Decanal

156.269

156.27

203-957-4

31Z90Q7KQJ

6087

DTXSID4021553

Colorless to light-yellow liquid

2912190090

17.1

3.8

Decaldehyde is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a pleasant odor. Floats on water. Freezing point is 64°F. (USCG, 1999)

0.830 g/cm³ @ Temp: 15 °C

-5 °C

208.5 °C

83 deg C (181 deg F) Closed cup

1.422

H2O: INsoluble ;soluble in 80% alcohol, fixed oils, volatile oils, mineral oil; insoluble in glycerol

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature: 2-8 deg C.

0.103 mm Hg at 25 deg C/ from experimentally derived coefficients

>1 (vs air)

Floral-fatty odor

Fatty, citrus-like odor

0.00 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 1.80X10-3 atm cu m/mol at 25 °C

Acid value: not more than 10|Viscosity: 1.8 mPa sec at 20 °C|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.45X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Aldehydes

DECALDEHYDE is an aldehyde. Aldehydes are frequently involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions. These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation.

Critical temperature 674 K; Critical pressure 2.6 MPa

III

9

3082

2

R36/37/38

S26-S36

HD6000000

Xi:Irritant

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P337 + P313

H319-H412

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Waste treatment methods: Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, Strong bases, Strong reducing agents.

Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants /for human consumption/ that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use, withn the meaning of section 409 of the Act. Decanal is included on this list.|Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants /for animal drugs, feeds, and related products/ that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use, within the meaning of section 409 of the Act. Decanal is included on this list.

|Warning|H315 (24.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2211 companies from 23 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P210, P280, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501

Protective clothing and chemical goggles. (USCG, 1999)|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Suitable extinguishing media: For small (incipient) fires, use media such as "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. For large fires, apply water from as far as possible. Use very large quantities (flooding) of water applied as a mist or spray; solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Decaldehyde was detected in the gases sampled from wells and cover soils at a landfill in Tuscany at concentrations ranging from <2 to 381 ppbV(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Air samples were collected in Milan, Rome and Taranto, located in northern, central, and southern Italy, respectively. Concentrations of decaldehyde ranged from 0.36-0.63 (Milan, 2 samples, February 1991), 0.03-0.23 (Rome, 9 samples, Sept. 1991), and 0.99-1.12 ppbv (Taranto, 2 samples, August 19910(1). Suburban air samples from Montelibretti contained decaldehyde at concentrations from 0.05-0.42 ppbv (7 samples, August 1991)(1). Air collected from three locations in The Netherlands (the island of Terschelling, Delft, and Vlaardingen) had a mean concentration for decaldehyde of 0.05 ppb (max = 0.30 ppb)(2). Decaldehyde was identified but not quantified in air sampled at the Oakland San Francisco Bay bridge toll plaza during rush hour traffic on April 24, 2001(3). Decaldehyde was detected in 12 of 13 outdoor residential air samples tested May to Sept 1997(4).|INDOOR: Decaldehyde was measured in 4 different, freshly carpeted 20 cu m stainless-steel rooms at 197 hours with ozone present (0.09-0.44 ppb) and at 217-223 hours without ozone present (not detected-0.14 ppb) suggesting that new carpeting reacted with ozone in the air to produce increased concentrations of decaldehyde(1). Three of six indoor air samples, collected in 1983/1984 from 14 homes in Italy, contained decaldehyde from 2-10 ug/cu m(2). Ten of sixteen samples of air (9 indoor, 1 outdoor), collected in 1983-1985 from 4 public-access buildings, contained decaldehyde at unreported concentrations(3). Decaldehyde was detected at a mean concentration of 0.70 ppb in 9 of 9 workplace air samples tested May to Sep 1997 in Helsinki, Finland(4).|RURAL/REMOTE: Two rural sites in Italy, Monti Cimini Forest and Lido di Ostia had concentrations of 0.04-1.35(August 1990, 11 samples) and 0.23-3.07 ppbv decaldehyde (February 1992, 4 samples), respectively(1). Air samples collected from a large forest area near Storkow, East Germany contained decaldehyde at concentrations of 0.11-0.28 ppbv (July 1991, 4 samples)(1). Decaldehyde was detected in 3 of 10 air samples collected from the Kanawha Valley, WV in 1977 and 5 of 9 air samples collected from the Shenandoah Valley, VA in 1977(2). Decaldehyde was measured in air samples collected from January to October 1988 in the Eggegebirge (a forest site) in North Rhine-Westfalia, West Germany(3). Air samples from a rural forested site in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, contained decaldehyde at unreported concentrations(4). Samples collected during 1984 or 1985 of forest air from Kalbelescheuer, Southern Black Forest, contained decaldehyde(5).

Decaldehyde was detected in tobacco smoke at an initial concentration of 2.5 ug/cu m(1). Decaldehyde was identified but not quantified in garden waste(2). Decaldehyde was detected as a disinfectant byproduct resulting from chlorination, chloroamination, ozonation, and chlorine dioxide treatments examined in samples with and without bromine added. Decaldehyde was not detected in chloroamination without Br, chlorination without Br, or chlorine dioxide without Br, but was detected in chloroamination with Br (1.57 ug/L), chlorination wit Br (0.15 ug/L), chlorine dioxide with Br (3.258 ug/L), ozonation with and without Br (0.91 and 1.07 ug/L)(3).|Average concentrations for decaldehyde from Chinese cooking have been reported as 49, 272, 405, and 174 ng/mg in Cantonese, Sichuan, Dongbei, and Hunan style cooking, respectively(1). Total emission rates for gas phase and fine particles from hamburger meat charbroiling over a natural gas fired grill for decaldehyde were 33,000 ug/kg of cooked meat(2).|Decaldehyde was detected in the emissions of 3 and 28 day old varnish parquet flooring materials at average concentrations of 8 and 5 ug/sq m, respectively(1). Decaldehyde was detected in the emissions of used linoleum flooring material at 6 ug/sq m(1). Decaldehyde was detected in the emissions of 3 and 28 day old PVC cushion vinyl at average concentrations of 7 and 7 ug/sq m(1). Decaldehyde was measured in the emissions of medium duty diesel trucks at a rate of 2800 ug/km in the gas phase(2).|Decaldehyde is a component of tobacco(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Decaldehyde (Decanal) is a colorless to light-yellow liquid. The main use of decanal is for citrus tones and for the manufacture of synthetic citrus oils. In addition, the C10 aldehydes have value as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and in the polymer and pesticide fields. In the aircraft cabin, decanal was produced in the presence of ozone from surface reactions with occupants and their clothing, consistent with the inference that occupants were responsible for the removal of >55% of the ozone in the aircraft cabin. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Decanal was cytotoxic to Hela cells with IC50 less than 20 ug/mL. ANIMAL STUDIES: Decanal demonstrated antifungal and bactericidal properties. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Decanal did not significantly affect survival or hatching success of the brine shrimp Artemia salina.

Environment-selective synergistic toxicity using combinations of aldehydes and hydrazine derivatives was demonstrated in two different model systems in vitro. Combinations of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with semi-carbazide and of 2-hydrazinopyridine with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, which can react in situ to form antimicrobial hydrazones, demonstrated greater degrees of synergism against the intracellular pathogen, Salmonella typhimurium, at pH 5 relative to pH 7.4. Combinations are more selectively toxic at pH 5 (vs pH 7.4) than individual precursors and preformed hydrazone products because acid catalysis of hydrazone formation plays a role only for the combinations. A combination of decanal and N-amino, N'-octylguanidine (AOG) exhibited more pronounced synergistic cytolytic activity against erythrocytes in 0% serum than in 1% serum. Serum protein binding of decanal inhibited the formation of the more cytotoxic hydrazone, N-decylidenimino,N'-1-octylguanidine (DIOG), from the less cytotoxic AOG and decanal, and serum protein binding of DIOG prevented this cytotoxin from reaching the cell membrane. Because decanal binding cannot play a role in the cytotoxicity of preformed DIOG, it was less selective for cells in 0% serum than the combination of AOG and decanal. The pH 5 and 0% serum environments represent very simple models for macrophage phagolysosomal compartments and poorly vascularized solid tumor interiors respectively. If environment-selective synergism can be used as a basis for target-selective synergism in other in vitro model systems and in vivo, self-assembling combinations could provide a basis for rational introduction of target-selective synergism into chemotherapeutic drug design.|Decanal and N-amino-N'-1-octylguanidine (AOG), combined at 28 microM each, mediated erythrocyte lysis within 80 minutes under physiological conditions. By contrast, no lysis was observed after 20 hours with either decanal (56 microM) or AOG (100 microM) alone. The pronounced synergism observed for these chemicals and similar reactive pairs of chemicals is due to the self-assembly of more cytotoxic hydrazones in situ. Decanal and AOG also exhibit synergistic activity against cultured human cells (HeLa) and bacteria (Escherichia coli J96). This synergism may be useful in the design of cytotoxins that would self-assemble selectively from nontoxic precursors within tumors, while sparing normal tissue.

LD50 Rat oral 3730 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit skin 5040 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Water soluble algal extracts, the aldehydes 2E,4E-decadienal, decanal, undecanal and the fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were assayed for toxicity to hatching success and larval mortality of the brine shrimp Artemia salina. ... Decanal did not significantly affect survival or hatching success at the concentrations tested. Undecanal and EPA showed a limited toxic effect in naupliar mortality trials. We suggest that 72 hr Artemia exposure trials represent an acceptable bioassay for diatom toxicity where alternative bioassays are unavailable.

Decaldehyde is a constituent of several plants, in tissues such as the leaves, fruit, flowers, and stems of parsley, dill, ginger, orange, lime, safflower, catmint, and fruit juice, as well as the essential oil of lemon(1).|Decaldehyde is derived from lemon grass, citronella, orange, and many other oils(1). Oils from navel oranges, Valencia oranges, mid-season oranges, tangerines and white grapefruits(2) contain decaldehyde, as do kiwi fruit flowers(3) and oil from the herb Ducrosia anethifolia(4). Decaldehyde is emitted from the various Mediterranean woody species including the oak species Quercus ilex(5,6).|Among aliphatic aldehydes, decaldehyde has the largest natural occurrence in a variety of essential oils and extraction products: lemongrass, lavender, Taiwan citronella, sweet orange, mandarin, grapefruit, orris, coriander, sweet acacia (Acacia farensiana Willd), lemon (from different sources), bitter orange, petitgrain bergamot, petitgrain lime, lime and bulgarian clary sage. Also reported found in citrus peel oils and juices, apple, apricots, avocado, guava, strawberry, baked potato, tomato, rice, ginger, mozarella cheese, other cheeses, butter, milk, lean fish, cooked chicken, beef, pork, beer, tea, cocoa, roasted peanuts, pecans, soybeans, coconut oil, coriander seed and leaf and corn oil(1).|Beeswax synthesized by non-foraging honeybee workers contains six oxygenated volatiles in addition to a series of normal alkanes. Decanal constitutes nearly 50% of the oxygenated volatiles and is accompanied by octanal, nonanal, furfural, benzaldehyde and 1-decanol.

Decaldehyde's production and use as a fragrance ingredient(1) and as a synthetic flavoring(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Decaldehyde has been shown to be a byproduct of ozonation; ozonated surface water collected from the moderately eutrophic and humic Svarta River in Sweden contained increased concentrations of decaldehyde(3). New carpeting contained increased concentrations of decaldehyde after reaction with ozone in air(4). It is used in tobacco flavor formulations(5).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 70(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that decaldehyde is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of decaldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3). Decaldehyde is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.103 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Utilizing the BOD5 screening test, decaldehyde reached 22% theoretical BOD in 5 days using a sewage inoculum(5), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 70(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that decaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 140(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.76(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Utilizing the BOD5 screening test, decaldehyde reached 22% theoretical BOD in 5 days using a sewage inoculum(6), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), decaldehyde, which has a vapor pressure of 0.103 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase decaldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1 day(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Decaldehyde does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of decaldehyde with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1 day at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Decaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Decaldehyde does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 140 was calculated in fish for decaldehyde(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.76(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of decaldehyde can be estimated to be 70(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that decaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for decaldehyde is 1.8x10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that decaldehyde is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Decaldehyde's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Decaldehyde is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.103 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: Decaldehyde was detected in groundwater collected from beneath a landfill in Germany, concentrations were not reported(1). A plume of contaminated groundwater, originating from the disposal of secondary sewage effluent by rapid infiltration contained decaldehyde at a maximum concentration of 20 ng/L(2). Under the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, decaldehyde is considered low or no priority (Tier 3) for national- or regional-scale ambient monitoring of water or sediment in the United States(3).|DRINKING WATER: Water taken from the Los Angeles Aqueduct Water supply contained 150-615 ng/L decaldehyde; following ozonation (ozone at 1-4 mg/L) this water contained 130-1,130 ng/L decaldehyde and finished water contained from 184-1080 ng/L decaldehyde(1). Finished drinking water sampled from a plant in Philadelphia, PA in 1976 contained decaldehyde, concentrations were not reported(2). Decaldehyde was identified but not quantified in drinking water that had been soaked in a polyethylene pipe(3).|SURFACE WATER: An ozonated surface water sample, from the moderately eutrophic and humic Svarta River in Sweden, contained decaldehyde at unreported concentrations(1). Decaldehyde was identified in water samples from the River Glatt, Switzerland(2).|SEAWATER: Decaldehyde was identified in seawater collected in an upwelling region off the coast of Peru at 3 depths in March 1978 (1). Seawater samples collected from near shore Vineyard Sound, MA over a 15 month period contained decaldehyde at concentrations from 6.5-44 ng/L(2). Seawater sampled at a coastal site in Vineyard Sound, MA from December 1978 through March 1979 contained decaldehyde at 10-45 ng/kg(3). Surface seawater samples, taken at coastal locations near the mouth of the Mississippi River, and on the Louisiana shelf in 1977 contained decaldehyde at concentrations from a trace to 2 ng/kg(4).|RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Decaldehyde was detected in three out of ten snow samples collected from sites in Finland and Moscow early March 1999 at concentrations of 0.01, 0.16 and 0.39 ug/kg(1).

Hamburger (15.5% fat), which had been fried, had a fine aerosol emission rate of 1.9 mg decaldehyde/kg meat(1). Extra lean and regular hamburger, which had been char broiled, had a fine aerosol emission rate of 8.9 and 12.4 mg decaldehyde/kg meat, respectively(1). Decaldehyde was identified as a volatile component of raw beef(2) and roasted filberts(3). Decaldehyde was identified in concentrated aqueous orange essences(5), in fresh-squeezed orange and pineapple juice at concentrations from 0.016-0.50 ppm(6), in kiwi fruit flowers(8), and in a steam distillate of Kogyoku apple juice(10). Bisbee Delicious apples from Washington State emitted increasing concentrations of decaldehyde through the end of August (to 992.7 pL/kg-hr); concentrations decreased in apples harvested after this point (to 77.9-208.3 pL/kg-hr) but increased in apples harvested in early October (to 910.3 pL/kg-hr)(4). Decaldehyde is present, at unreported concentrations, as a volatile component of aroma of cooked beef, mutton, chicken, and pork(7). Cold-pressed oils from Florida and California citrus (oranges, tangerines, grapefruits) contained decaldehyde from 0.131-0.415 wt%(9). Decaldehyde was found in popcorn using dry extraction method at 29 ug/kg(11). Decaldehyde was identified as a volatile component in unpasteurized, fresh orange juice samples at concentrations of 0.16-0.45, 0.50, and 0.18 ppm in mechanically pressed valencia, pineapple, and ambersweet oranges, respectively(10); concentrations of 0.016, 0.022, 0.019-0.021, 0.057-0.29, 0.057, and 0.043 ppm were measured in hand pressed valencia, pineapple, hamlin, navel, pera, and ambersweet oranges, respectively(12).

ENVIRONMENTAL: Decaldehyde was detected in 2 of 8 human mother's milk samples (unreported concentrations) collected in Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Pittsburgh, PA, Baton Rouge, LA, and Charleston, WV(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of decaldehyde in the United States may be as low as 0 workers and as high as >10 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 35,717 workers (16,153 of these are female) were potentially exposed to decaldehyde in the US(1). Occupational exposure to decaldehyde may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where decaldehyde is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to decaldehyde via the ingestion of foods or drinking water, application of fragrances, and via inhalation and dermal contact with consumer products containing decaldehyde. Decaldehyde is a volatile component of new carpeting and flooring materials(SRC).

Expired air samples, obtained from an urban population of 28 normal healthy humans, contained decaldehyde at 0.4 ng/L in approximately 63% of the samples(1). Expired air samples were collected from 62 human subjects (20 controls, 14 prediabetics, and 28 diabetics); decaldehyde was identified only in the samples from prediabetic sources(2). 43 of 46 human adipose tissue samples contained decaldehyde at unreported concentrations(3). Decaldehyde was found in 15 of 15 personal air samples at a mean concentration of 1.2 ppb from samples taken in Helsinki, Finland, tested May to September 1997(4). Decaldehyde was detected in 2 of 8 human mother's milk samples (unreported concentrations) collected in Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Pittsburgh, PA, Baton Rouge, LA, and Charleston, WV(5).

Mycobacterium rhodochrous terminally oxidized n-decane to form n-decanal, indicating that initial terminal oxidation was followed by beta-oxidation.

On direct contact can produce eye and skin irritation; low general toxicity. (USCG, 1999)

CONTACT WITH EYES AND SKIN: wash with water for 15 min. (USCG, 1999)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ We have used multiple analytical methods to characterize the gas-phase products formed when ozone was added to cabin air during simulated 4-hour flights that were conducted in a reconstructed section of a B-767 aircraft containing human occupants. Two separate groups of 16 females were each exposed to four conditions: low air exchange (4.4 (hr-1)), <2 ppb ozone; low air exchange, 61-64 ppb ozone; high air exchange (8.8 hr(-1)), <2 ppb ozone; and high air exchange, 73-77 ppb ozone. The addition of ozone to the cabin air increased the levels of identified byproducts from approximately 70 to 130 ppb at the lower air exchange rate and from approximately 30 to 70 ppb at the higher air exchange rate. Most of the increase was attributable to acetone, nonanal, decanal, 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO), formic acid, and acetic acid, with 0.25-0.30 mol of quantified product volatilized per mol of ozone consumed. Several of these compounds reached levels above their reported odor thresholds. Most byproducts were derived from surface reactions with occupants and their clothing, consistent with the inference that occupants were responsible for the removal of >55% of the ozone in the cabin. The observations made in this study have implications for other indoor settings. Whenever human beings and ozone are simultaneously present, one anticipates production of acetone, nonanal, decanal, 6-MHO, geranyl acetone, and 4-OPA.|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Product 1 (82.25% valencene), product 2 (73.36% decanal), product 3 (78.12% octanal), and product 4 (90.61% linalool) were isolated from sweet orange oil by combined usage of molecular distillation and column chromatography. ... The cytotoxicity was evaluated on Hela cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. All test samples showed significant cytotoxicity on the cell lines with IC(50) values much less than 20 ug/mL.

decanal

Grades: Technical; Food Chemical Codex

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Decanal: ACTIVE|/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Beeswax synthesized by non-foraging honeybee workers contains six oxygenated volatiles in addition to a series of normal alkanes. Decanal constitutes nearly 50% of the oxygenated volatiles and is accompanied by octanal, nonanal, furfural, benzaldehyde and 1-decanol. The possible significance of the aldehydes as stimulators of hoarding behavior and attractants for wax moths is discussed.

Recently developed analytical techniques allow for the quantification of C1-C10 straight-chain aliphatic aldehydes, benzaldehyde, and the dialdehydes glyoxal and methylglyoxal down to 1 mug. These compound are formed as the partial oxidation products of the reaction between disinfectants (particularly ozone) and naturally occurring organic matter. Various full-scale and pilot treatment plants in North America that employ ozonation were surveyed using these techniques, which showed a trend toward both malonaldehyde and dialdehyde formation. Once formed, aldehydes can persist in the water and their concentrations may even increase following postdisinfection. An effective means of aldehyde removal appears to be the use of biologically active granular activated carbon filters, whose filtration mode determines the actual degree of removal. Dialdehydes require a slower filtration rate for their removal than formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. /C1-C10 Aldehydes/|Method: EPA-OGWDW/TSC 556.1; Procedure: fast gas chromatography system equipped with an electron capture detector; Analyte: decaldehyde; Matrix: finished drinking water and raw source water; Detection Limit: 0.46 ug/L.|Method: EPA-TSC/NERL 556; Procedure: gas chromatography with electron capture detector; Analyte: decaldehyde; Matrix: finished drinking water and raw source water; Detection Limit: 1 ug/L.|Decaldehyde was measured in indoor air following collection using Tenax-TA, Carboxen carbon molecular sieve and activated charcoal in series. Samples were analyzed using GC using MS or FID detection.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for DECALDEHYDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Fragrances|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty aldehydes [FA06]|Cosmetics -> Masking

Flavoring Agents|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT;