Disperse Blue 1

268.27

268.27

219-603-7

2429NAZ8WH

39936

DTXSID7020188

C44380

Black powder|Blue-black microcrystalline powder|Red-brown needles

138.22000

3.11560

Chocolate brown Powder

1.595 g/cm3

332 °C

711.9ºC at 760mmHg

384.3ºC

1.857

26.83ug/L(25 ºC)

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should b

1.8X10-8 mm Hg at 25 deg C

Henry's Law constant = 2.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.36X10-10 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 degt C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Ketones

An amine. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

NONH for all modes of transport

3

45-38-41-43

53-45

CB0540000

T

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P201-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313

H315-H317-H318-H350

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DISPERSE BLUE 1 (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

DHHS/NTP; Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of C.I. Disperse Blue 1 in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) Technical Report Series No. 299 (1986) NIH Publication No. 86-2555|National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Disperse Blue 1 (2475-45-8) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s081disp.pdf]

Flash point data for this compound are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P272, P280, P281, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P362, P363, P405, and P501|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 38 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Warning|H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]|P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DISPERSE BLUE 1 (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

The oral LD50 value for various dyes, including Disperse Blue 1, in rats ranged from 1.2 to >6.3 g/kg bw ... .

C.I. Disperse Blue 1 ... was studied as a commercial grade product (minus lingnosulfate dispersants) for toxicity and carcinogenicity in single administration gavage for ... 104 wk ... All studies used F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice ... In the 2 yr studies in rats, groups of 5 animals of each sex were administered the /test cmpd/ at dietary concentrations of 0, 1,250, 2,500, or 5,000 ppm. These dietary concn corresponded to 0, 45, 95, and 217 mg/kg/day for males and 0, 56, 111, and 240 mg/kg/day for females ... In the 2 yr studies in mice, 50 animals of each sex were administered diets containing the /test cmpd/ at 0, 600, 1,200, or 2,500 ppm. The dietary concn corresponded to doses of 0, 112, 239, and 540 mg/kg/day for males and 0, 108, 235, and 520 mg/kg/day for females ... Under the conditions of these feed studies of C.I. Disperse Blue 1, there was clear evidence of carcinogenicity for male and female F344/N rats as shown by increased occurrence of transitional cell papillomas and carcinomas, of leiomyosarcomas, and of squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder calculi were observed in the groups of rats in which urinary bladder neoplasms were increased. Positive associations existed between the presence of calculi and transitional cell neoplasms in male and female rats, leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas (combined) in female rats, and squamous cell neoplasms in male rats. A marginally increased occurrence of pancreatic islet cell adenomas or carcinomas (combined) was observed in male rats exposed to C.I. Disperse Blue 1. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity of C.I. Disperse Blue 1 in male B6C3F1 mice as shown by marginally increased incidences of hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas (combined) in dosed male mice and a marginally increased occurrence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas or carcinomas (combined) in high dose male mice. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity of C.I. Disperse Blue 1 in female B6C3F1 mice.

Disperse Blue 1's former US production and subsequent use in semipermanent hair color formulations, as a fabric dye for nylon, cellulose acetate and triacetate, polyester, and acrylate fibers and for surface dyeing of thermoplastics and as a solvent dye in cellulose acetate plastics(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3200(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that Disperse Blue 1 is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Disperse Blue 1 from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 1.8X10-8 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 0.03 mg/L(4). Disperse Blue 1 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2009).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3200(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that Disperse Blue 1 is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.8X10-8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.03 mg/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 10(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.98(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Disperse Blue 1 is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2009).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Disperse Blue 1, which has a vapor pressure of 1.8X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Disperse Blue 1 is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.4X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase Disperse Blue 1 may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Disperse Blue 1 has a maximum absorbance wavelength of 615 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Disperse Blue 1 with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.4X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Disperse Blue 1 is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Disperse Blue 1 has a maximum absorbance wavelength of 615 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 10 was calculated in fish for Disperse Blue 1(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.98(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of Disperse Blue 1 can be estimated to be 3200(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that Disperse Blue 1 is expected to have slight mobility in soil. Disperse Blue 1 may bind strongly to organic matter in the soil as the aromatic amino group is indicated as a highly reactive group with an affinity for organic matter(3).

The Henry's Law constant for Disperse Blue 1 is estimated as 2.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.8X10-8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.03 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that Disperse Blue 1 is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). Disperse Blue 1 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 43,521 workers (32,059 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Disperse Blue 1 in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Disperse Blue 1 may have occurred through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Disperse Blue 1 was produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may have been exposed to Disperse Blue 1 via dermal contact with consumer products containing Disperse Blue 1(SRC).

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS. (See all compounds classified as Coloring Agents.)

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: When heated to decomposition this compound emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. (NTP, 1992)|Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

1,4,5,8-tetraaminoanthracene-9,10-dione

One US distributor markets Disperse Blue 1 with a dye content of approximately 30% ... /SRP: Former/|Commercial preparations of Disperse Blue 1 (approximately 50% 1,4,5,8-tetraaminoanthraquinone, 30% structurally related compounds and 20% water) contain approximately equal amounts of dyestuff and lignosulfonate dispersants (Burnett & Squire, 1986; National Toxicology Program, 1986).|Acetate blue 6|Acetoquinone blue L|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for DISPERSE BLUE 1 (39 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4,5,8-tetraamino-: ACTIVE|Anthraquinone dye. Dye whose molecular structure is based on anthraquinone (C6H4(CO)2C6H4). ...Benzene ring structure is important in development of color. /Anthraquinone dye/

A method has been described for the spectrophotometric determination of Disperse Blue 1 sorbed on polyethylene terephthalate fibers by dye extraction in mixed solvent systems (Madan & Khan, 1978).|A polarographic method for the determination of aminoanthraquinones, including 1,4,5,8-tetraaminoanthraquinone, in environmental and biological samples can be used to determine concentrations as low as 0.1-0.5 mg/ml (Popescu & Barbacaru, 1985).

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens