Direct Blue 1

992.8

991.972229

220-026-8

8NN34MAQ6H

DTXSID1025190

Blue powder

422.72000

10.18560

Direct blue 1 appears as bright greenish-blue solid or dark blue powder. (NTP, 1992)

soluble in water (1 mg/ml).

Store at RT

Direct Blue 1 is soluble in water with a bright-blue color.

Azo dyes can be explosive when suspended in air at specific concentrations. Slightly soluble in water.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Explosive

DIRECT BLUE 1 is an azo compound. Azo, diazo, azido compounds can detonate. This applies in particular to organic azides that have been sensitized by the addition of metal salts or strong acids. Toxic gases are formed by mixing materials of this class with acids, aldehydes, amides, carbamates, cyanides, inorganic fluorides, halogenated organics, isocyanates, ketones, metals, nitrides, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, acyl halides, and strong oxidizing or reducing agents. Flammable gases are formed by mixing materials in this group with alkali metals. Explosive combination can occur with strong oxidizing agents, metal salts, peroxides, and sulfides. Cleavage of the diazo group by reducing agents may lead to benzidine production. (NTP, 1992)

3143

3

20/21/22-45

22-36-45-53

QJ6430000

Xn,T

Stable. Probably combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P201-P308 + P313

H350

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H319 (12.24%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P201, P202, P264, P280, P281, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P337+P313, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 49 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]|P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, and P501|H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P201, P202, P264, P280, P281, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P332+P313, P337+P313, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled using a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Chicago sky blue, also known as Niagara sky blue, is a vital dye that can successfully be used as an intravascular energy absorbing target for the light from a helium-neon laser. The result of this light/dye interaction is endothelium damage which can be controlled by adjusting the duration of the laser exposure and the amount of dye injected intravenously. The endothelial damage probably is the result of the heat generated by the dyes absorption of energy at the interface between plasma and endothelium. The most minimal damage resulted in selective loss of the dilation normally produced by acetylcholine and bradykinin, two endothelium dependent dilators. The dilation produced by sodium nitroprusside, a dilator acting directly on vascular smooth muscle, was preserved. More severe injury (ie more prolonged exposure to light and/or more dye, resulted in local platelet aggregation at the site of laser impact.

C.I. Direct Blue 1's production and use in the dyeing of cotton and other cellulosic materials, in the production of aqueous inks, the production of lakes for pigments and the dyeing of paper and leather(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: C.I. Direct Blue 1 is soluble in water(1); therefore, the dye may leach through soil. However, due to the ionic nature of the dye, the retention of the dye by ion-exchange processes, particularly on clay surfaces and adsorption at mineral surfaces such as geothite(2), may slow down or prevent leaching(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound may biodegrade under anaerobic conditions; a wide variety of anaerobic bacteria have the ability to cleave the azo linkage to produce aromatic amines(3). A half-life of 16.5 days was measured for C.I. Direct Blue 1 in an anaerobic sediment/water system, although effects from adsorption onto the sediment were not considered(4). Since ionic compounds normally do not evaporate, no loss of the dye from soil surfaces is expected to occur due to evaporation(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Sorption to sediment, shown for a structurally similar compound, Direct Blue 14, was dependent on pH with adsorption increasing with decreasing pH(1). The weakly basic amino groups and strongly acidic sulfonate groups, found in both C.I. Direct Blue 14 and C.I. Direct Blue 1, are responsible for sorption mechanisms(1). This compound may biodegrade anaerobically; a wide variety of anaerobic bacteria have the ability to cleave the azo linkage to produce aromatic amines(2). C.I. Direct Blue 1 at 9.08X10-6 M has a measured half-life of 16.5 days in an anaerobic sediment/water mixture; however, adsorption to sediment was not considered in the determination of this half-life(1). An estimated BCF value of 2(3,SRC), from a measured water solubility(4), suggests that C.I. Direct Blue 1 will not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification scheme(5). Since C.I. Direct Blue 1 is an ionic compound(4), volatilization of the dye from water will not be important(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Because of its high water solubility, 40,000 mg/l(1), suspended particles of the dye present in the atmosphere are likely to be removed by both wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Aqueous solutions above 5X10-3 M were unstable; visible formation of aggregates occurred 24-48 hours after the solutions were prepared in water(1).

An estimated BCF value of 2 was calculated for C.I. Direct Blue 1(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 40,000 mg/l(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration of C.I. Direct Blue 1 in aquatic organisms will not be an important fate process(SRC).

C.I. Direct Blue 1 is soluble in water, 40,000 mg/l(1), therefore, undegraded dye may leach through soil. However, due to the ionic nature of the dye, the retention of the dye by ion-exchange process, particularly on clay surfaces and adsorption at mineral surfaces such as geothite(2), may slow down or prevent leaching(SRC). Sorption to sediment, shown for a structurally similar compound, Direct Blue 14, was dependent on pH with adsorption increasing with decreasing pH(3). The weakly basic amino groups and strongly acidic sulfonate groups, found in both C.I. Direct Blue 14 and C.I. Direct Blue 1, are responsible for sorption mechanisms(3).

Since C.I. Direct Blue is an ionic compound(1), volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces will not be important(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 7,685 workers (5,801 of these are female) are potentially exposed to C.I. Direct Blue 1 in the USA(1).

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS. (See all compounds classified as Coloring Agents.)

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include skin sensitization, headache, dizziness, low blood pressure, lethargy, painful urination, anemia, jaundice, convulsions, coma and possible death. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may be harmful by inhalation, skin contact or ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

2,2'-(4,4'-(3,3'-bis(methoxy)biphenylenebis(azo))bis (8-amino-1-hydroxynaphthalene-5,7-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt)

ESSENTIALLY 100% AS A DYE

1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 6,6'-[(3,3'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(2,1-diazenediyl)]bis[4-amino-5-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:4): ACTIVE|Direct Blue 1 is less attracted to silk and wool (in the cold, the latter two are practically unstained, as are acetates and nylon).