Diammonium citrate

226.18500

226.08000

221-146-3

3077

DTXSID5020079

Granules or crystals|Colorless crystals|White granules

2923900090

138.61000

-0.60070

Ammonium citrate is a white granular solid. It is soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in pharmaceuticals, and in chemical analysis.

1.48 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

185 °C (dec.)(lit.)

100 °C(lit.)

155.2ºC

H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless

Store at RT.

1.8 (vs air)

Slight ammoniacal

pH = 4.3 (0.1 molar soln in water)

Water soluble.

Salts, Acidic

Acidic salts, such as AMMONIUM CITRATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.

UN 9087

3

R36/37

S26

GE7545000

Xi

Stable.

P261-P305 + P351 + P338

H319-H335

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Ammonium citrate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.|An ingredient whose use in food or food packaging is subject to a prior sanction or approval within the meaning of section 201(s)(4) of the Act is exempt from classification as a food additive. ... Substances classified as stabilizers, when migrating from food-packaging material shall include: ammonium citrate.|Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic ammonia gas may form in fire. (USCG, 1999)

|Warning|H315 (17.19%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 283 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Approved dust respirator; eye goggles (USCG, 1999)|Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. /Ammonium chloride/

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) /Ammonium chloride/

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ to contain flow as necessary. /Ammonium chloride/|Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Ammonium chloride/|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Dust: irritating to eyes, nose and throat; if inhaled will cause coughing or difficult breathing. Solid: irritating to skin and eyes.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

L-methionine and betaine HCl were found to alleviate the growth depression /in chicks/ caused by excessive levels of L-glutamic acid. Excessive levels of L-methionine had a protective effect against growth depression caused by L-glutamate and diammonium citrate, and conversely, supplementary L-serine and sodium formate were not protective against glutamic acid- or arginine-induced growth depression. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the preformed methyl group requirement is increased by high levels of dietary protein and excessive nitrogen from a single amino acid.

...The distribution of (15)N from ammonium citrate, administered by different routes, into the proteins of various tissues of hypophysectomized rats /was examined/. The liver, kidney, and spleen contained greater concentrations of (15)N incorporated into proteins than heart or muscle fractions during 72 hr following intragastric, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous administration of 15N-ammonium citrate. After the first 6 hr, during which the intragastric route gave higher values, the quantity of (15)N incorporated into liver-protein was not substantially affected by the route of administration. In most of the other tissues studied, however, (15)N incorporation tended to be least by the intragastric route, followed, in increasing order, by the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. By the last route, more labelled ammonia was apparently made available to the widely distributed glutamine-synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) system. /Ammonium citrate/

Results of studies on the metabolic fate of dietary ammonium citrate and intravenously-administered ammonium lactate in rats showed that urea synthesis represented a nearly constant fraction of the administered ammonia over a large concentration range. Besides glutamine and urea, labelled nitrogen also appeared in creatine, glycine, alanine, proline, histidine, arginine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. ...The incorporation of (15)N from ammonium citrate into proteins of liver, heart, kidney, spleen, and muscle fractions of untreated and growth hormone-treated, hypophysectomized rats /was examined/, and found differences in the metabolic fate, depending on the route of administration. Subcutaneous injection facilitated the labelling of amide nitrogen, indicating extensive disposition via glutamine synthesis. In contrast, intragastric or intraperitoneal administration resulted in the labelling of arginine, glutamic acid, and other alpha-amino acids of the liver. Amide-nitrogen was labelled to a much lesser extent than by the subcutaneous route. The tissue distribution of the label also differed according to the route of entry. /Ammonium citrate/

Inhalation causes respiratory irritation. Ingestion causes diarrhea. Contact with eyes causes mild irritation. (USCG, 1999)

INHALATION: move to fresh air. EYES: flush with water or physiological saline; get medical care if irritation persists. SKIN: flush with water. (USCG, 1999)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Ammonia and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ammonium and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Dust: irritating to eyes, nose and throat; if inhaled will cause coughing or difficult breathing. Solid: irritating to skin and eyes.

DA-H-C cpd

Grades or Purity: Reagent|Diammonium citrate is marketed as granules or crystals.

Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing|1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ammonium salt (1:2): ACTIVE|Component of algicidal compound.|Reported product category: shampoos (non-coloring)

Cosmetics -> Buffering; Chelating