/kg.|Probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 g/kg; between 1 oz and 1 pint (or 1 lb) for 70 kg (150 lb) person.

Half-logarithmic plots of urinary 14C excretion rates versus time indicated zero-order elimination for the first 9 and 18 hr after oral doses of 5 and 10 mL of 14C-DEG/kg, respectively. 14C-DEG urinary elimination kinetics changed into first-order 6, 9, and 18 hr after oral doses of 1, 5, and 10 mL/kg, with a half-life of 3 hr. 2. ... The urinary concentrations of non-metabolized DEG and its metabolite, 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (2-HEAA), determined by high-resolution nmr spectroscopy in the urine of rats doses with DEG were 61-68% and 16-31% dose, respectively. ... Oxidation of DEG ... in rats was accompanied by a change of urinary pH, reflecting metabolic acidosis.|Oral doses of 1 and 5 mL/kg (14)C-diethylene glycol (DEG) given to rats were rapidly and almost completely absorbed, the invasion constants being 2.95/ hr and 4.24/ hr ... (14)C-DEG was rapidly distributed from the blood into the organs and tissues in the order kidneys > brain > spleen > liver > muscle > fat, i.e. the same order as the blood flow. The relative volume of distribution, app. VD, was determined at 298 mL, indicating distribution over the whole body. After oral doses of 1, 5, and 10 mL (14)C-DEG/kg 64, 87, and 91% of (14)C activity in rat blood disappeared in 12-16 hr with a half-life of 3.4 hr and the remaining 9, 5, and 4% with half-lives of 39 hr, 45 hr, and 49 hr. A total of 73-96% of (14)C activity in blood was excreted with the urine and 0.7-2.2% with the feces. From the cumulative urinary excretion kinetics half-lives of 6 hr were determined for doses of 1 and 5 mL/kg and 10 hr for the dose of 10 mL/kg. After doses of 5 mL/kg and 10 mL/kg (14)C-DEG semi-logarithmic plots of elimination rate versus time were constant for 5 and 9 hr, respectively, indicating that DEG accelerated its renal elimination by inducing osmotic diuresis. Thereafter urinary excretion followed first order kinetics with elimination half-lives of 3.6 hr. After oral doses of 5 ml/kg (14)C-DEG given to rats of 336 g body weight with an app. VD of 297 mL, the total clearance of (14)C activity was determined at 63 mL/hr, and the renal clearance of unmetabolized DEG was 66 mL/hr. The ratio of ClDEG to Cl (inulin) = 0.64 indicated that DEG and its metabolite 2-hydroxyethoxyacetate (2-HEAA) were reabsorbed from the tubuli into the blood capillaries.|In metabolism studies with the dog ... a large portion of the diethylene glycol administered was excreted in the urine unchanged.|... Diethylene glycol may be absorbed through the skin especially upon essentially continuous contact ... .|Like /ethylene glycol/, diethylene glycol is well absorbed in the GI tract, distributed throughout total body water and organs on the basis of blood flow ...

Diethylene glycol is metabolized in the liver by two consecutive oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent reactions. First, diethylene glycol is metabolized by ADH to (2-hydroxyethoxy)acetaldehyde, which is then rapidly metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase to (2-hydroxyethoxy)acetate.|... /Diethylene glycol (DEG) is/ initially metabolized by /alcohol dehydrogenase/ and subsequently by /aldehyde dehydrogenase/. The ether linkage of DEG is not cleaved and no appreciable amounts of EG or EG metabolites are formed from DEG, although small amounts of /oxalic acid/ have occasionally been reported ...|... Based on studies in rats and dogs, unchanged diethylene glycol recovered in urine constitutes the majority of oral doses, with a single urinary metabolite, (2-hydroxyethoxy) acetic acid, accounting for most of the remainder .|Although the metabolism of diethylene glycol is not known, the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys and urine of treated rats suggests that the metabolic pathway follows that of monoethylene glycerol, ie, to glycoaldehyde, which is further metabolized glycolate and then to oxalate, carbon dioxide, glycerine and serine.

14C-Diethylene glycol (DEG), administered orally to rats at 1, 5, and 10 ml/kg, gave elimination half-lives of 6, 6, and 10 hr, respectively, from urinary excretion data.|Oral doses of 1 and 5 mL/kg 14C-diethylene glycol (DEG) /were/ given to rats. ... Half-lives of 6 hr were determined for doses of 1 and 5 mL/kg and 10 hr for the dose of 10 mL/kg.

Acidity (as acetic acid, max) O.005%, water (max) 0.2%, ash (max) 0.005 g/10 mL

Ingestion of large amounts may cause degeneration of kidney and liver and cause death. Liquid may cause slight skin irritation. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Supportive Care: The patient should be resuscitated with isotonic crystalloidal fluids, and acidosis should be corrected. Early treatment with a competitive ADH inhibitor (e.g., 4-methylpyrazole or ethanol), hemodialysis, and supportive care offer the best hope for patient recovery.|Enhancement of Elimination: Although there is limited experience in humans, early dialysis is recommended for all symptomatic diethylene glycol poisoning.|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 112 mg diethylene glycol /was applied/ for 3 days /following the standard Draize protocol/ resulted in a mild reaction to human skin.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ No irritation of the mouth /was observed/ where 1-2 mL of a 50% aqueous solution /of diethylene glycol was ingested/ once daily for 4 days.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Following a patch-test on humans, /it was determined that diethylene glycol is/ not sensitizing.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ethylene and diethylene glycol poisonings produce central nervous system depression, anion gap metabolic acidosis, osmolar gap and acute tubular necrosis; in severe cases, hypocalcemia, cerebral edema and heart failure may be observed; treatment often associates supportive measures, hemodialysis and administration of competitive inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase (ethanol or 4-methylpyrazole)...|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (34 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

diethylene glycol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

30% for unsaturated polyester resins and polyester polyols; 13% for triethylene glycol; 12% for textile agents; 10% exported; 7% for extraction solvent; 7% for natural gas dehydration; 7% for synthesis of plasticizers and surfactants; 14% for misc applications (1969)|30% for unsaturated polyesters and urethanes, 20% for antifreeze and deicing, 20% for triethylene glycol, 10% for morpholine, 7% for natural gas dehydration, 13% misc (1982 est)|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Diethylene glycol. Unsaturated polyester resins and polyurethanes, 34%; antifreeze blending, 17%; triethylene glycol 13%; exports, 10%; morpholine, 8%; extraction solvents, 5%; natural gas dehydration, 4%; textile conditioning, 3%; miscellaneous, 6%.|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Diethylene glycol. Demand: 1986: 505 million lb; 1987: 520 million lb; 1991 /projected/: 600 million lb. (Includes exports. In addition, 47 million lb were imported in 1986.)|For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Grade: Technical|Grades or purity: regular grade; polyester grade|Available as 100% product|Diethylene glycol 20%, ethylene glycol 80%|Diethylene glycol 25%, potassium 2-ethylhexoate 75%

Adhesive manufacturing|Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-: ACTIVE|FDA regards it as hazardous for household use in concn of 10% or more.|DEG has been improperly used as a low-cost substitute for glycerin and propylene glycol in pharmaceutical preparations resulting in various lethal poisoning incidents in humans worldwide.

Method: NIOSH 5523, Issue 1; Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization; Analyte: diethylene glycol; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 16 ug/sample.|Method: 8430; Procedure: gas chromatography with detection by a fourier transform infrared spectrometer; Analyte: diethylene glycol; Matrix: water; Detection Limit: not provided.|HPLG METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FREE GLYCOLS IN FATTY ACID ESTERS. THE COLUMN USED WAS MUBONDAPAK (NH2) & THE MOBILE PHASE WAS 95:5 CHLOROFORM-METHANOL.|GLYCOLS OXIDIZED TO ALDEHYDES. THESE WERE MADE TO REACT WITH 3-METHYLBENZOTHIAZOL-2-ONE HCL TO GIVE GREEN CATIONIC CHROMOGENS WHICH ARE MEASURED SPECTROPHOTOMETRICALLY @ 630 NM.

A PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING GLYCOLS IN BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY IS PRESENTED.

Food Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Solvent

Food Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT;