Toluidine red

307.30300

307.30

219-372-2

7K26S08256

45193

DTXSID8021226

Yellowish red solid|Hue varies considerably with particle size and therefore several shades are commercially available.

2927000090

90.77000

5.70060

Yellowish-red to red powder or solid. (NTP, 1992)

1.32 g/cm3

270-272ºC

543.5ºC at 760 mmHg

1.66

In water, 4.85X10-2 mg/L at 25 deg C (est)

Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

8.02E-10mmHg at 25°C

Henry's Law constant = 1.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

Sensitive to moisture Dust suspensions in air can be explosive at certain concentrations. Insoluble in water.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Explosive

C.I. PIGMENT RED 3 may form toxic gases with acids, aldehydes, amides, carbamates, cyanides, inorganic fluorides, halogenated organics, isocyanates, ketones, metals, nitrides, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, acyl halides, and strong oxidizing or reducing agents. May form flammable gases with alkali metals. Explosive combination can occur with strong oxidizing agents, metal salts, peroxides, and sulfides.

UN 3077 9/PG 3

3

R40

S36/37-S45

QK4247000

Xn

Stable. May be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

H318-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

DHHS/NTP; Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of C.I. Pigment Red 3 in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice(Feed Studies) Technical Report Series No. 407 (1992) NIH Publication No. 92-3138

Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H318 (47.62%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 571 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and protect it from moisture. If possible, it would be prudent to store this compound under inert atmosphere. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

13-Week Studies: Groups of ten rats and ten mice of each sex were given feed containing 0, 3,000, 6,000, 12,500, 25,000, or 50,000 ppm C.I. Pigment Red 3 for 13 weeks. No chemical-related deaths were observed in rats or mice. The final mean body weights of exposed female rats were significantly lower than that of the controls; the final mean body weights of exposed male rats and exposed mice were similar to controls. There were significant increases in relative liver and kidney weights of exposed male rats. Increases in the relative liver weights in mice did not occur with a dose-related trend and thus they were not considered related to chemical administration. Sites for the toxicity of C.I. Pigment Red 3 were the bone marrow, kidney, liver, and spleen in rats. Lesions observed in rats included bone marrow hyperplasia, congestion and hematopoietic cell proliferation of the spleen, and iron-positive pigmentation of the spleen, kidney, and liver. Sites for the toxicity of C.I. Pigment Red 3 in mice were the liver, kidney, and spleen in males and the liver and spleen in females. Lesions noted among mice in the spleen were hematopoietic cell proliferation and iron-positive pigmentation. In the liver, there was hematopoietic cell proliferation in male and female mice. Cytomegaly occurred in the renal tubule epithelium of the male mouse kidney.|2-Year Studies: Doses selected for the 2-year feed studies were 0, 6,000, 12,500, and 25,000 ppm for rats and 0, 12,500, 25,000, and 50,000 ppm for mice. The dose selection for rats was based on body weight changes observed for females that received 50,000 ppm; the dose selection for mice was based on the lack of body weight depression or death at the doses tested during the 13-week studies. Concentrations higher than 50,000 ppm in the feed were not used because higher levels might have adversely affected the nutritional value of the diet during the 2-year studies. Body Weight, Feed Consumption, Clinical Findings, and Survival in the 2-Year Studies: Final mean body weights for male rats that received 25,000 ppm, female rats that received 12,500 and 25,000 ppm, and male and female mice that received 50,000 ppm were more than 10% lower than those of the controls. Feed consumption of exposed rats and mice was similar to that of the controls. No clinical findings indicative of toxicity were observed in rats or mice. The survival of low-dose male rats was greater than that of the controls (0 ppm, 28/50; 6,000 ppm, 40/50; 12,500 ppm, 28/50; 25,000 ppm, 20/50). Survival of exposed female rats and exposed male mice was similar to the controls; the survival of high-dose female mice was significantly decreased compared to that of the controls (39/50, 37/50, 31/50, 25/50). The reduced survival in this dose group may have been due to the increased incidence of ovarian abscesses. Neoplasms and Nonneoplastic Lesions in the 2-Year Studies: Benign adrenal pheochromocytomas were significantly increased in the 12,500 and 25,000 ppm groups of male rats compared to the controls (22/50, 29/50, 35/50, 34/50). However, malignant neoplasms were not increased in incidence (6/50, 7/50, 10/50, 4/50). The incidence of adrenal pheochromocytomas in dosed groups exceeded the range for NTP historical controls for feed studies (22%-48%), and the increased incidence of this neoplasm was attributed to C.I. Pigment Red 3 administration. Squamous cell papillomas of the skin occurred with a positive trend in male rats (0/50, 4/50, 2/50, 6/50), and the incidence in the high-dose group was significantly greater than that of the controls. A poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (diagnosed as carcinoma) was observed in a control male. The historical control rate for squamous cell papillomas in NTP feed studies is low (16/800 or 2%, range 0%-4%), and the higher incidence of this tumor in male rats may have been caused by the administration of C.I. Pigment Red 3. Hepatocellular adenomas occurred with a positive trend in female rats, with a significantly greater incidence in the high-dose group than in the control group (0/50, 0/50, 1/50, 10/50). This neoplasm has occurred in only one historical control group in NTP feed studies (3/800, range 0%-6%), and the increase in hepatocellular adenomas in female rats was attributed to chemical administration.Chemical-related nonneoplastic lesions observed in the livers of male and female rats included eosinophilic or mixed type foci of cellular alteration. Foci were often accompanied by angiectasis and cystic degeneration in males and by granulomas and cholesterol pigmentation in females. Chronic nephropathy occurred with increased severity in exposed male and female rats. The lesions were more severe in males than in females. Other lesions considered secondary to renal disease included parathyroid gland hyperplasia, fibrous osteodystrophy of the bone, and mineralization of various organs (stomach, intestine, heart, and blood vessels). The increased incidence of hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium of the renal papilla observed in treated rats was considered to be part of the chronic nephropathy. Zymbal's gland carcinoma incidences were marginally increased in the mid- and high-dose male rats (0/50, 0/50, 2/50, 3/50). The incidence in the high-dose group was outside the NTP historical control range (0%-4%), and the Zymbal's gland carcinomas may have been related to C.I. Pigment Red 3 administration. Mononuclear cell leukemias, mammary gland fibroadenomas, and preputial gland/clitoral gland adenomas occurred at lower incidences in exposed male and female rats. The decrease in mononuclear cell leukemia was attributed to the direct effect of C.I. Pigment Red 3 or its metabolites on the mechanism responsible for inducing leukemias in aging rats, while the decreased incidence of mammary gland fibroadenomas might be attributed to decreased body weights in female rats. The cause of the decreased incidences of preputial and clitoral gland tumors is unknown. Tubule adenomas of the renal cortex occurred at a significantly higher incidence in high-dose male mice than in controls (0 ppm, 0/50; 12,500 ppm, 0/50; 25,000 ppm, 0/50; 50,000 ppm, 6/50). Because this tumor occurred only in exposed males and was outside the range for NTP historical controls in feed studies (0%-2%), renal cortical tubule adenomas in male mice were considered to be related to the administration of C.I. Pigment Red 3. Follicular cell adenoma of the thyroid gland occurred with a positive trend in male mice (0/50, 0/49, 1/50, 5/50). Theincidence in the high-dose group was significantly greater than that in the controls. This chemical-related effect is supported by the increased incidence of follicular cell hyperplasia. Because the incidence of this tumor exceeded the range of the historical controls from NTP feed studies (0%-4%), the increase of follicular cell adenoma was attributed to chemical administration. Female mice receiving C.I. Pigment Red 3 had a significant increase in follicular cell hyperplasia but showed no increase in tumor incidence at this site. Focal renal tubule hyperplasia and cystic hyperplasia occurred in exposed male mice but not in the controls. Cytomegaly (karyomegaly) of the renal tubule epithelium was seen in all treated male mice. The severity of the accompanying chronic nephropathy was increased in both male and female mice.|Genetic Toxicology: C.I. Pigment Red 3 was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98 in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation (S9); no increases in gene mutation were observed in strains TA1535 and TA1537, with or without S9. C.I. Pigment Red 3 did not induce sister chromatid exchanges or chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells in either the presence or the absence of S9.|2-Week Studies: Groups of five rats and five mice of each sex were given feed containing 0, 6,000, 12,500, 25,000, 50,000, or 100,000 ppm C.I. Pigment Red 3 for 2 weeks. No chemical-related deaths occurred in rats or mice. Final mean body weights of exposed rats and male mice were lower than controls; female mice that received 6,000 and 50,000 ppm had significantly increased final mean body weights compared to that of the controls. The feed consumption of treated rats and mice was slightly greater than that of the controls, suggesting that C.I. Pigment Red 3 had no adverse effects on the feed palatability. Dose-related decreases in erythrocyte counts and hematocrit values and an increase in reticulocyte counts were observed in rats. Changes in these parameters were observed in mice, but there were no clear, dose-related trends.

C.I. Pigment Red 3's production and use as a red pigment for paints, inks, plastics, rubber, textiles, wallpaper, linoleum, carbon papers, typewriter ribbons, and student-grade artist materials(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc of 2.0X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that C.I. Pigment Red 3 is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of C.I. Pigment Red 3 from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). C.I. Pigment Red 3 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.7X10-11 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2009).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.0X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that C.I. Pigment Red 3 is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 10(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 6.5(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2009).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), C.I. Pigment Red 3 , which has an estimated vapor pressure of 3.7X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase C.I. Pigment Red 3 may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). C.I. Pigment Red 3 contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

C.I. Pigment Red 3 is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). C.I. Pigment Red 3 does contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 10 was calculated for C.I. Pigment Red 3(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 6.5(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of C.I. Pigment Red 3 can be estimated to be 1.3X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that C.I. Pigment Red 3 is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for C.I. Pigment Red 3 is estimated as 1.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that C.I. Pigment Red 3 is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). The Henry's Law constant of C.I. Pigment Red 3 indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC). C.I. Pigment Red 3 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.67X10-11 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 51,931 workers (11,615 of these were female) were potentially exposed to C.I. Pigment Red 3 in the US(1). Occupational exposure to C.I. Pigment Red 3 may occur through inhalation of dust of the raw material in workplaces where C.I. Pigment Red 3 is produced or used(SRC). Use data indicate that the general population may have limited exposure of C.I. Pigment Red 3 from dermal contact with consumer products containing C.I. Pigment Red 3(SRC).

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include pronounced coloring of the skin and blockage of the upper respiratory tract. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may be absorbed through the skin. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Eight patients suffering from pigmented contact dermatitis caused by the commerical Brilliant Lake Red R were patch tested with purified Sudan I and its several chemical analogues. Positive reactions were observed to Sudan I, Orange SS, Brilliant Lake Red R, Vacanceine Red, Yellow OB and Sudan II. Negative tests were obtained with Toluidine Red /Pigment Red 3/, Permanent Orange, Lithol Red and Sudan III. ... The commerical Brilliant Lake Red R which has been said to be most important causative agent of pigmented contact dermatitis, contained Sudan I as a major impurity. The patients reacting to Brilliant Lake Red R always gave a positive reaction to Sudan I, but those reacting to Sudan I did not always give a positive reaction to Brilliant Lake Red R. This suggests that Sudan I is a potent sensitizer and may induce contact sensitivity and Brilliant Lake Red R itself is a weak sensitizer or a cross-reacting substance.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Toluidine Red may produce skin sensitization reactions in /humans/ and can be irritating to the skin.|/CASE REPORTS/ Eight patients suffering from pigmented contact dermatitis caused by the commercial Brilliant Lake Red R were patch tested with purified Sudan I and its several chemical analogs. Negative patch tests were obtained with toluidine red.

C.I. Pigment Red 3

Paint and coating manufacturing|2-Naphthalenol, 1-[2-(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-: ACTIVE|In full shade the pigment is very lightfast and weatherfast but shows poor tint lightfastness. It is characterized by poor fastness toward solvents and is likely to bloom in baking enamels.

EXTRACTION OF COLORED HOUSEHOLD GLOSS PAINT FRAGMENTS WITH DICHLOROMETHANE & CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE EXTRACT ON SILICA GEL PLATES WITH CHLOROBENZENE-TOLUENE-1,2-DICHLOROETHANE (1:1:1), PROVIDES GOOD DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN VISUALLY SIMILAR RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, DARK BLUE, PURPLE, & BROWN PAINTS.|THE FAT-SOL TAR DYE FOR COSMETIC PRODUCTS, CI 12120, WAS SEPARATED ON A LICHROSORB SI 100 COLUMN BY AN ISOCRATIC ELUTION TECHNIQUE. THE ELUENT WAS MONITORED BY A WAVELENGTH TUNABLE DETECTOR, SUITABLE SOLVENT SYSTEM WAS CHLOROFORM-N-HEXANE. THE RECOVERIES FROM WAX BASE OF LIPSTICKS WAS IN THE RANGE OF 91.9-97.0%.

1-(2-NITRO-4-METHYLPHENYLAZO)-2-NAPHTHOL WAS EXTRACTED FROM ORGANS WITH CHLOROFORM, SEPARATED FROM FATS ON ALUMINUM OXIDE COLUMNS, ELUTED WITH CHLOROFORM, EVAPORATED, & CHROMATOGRAPHED ON SILICA GEL KSK. CHLOROFORM WAS THE MOBILE PHASE. EXTRACTION OF PIGMENTS FROM ORGAN WAS 100%.

Cosmetics -> Cosmetic colorant