1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane

170.92

170.92

206-774-8

8AWA8IET6R

DTXSID9027150

Colorless

2903772014

0

2.78 (est)

Liquid

1.455 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

-56.6 °C

4 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

1.328

Very soluble in benzene, diethyl ether, ethanol

1640 mm Hg at 25 deg C

Odorless

Henry's Law constant = 1.2 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

Ozone Depletion Potential = 1|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 0.00X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 4.0X10-15 (est); Half-life < 365 days

2.6156X10+7 J/kmol at 216.58 K

Critical temperature: 145.6 °C; critical pressure: 3.29 MPa

2.2

1958

P41, P403

H280

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Dichlorotetrafluoroethane is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Incineration is done, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is amending FDA's regulation on the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in selfpressurized containers to remove the essential-use designations for flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil used in oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The Clean Air Act requires FDA, in consultation with the EPA, to determine whether an FDA-regulated product that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS. FDA has concluded that there are no substantial technical barriers to formulating flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil as products that do not release ODSs, and therefore they will no longer be essential uses of ODSs as of the effective dates of this rule. MDIs for these active moieties containing an ODS may not be marketed after the relevant effective date. DATES: Removal of Part 2.125(e)(2)(iii) and 2.125(e)(4)(vii) is effective June 14, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(v) and 2.125(e)(4)(iv) is effective December 31, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(iii) is effective June 30, 2011. Removal of 2.125(e)(2)(iv) and Part 2.125(e)(4)(viii) is effective December 31, 2013. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/|Use of ozone-depleting substances in foods, drugs, devices, or cosmetics. (a) As used in this section, ozone-depleting substance (ODS) means any class I substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix A to subpart A, or class II substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix B to subpart A. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, any food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is not an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act. (c) A food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act if paragraph (e) of this section specifies the use of that product as essential. For drugs, including biologics and animal drugs, and for devices, an investigational application or an approved marketing application must be in effect, as applicable. ... (e) The use of ODSs in the following products is essential: ... (2) Metered-dose short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator human drugs for oral inhalation. Oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers containing the following active moieties: ... (iv) Pirbuterol. ... (4) Other essential uses. (iii) Anesthetic drugs for topical use on accessible mucous membranes of humans where a cannula is used for application. ... (vi) Metered-dose atropine sulfate aerosol human drugs administered by oral inhalation. ... (viii) Metered-dose ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate, in combination, administered by oral inhalation for human use. (ix) Sterile aerosol talc administered intrapleurally by thoracoscopy for human use. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances under the Montreal Protocol 1986 - 2004[UNEP; Ozone Secretariat UNEP November 2005, Available from, as of march 11, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/Publications/Production_and_consumption2005.pdf]|The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer[UNEP; Ozone Secretariat United Nations Environment Programme, The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Available from, as of March 11, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/pdfs/Montreal-Protocol2000.pdf]|Achievements in Stratospheric Ozone Protection Progress Report: This report covers the important and substantial achievements of the people, programs, and organizations that are working to protect the Earth's ozone layer. As impressive as these accomplishments are, our work is not done. Even though we have reduced or eliminated the use of many ozone-depleting substances, some still remain. Additionally, since ozone-depleting substances persist in the air for long periods of time, the past use of these substances continues to affect the ozone layer today. We must also continue to ensure that the alternatives being brought to the market support the country's long-term environmental goals in a cost-effective manner.[EPA; Achievements in Stratospheric Ozone Protection Progress Report, Available from, as of March 11, 2013: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/downloads/spd-annual-report_final.pdf]|UNEP; Ozone Secretariat. Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer: 2010 Update. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone depletion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, the success of the Montreal Protocol, and what could lie ahead for the ozone layer.[Available from, as of May 21, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/Assessment_Panels/SAP/Scientific_Assessment_2010/]|USEPA; Ozone Layer Protection - Alternatives/SNAP Program. List of Substitutes. Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential as described in the final SNAP rule (59 FR 13044). Lists of acceptable and unacceptable substitutes are updated several times each year.[Available from, as of May 21, 2013: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists/index.html]

|Danger|H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P304+P340, P307+P311, P312, P321, P403+P233, P405, P501, and P502

Forced air ventilation and level of vapor concentration together with the use of individual breathing devices with independent air supply will minimize risk of inhalation. Lifelines should be worn when entering tanks or other confined spaces. /Chlorofluorocarbon/|Neoprene gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection minimize risk of topical contact. /Chlorofluorocarbon or Hydrochlorofluorocarbon/

Non-flammable gas /1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Do not use water on material itself. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane/|Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. /1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane/

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. /1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane/|If material not involved in fire: Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane/|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|Inhalation of vapors should be avoided. /Chlorofluorocarbon/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn, but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.|/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.|/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane may be distributed globally in the air, in both the troposphere and stratosphere, by analogy to CFC 114 a chlorofluorocarbon with an atmospheric lifetime of 200 years, found in the air in both the troposphere and stratosphere(1).

... If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines & adrenergic activators should not be admin since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias.

It is possible that patients with cardiac or resp disorders may prove especially susceptible to /aerosol propellants/. /Propellants/

1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane's former production and use as an aerosol propellant, refrigerant, solvent, fire extinguisher, blowing agent, or dielectric fluid(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), such as 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, were scheduled for production phaseout in 1989 by the Montreal Protocol(2). Although originally scheduled for 50% production phaseout by the year 1998 in developed countries, the worsening ozone depletion has forced acceleration of the CFC phase-out to total phaseout by the year 2000(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200 (SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 1640 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 137 mg/L(5). The potential for volatilization of 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist, based upon a vapor pressure of 1640 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2012).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane may moderately adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 1640 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 137 mg/L(8). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.8 hours and 5.2 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 32(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.78(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2012).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 1640 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas if released to the ambient atmosphere. 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is not expected to degrade in the troposphere and it will disperse and slowly diffuse to the stratosphere, a process that may take decades(3). In the stratosphere, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane will slowly photolyze, releasing chlorine atoms which in turn are responsible for removing ozone(4). While some 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane may be lost from the atmosphere by being scavenged by rain, any loss will be returned to the atmosphere by volatilization(SRC). 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane does not contain any chromophores that absorb solar radiation >290 nm and, therefore, it is not susceptible to direct photolysis in the troposphere(SRC).

Hydroxyl radicals and ozone are the two most important atmospheric species affecting atmospheric persistence. 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane does not contain any groups that react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. Similarly, it also does not contain any groups that would react with atmospheric ozone. In addition 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane does not contain any chromophores that absorb solar radiation >290 nm and therefore make it susceptible to direct photolysis in the troposphere. Therefore, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane will be extremely persistent in the troposphere. In the stratosphere, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane will slowly photolyze, releasing chlorine atoms which in turn are responsible for removing ozone(1). Reaction with singlet oxygen should be an additional stratospheric sink but no data on reaction rates are available(2). Calculated stratospheric lifetimes for other completely halogenated fluorochloroethanes are generally hundreds of years(1). While no experimental data on hydrolysis of 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane could be found, the rate of hydrolysis of Freon (chlorofluorocarbon) compounds is extremely low(2).

An estimated BCF of 32 was calculated for 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.78(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane can be estimated to be 200(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is estimated as 1.2 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 1640 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 137 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.8 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.2 days(SRC). 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon its vapor pressure(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|Occupational exposure to 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where it is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC)

... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated & slowly released into blood at concn that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization.|There is a significant accumulation of fluorocarbons in brain, liver and lung compared to blood levels, signifying a tissue distribution of fluorocarbons similar to that of chloroform.|Regardless of the route of entry, chlorofluorocarbons appear to be eliminated almost exclusively through the respiratory tract. Little, if any, chlorofluorocarbon or metabolite has ever been reported in urine or feces. /Chlorofluorocarbons/

Chlorofluoroalkanes (and also the alternative HCFCs and HFCs) produced on an industrial scale are subject to stringent standards. Impurities must not exceed the following limits (vol %): acids, 0; moisture, <0.001; higher-boiling fractions, <0.05; and other gases, 2. /Chlorofluoroalkanes/

Victims of freon inhalation require management for hypoxic, CNS anesthetic, & cardiac symptoms. Patients must be removed from the exposure environment, & high flow supplemental oxygen should be utilized. The respiratory system should be evaluated for injury, aspiration, or pulmonary edema & treated appropriately. CNS findings should be treated supportively. A calm environment with no physical exertion is imperative to avoid increasing endogenous adrenegic levels. Exogenous adrenergic drugs must not be used to avoid inducing sensitized myocardial dysrhythmias. Atropine is ineffective in treating bradyarrhythmias. For ventricular dysrhythmias, diphenylhydantoin & countershock may be effective. Cryogenic dermal injuries should be treated by water bath rewarming at 40-42 °C until vasodilatory flush has returned. Elevation of the limb & standard frostbite management with late surgical debridement should be utilized. Ocular exposure requires irrigation & slit lamp evaluation for injury. /Freons/|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Minimize physical activity and provide a quiet atmosphere. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia,administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Early ... human experience indicated that high vapor concn (eg, 20%) may cause confusion, pulmonary irritation, tremors, & rarely coma, but ... these effects were generally transient & without late sequelae.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Aerosol sprays containing fluorocarbon propellants are another source of solvent intoxication. Prolonged exposure or daily use may result in damage to several organ systems. Clinical problems include cardiac arrhythmias, bone marrow depression, cerebral degeneration, and damage to liver, kidney, & peripheral nerves. Death occasionally has been attributed to inhalant abuse, probably via the mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias, especially accompanying exercise or upper airway obstruction. /Fluorocarbon propellants/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Obviously the cause of death is in considerable doubt. Laryngeal spasm or edema, oxygen displacement, or sensitization of the myocardium to endogenous catecholamines with subsequent ventricular fibrillation appear to be reasonable possibilities.|/SURVEILLANCE/ In a cross-sectional study the neurological effects of fluorocarbons were evaluated in 27 refrigeration repair workers. Fourteen age matched reference subjects were selected from a local union of plumbers, pipe-fitters, and insulation workers. A case of peripheral neuropathy in a commercial refrigeration repairman prompted the investigation. Personal air samples from 2 worker-participants over the course of a typical workshift showed 1.4 ppm chlorodifluoromethane and 2.2 ppm chloropentafluorethane. There were no cases of peripheral neuropathy in the study subjects. There was no significant difference in mean nerve conduction velocities (ulnar, median, peroneal, sural, tibial) between study and reference subjects. Lightheadedness and palpitations were reported significantly more often by refrigeration repair workers (p < 0.05).|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Ethane, dichlorotetrafluoro-: ACTIVE|Industrial gas manufacturing|Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-: ACTIVE|SRP: The EPA has organized groups of chemicals into two classes according to their ozone-depletion potential. Class I controlled substances are those with an ozone-depletion potential of 0.2 or higher. Class II controlled substances are those with an ozone-potential of less than 0.2. Class II controlled substances are all hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).|In the United States, "Class I" substances were subject to the first round of phaseout targets. Class I substances have an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.2 or higher, and include halons, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl bromide. Section 604 of the Clean Air Act sets the phaseout targets for Class I substances. The ban on production and import of halons took effect on January 1, 1994. The ban on production and import of other Class I ODS /ozone-depleting substance/ - excluding methyl bromide - took effect on January 1, 1996.|Class I Controlled Substance: C2F4Cl2 - Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114) /and all isomers/: Ozone-depletion potential: 1.0.|... /The use of chlorofluorocarbons/ for aerosol sprays was prohibited as of 1979, except for a few specialized items, because of their depleting effect on stratospheric ozone. /Chlorofluorocarbons/|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fluorocarbons in air of working area & in exhaled air can be analyzed by IR spectrometry. /Fluorocarbons/|This paper dicusses /use of an/ electron capture detector to analyze atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons and ways of improving its accuracy. /Chlorofluorocarbons/|Gas chromatographic method for determination of fluorocarbons in air is described. /Fluorocarbons/|Gas chromatographic method for measuring halocarbons in ambient air samples is presented. /Halocarbons/

Gas chromatographic method for analysis of fluorocarbons in body fluids is described. /Fluorocarbons/|Hexane extraction procedure for the determination of common fluorocarbon propellants in blood was evaluated. An analysis of sample headspace was also evaluated for determining chloropentafluoroethane in blood. Both procedures involved analysis by gas chromatography using electron capture detection. The widely used hexane extraction procedure for determining ppm levels of volatile halocarbons in tissue was evaluated by a combination of radiochemical and gas chromatographic techniques. The data suggest that hexane extraction gives significantly low results. /Fluorocarbons/