Dimethyl succinate

146.14

146.14

956776

203-419-9

914I2127JR

52209

1993

DTXSID5025152

COLORLESS LIQ @ ROOM TEMP; SOLIDIFIES WHEN COLD

29171990

52.6

0.35

Clear Liquid

1.1202 g/cm³ @ Temp: 18 °C

19.5 °C

195.3 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

185 °F

1.4185-1.4205

H2O: 8.5 g/L (20 ºC)

Store below +30°C.

0.3 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

1.0-8.5%(V)

PLEASANT, ETHEREAL, WINEY ODOR

FRUITY, WINEY, & BURNING FLAVOR

1.40e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

Water soluble.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

DIMETHYL SUCCINATE reacts with acids to liberate heat along with methanol and succinic acid. May react with strong oxidizing acids to liberate enough heat to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated with alkali metals and hydrides.

689 °F (USCG, 1999)

Ⅲ

UN 1993

1

36

26-24/25

WM7675000

Xi

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, acids, bases, reducing agents.

P210, P260, P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P314, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P501

H227

Dimethyl succinate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: 1) the quantity added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or on food it is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

This chemical is combustible. Vapor forms explosive mixtures with air. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H319 (94.89%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P313|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1150 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P260, P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P314, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, alcohol foam. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under ambient temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots and heavy rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)

Trace amounts, less than 0.5 mg/l, of dimethyl succinate were detected in industrial waste samples from the Hercules, Inc. plant site near Wilmington, NC(1).

Dimethyl succinate was identified as a volatile component of roasted filberts(1).

Dimethyl succinate's production and use as a solvent for fruit flavors(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 37(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.35(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dimethyl succinate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dimethyl succinate from moist soil surfaces(SRC) is not expected to be important given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Based upon a group contribution method for predicting the probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation(5), dimethyl succinate has been estimated to be highly biodegraded with complete biodegradation occurring over a period of weeks(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 37(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.35(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dimethyl succinate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Dimethyl succinate is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 1.1(3,SRC), from a measured log Kow(2), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based upon a group contribution method for predicting the probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation(6), dimethyl succinate has been estimated to be highly biodegraded with complete biodegradation occurring over a period of weeks(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dimethyl succinate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.46 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimethyl succinate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 14 days(3,SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dimethyl succinate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). A base-catalyzed second order rate constant of 9.5X10-2 L/mol-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 2.3 years and 85 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2,SRC). Carboxylic acid esters are susceptible to hydrolysis(3). The observed rate constants, k1 and k2, for the hydrobromic acid catalysed hydrolysis of dimethyl succinate are 1.58X10-3 /min and 7.75X10-4 /min, respectively at 50 °C(4). The observed second-order hydrolysis rate constants, k1 and k2, for the alkaline catalysed hydrolysis of dimethyl succinate in 50% aqueous acetonitrile, are 0.287 and 0.0679 L/mol sec at 35 °C(5).

An estimated BCF value of 1.1 was calculated for dimethyl succinate(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 0.35(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of dimethyl succinate is estimated as approximately 37(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 0.35(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dimethyl succinate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for dimethyl succinate is estimated as 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that dimethyl succinate will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Dimethyl succinate's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: Dimethyl succinate was detected in surface water samples, within the blast zone of Mount St Helens, WA, from Spirit Lake in Aug and Sept, 1980 and Smith Creek in Sept 1980(1).|DRINKING WATER: Dimethyl succinate was quantitatively detected in drinking water in Cincinnati, OH in Oct 1978(1).

Dimethyl succinate was identified as a volatile component of roasted filberts(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 6,262 workers (479 of these are female) are potentially exposed to dimethyl succinate in the US(1). Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with dimethyl succinate at workplaces where dimethyl succinate is produced or used(SRC). The general population will be exposed to dimethyl succinate via ingestion of food and drinking water(SRC).

Dibasic esters are a solvent mixture of dimethyl adipate; dimethyl glutarate, and dimethyl succinate used in the paint and coating industry. Subchronic inhalation toxicity studies have demonstrated that dibasic ester induce a mild degeneration of the olfactory, but not the respiratory, epithelium of the rat nasal cavity. Carboxylesterase-mediated hydrolysis of the individual dibasic esters is more efficient in olfactory than in respiratory mucosal homogenates. In the present study, an in vitro system of cultured rat nasal explants was utilized to determine if dibasic ester toxicity is dependent on a metabolic activation by nonspecific carboxylesterase. Explants from both the olfactory and the respiratory regions of the female rat nasal cavity were incubated for 2 hr in Williams' medium E containing 10-100 mM dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, or dimethyl succinate, dibasic ester caused a dose-related increase in nasal explant acid phosphatase release, a biochemical index of cytotoxicity. HPLC analysis demonstrated parallel increases in the carboxylesterase-mediated formation of monomethyl ester metabolites. Diacid metabolite production in the nasal explant system was not entirely concentration-dependent. Metabolite concentrations and acid phosphatase release were generally greater in olfactory than respiratory tissues. dibasic ester-induced cytotoxicity and acid metabolite production were markedly attenuated in nasal tissue excised from rats which were pretreated with bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate, a carboxylesterase inhibitor. This study presents a viable in vitro method for assessing organic ester cytotoxicity in the rat nasal cavity. It was shown that dibasic ester are weak nasal toxicants under the conditions of this system. It was further demonstrated that dibasic ester toxicity is dependent on a carboxylesterase-mediated activation. A similar mechanism was proposed for the nasal toxicity induced by other organic esters following inhalation exposure.|Inhalation exposure of rats to dibasic esters revealed lesions of the nasal olfactory epithelium similar to those observed with other ester solvents. Female rats are more sensitive to these effects than are male rats. It has been proposed that carboxylesterase conversion of inhaled esters within nasal tissues to organic acids may be a critical biochemical step in converting these chemicals to toxic substances. These experiments measured the kinetic parameters Vmax, Km, Ksi, and V/K for the hydrolysis of the dibasic esters in the target nasal tissue, olfactory mucosa, and nontarget tissue, respiratory mucosa. It was determined that under the conditions of these experiments, diacid metabolites are not formed. Esterase activity was inhibited by pretreatment with bis p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Vmax values for the three dibasic esters were 5- to 13-fold greater in olfactory mucosa than respiratory mucosa for male or female rats. V/K values were 4- to 11-fold greater in olfactory mucosa than respiratory mucosa for male or female rats. V/K was similar between male and female olfactory mucosa when dimethyl glutarate was used as the substrate. With dimethyl succinate or dimethyl adipate as the substrate, V/K for female olfactory tissue was 0.5- or 2-fold that of males, respectively. Differences in V/K were mainly due to decreases in KM associated with increasing carbon chain length. Substrate inhibition was observed at dibasic ester concentrations greater than approximately 25 mM, which are unlikely to be achieved in vivo. These results lend further support to the hypothesis that organic acid accumulation in the target tissue, olfactory mucosa, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of dibasic ester-induced nasal lesions. The mechanism nay be applicable to a wide range of inhaled esters.

May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. May cause irritation. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

dimethyl succinate

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Butanedioic acid, 1,4-dimethyl ester: ACTIVE|NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 1.0-100 PPM; ICE CREAM, ICES, ETC 5.0 PPM; CANDY 15 PPM; BAKED GOODS 15 PPM; CHEWING GUM 5.0 PPM.|FEMA NUMBER 2396

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Solvents|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Cosmetics -> Emollient

Flavoring Agents