4-Nonylphenol monoethoxylate

264.40302

264.40

500-315-8

DTXSID4058601

Lower adducts (n<15) yellow to almost colorless liquid; higher adducts (n>20) pale yellow to off-white pastes or waxes

2909499000

29.46000

5.87

0.9617 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

168-173 °C @ Press: 1.800 Torr

155.6±15.2 °C

1.5000 (estimate)

Solubility in water: >1,000 mg/L /Poly (degree of polymerization=10) oxyethylene para-nonylphenyl/

6.69X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C (estimated physical properties based upon 5 ethoxylates)

Henry's Law constant = 2.62X10-17 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (estimated physical properties based upon 5 ethoxylates)

The commercial product has a variety of ethoxylate functional groups (SRC)

Highly stable compounds.

P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

|Danger|H302 (40.17%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2216 companies from 39 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302 (23.08%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 13 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, and P501

Nonoxynol-6 induced severe ocular irritation reactions in rabbits. Severe ocular irritation was also observed in animals (species not stated) tested with Nonoxynol-5. Skin irritation reactions were observed in rabbits patch-tested with concentrations of 25 to 100% Nonoxynol-6 in petrolatum. In another study, Nonoxynol-6 was severely irritating to both abraded and intact skin of rabbits. Nonoxynol-5 was also classified as a severe skin irritant in animals (species not stated).

Concentrations of alkylphenol polyethoxylates in raw and mechanically treated municipal waste waters in Switzerland ranged from 400 to 2,200 mg/cu m; the bulk of these compounds were 4-nonylphenol polyethoxylates (nonoxynol)(1). The compound was not detected in 24 stream and raw-water samples associated with a drinking water treatment plant during a survey conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Reporting level 1 ug/L(2). Nonoxynol was tested for but not detected in leachate samples from the Norman Landfill, central Oklahoma, collected on September 6, 2000; reporting level = 0.1 ug/L(3).

LD50 Mouse Intraperitoneal 150 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Increased concern has centered around environmental contaminants that exert estrogenic effects. A class of nonionic surfactants, the nonylphenol ethoxylates (such as the compound nonoxynol), are an example of one such group of contaminants. ...The effects of nonoxynol (alpha-(4-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxypoly-(oxy-1-ethanediyl)) on an epithelial primary culture /were studied/. The culture system that was employed is a development of an in vitro technique for the culture of rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) epithelium, one that allows for the culture of both epithelial cells and goblet cells. The LC50 after 24 hr was found to be 16.6 mumol. The LC50 after 48 hr was 12.9 mumol/L. Nonoxynol was found to exhibit an acute lethal dose of 75 mumol/L. A decrease in the number of goblet cells present in the system was observed as exposure to nonoxynol increased. Nonoxynol was found to kill epithelial cells mainly by necrosis. A comparative study of the effects of nonoxynol on the epithelium papulosum cyprini cell line was also carried out. The LC50 of nonoxynol on this cell type was 4.1 mumol/L, with an acute lethal dose of 10 mumol/L.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ...This study compares the in vitro effects of Nonoxynol (a common detergent), Prochloraz (a fungicide) and 2,4-dichloroaniline (a chemical intermediate in synthesis of pharmaceuticals) on the clonogenic survival of the EPC cell line. ...The in vitro effects of the chemicals were also studied on the growth reduction of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) primary epithelial cultures over 24 hr and 48 hr. ...Dose response curves were determined for each compound for both cell types. These showed that both cell types differed slightly in their response. The EPC cell line response was slightly more toxic giving a threshold type of response with a threshold dose of 7 uM, 9 uM and uM for nonoxynol, prochloraz and 2,4-dichloroaniline respectively; The D50 data was concentration 6.75 uM, 4.3 uM and 4.0 uM. Primary cultures also produced a threshold type response. The threshold dose for the three chemicals were 12.5 uM, 15 uM and 10 uM respectively; The D50 was 22 uM, 20 uM and 19 uM.

Nonoxynols' production and use as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, dispersants, stabilizers, intermediates in synthesis of anionic surfactants, defoaming agents(1) may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1300(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nonoxynol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of nonoxynol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Nonoxynol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.7X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1300(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nonoxynol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF range of 7.6-16(6) suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), nonoxynol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 9.7X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase nonoxynol may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Nonoxynol absorbs light at wavelengths of 275 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Nonoxynol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Nonoxynol absorbs light at wavelengths of 275 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

A BCF range of 7.6-12.4 and 9.09-16 was calculated in fish for nonoxynol using orange-red killifish (Oryzias latipes) which were exposed over to 0.1 and 1 mg/L over a 6-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF range suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of nonoxynol can be estimated to be 1300 (based upon 5 ethoxylates)(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that nonoxynol is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for nonoxynol is estimated (based upon 5 ethoxylates) as 2.6X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that nonoxynol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Nonoxynol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC). Nonoxynol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.7X10-13 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

SURFACE WATER: Throughout 2001, a total of 76 water samples from 23 stream locations upstream and downstream of 10 cities and towns in Iowa during differing flow conditions. Total nonoxynol concentrations ranged from not detected (detection limit = 1 ug/L) to in high flow conditions, 1.1 ug/L with a 17.4% frequency in normal-flow samples, to 2.5 ug/L with a 10.0% frequency during low flow smpling(1). Total nonoxynols concentrations of 0.01 to 98.6 ug/L were reported in the Texcoco River in central Mexico which is polluted with domestic wastewater from untreated or inadequately treated discharges; sampling was conducted on September 15, 2001(2). Nonoxylol was found in 3 rivers (Ara River, Sumida River, and Tama River) in Tokyo, Japan. Total nonoxylol concentrations containing varying ethylene oxide chain lengths were 2-6 and 10-35 nanomolar in summer and winter, respectively. In the winter, ethylene oxide chain lengths of 5-8 units were predominant, and in the summer chain lengths of 2-5 units were predominant(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,297,228 workers (863,213 of these were female) were potentially exposed to nonoxynol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to nonoxynol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where nonoxynol is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to nonoxynol via dermal contact with contaminated water and consumer products containing nonoxynol(SRC).

Chemical substances that are destructive to spermatozoa used as topically administered vaginal contraceptives. (See all compounds classified as Spermatocidal Agents.)|Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics. (See all compounds classified as Surface-Active Agents.)

In in vitro skin penetration studies using cadaver skin (rinse off and leave-on protocols), the total skin penetration of Nonoxynol-2, -4, and -9 was less than 1 % over a period of 48 hours.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Strong sensitization reactions were observed in each of the 12 contact dermatitis patients patch tested with a 2.0% aqueous solutions of Nonoxynol-8.3, -9, or -10. Ten of the patients had used antiseptic preparations containing Nonoxynol-9, and the remaining two, antiseptic preparations containing Nonoxynol-8.3 and - 10, respectively. Six of the 12 patients were retested several months later, and each of the six had a sensitization reaction to 2% aqueous Nonoxynol-6, -83, -9, -10, -14, and - 18. Photosensitization reactions to diluted Nonoxynol-10 (concentrations up to 2% aqueous), but not to undiluted Nonoxynol-10, were reported in two patients who had been treated with an antiseptic preparation that contained Nonoxynol-10. Follow-up studies on 32 control subjects who had never used this antiseptic preparation showed an inconsistent pattern of reactions. Allergic reactions to Nonoxynol-6 were noted in two case reports. However, no reactions were observed when 8 and 165 control subjects were patch tested with 0.5% and 1.0% Nonoxynol-6, respectively.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Nonoxynol-2 (5% in mineral oil), Nonoxynol-2 (10% in mineral oil), and Nonoxynol-4 (10% in mineral oil) were tested in three separate human repeated insult patch tests (predictive), respectively, according to the same procedure. There was no evidence of allergic contact dermatitis in any of the 102 subjects patch tested with 5% Nonoxynol-2 in mineral oil. Allergic contact dermatitis was observed in 9 of 103 subjects patch tested with 10% Nonoxynol-2 in mineral oil and in 3 of 107 subjects patch tested with 10% Nonoxynol-4 in mineral oil.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The non-ionic emulsifier "nonoxynol-6" found in an industrial waterless hand cleanser induced allergic contact dermatitis on the upper extremities of a uranium mill maintenance worker. /Nonoxynol-6/|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...Undiluted nonoxynol-4 ... was nonirritating and nonsensitizing in clinical studies. A 50% solution of nonoxynol-15 and/or nonoxynol-50 produced no irritation or sensitization when tested on 168 subjects, nor was there evidence of phototoxicity when tested on a subset of this population. It is concluded that nonoxynols-2,- 4,-8,-9,-10,-12,-14,-15,-30,-40, and -50 are safe as cosmetic ingredients.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for NONOXYNOLS (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Advantage S

Average number of ethylene oxide units (n) per molecule is indicated by number following nonoxynol (e.g. nonoxynol-15 for n=15). Trademarks for nonoxynol series include: Conco NI, Dowfax 9N, Igepal CO, Makon, Neutronyx 600's, Nonipol NO, Plytergent B, Renex 600's, Solar NO, Sterox, Serfonic N, T-DET-N, Tergitol NP, Triton N.

Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(4-nonylphenyl)-.omega.-hydroxy-, branched: ACTIVE|XU - indicates a substance exempt from reporting under the Chemical Data Reporting Rule, (40 CFR 711).