2-Aminoanthraquinone

223.23

223.23

745903

204-208-4

65Z03V2Z09

1579

5

DTXSID6020068

C44310

Red needles from alcohol, acetic acid|Red or orange-brown needles

2922399090

60.2

3.3

2-aminoanthraquinone appears as red needle-like crystals or dark brown granular solid. (NTP, 1992)

1.1814 (rough estimate)

302 °C

Sublimes

283°C

1.4700 (estimate)

ethanol: soluble(lit.)

Store in tightly closed containers in a refrigerator or cool, well ventilated area away from strong oxidizers.

Vapour pressure, Pa at 180°C: 1.3

Peritoneal-mouse LD50: 1500 mg/kg

Flammable; burning produces toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

Henry's Law constant = 9.19X10-11 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Heat of sublimation = 32.7 kcal/mol|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 4.21X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Ketones

2-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE may react with strong oxidizing agents. Forms salts with mineral acids. Can be acylated or alkylated on the nitrogen atom and nitrated or sulgonated in the ring (NTP, 1992).

II

UN3143 Dyes, solid, toxic, n.o.s. or Dye intermediates, solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

3

40

36/37/39

CB5120000

Xn

Warehouse ventilated, low temperature and dry

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P281

H351

Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.|SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Strong oxidizing and/or reducing agents.

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. 2-Aminoanthraquinone (117-79-3) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s012iq.pdf]|IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, vol. 7, p. 194 (1982). IARC Monographs provide critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for agents to which humans are known to be exposed and on specific exposure situations.[Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php]|European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, 2-Aminoanthraquinone (117-79-3) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of September 29, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]|Sendelbach LE; A Review of the Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Anthraquinone Derivatives; Toxicology 57 (3): 227-40 (1989)|DHEW/NCI; Bioassay of 2-Aminoanthraquinone for Possible Carcinogenicity (1978) Technical Rpt Series No. 144 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 78-1399

Flash point data for this compound are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H351 (97.73%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]|P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 47 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|Not Classified

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material under ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)|Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a dust mask type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Hand protection: Handle with gloves. Eye protection: Safety glasses. Skin and body protection: Choose body protection according to the amount and concentration of the dangerous substance at the work place.|Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact ... Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and faceshield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn.|Respirator Selection: At any detectable concentration: ScbaF:Pd,Pp (APF = 10,000), any NIOSH/MSHA approved self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode; or SaF:Pd,Pp:AScba (APF = 10,000), any supplied air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: 100F (APF = 50), an air purifying, full facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter; or ScbaE, any appropriate escape-type self-contained breathing apparatus.

Combustible.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.|Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators approved for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods for cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.|Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Dampen spilled material with toluene to avoid airborne dust. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in vapor-tight sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|If inhaled ..., move person into fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. Consult a physician. In case of skin contact, wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician. If swallowed, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician.|Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-Aminoanthraquinone (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

May cause respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation.|Irritates eyes and skin.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Separated from strong oxidants.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

NO open flames.

Use ventilation (not if powder).

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

moderately toxic

The role of gonadal hormones in the nephrotoxicity of the hepatocarcinogen 2-aminoanthraquinone (2-AAQ) was investigated. Intact and castrated four week old Fischer rats of both sexes and castrated female rats with subcutaneous implants of testosterone propionate pellets were fed 2% 2-AAQ in a Wayne meal diet. After 12 weeks of ad libitum feeding the animals were then given control diet. Based on survival, body, liver,and kidney weights, and the histopathological evaluation of the kidneys, castrated female rats given testosterone propionate were afforded the greatest protective effect against the nephrotoxicity of 2-AAQ.|Male and female Fischer 344 rats were fed 2-aminoanthraquinone in their diet for 12 weeks, dosage 2% in the feed (approx. 1670 mg/kg), and were observed for up to 80 weeks post-treatment. A control group received no treatment. The study examined the influence of testosterone on the known nephrotoxicity of the test substance. Therefore groups of castrated animals (male and female) and female animals treated with testosterone were included in the study. Female animals in the test group (normal and castrated) died within 30 weeks while male animals and testosterone treated females survived 80 weeks. Histopathology revealed crystallization in cortical kidney tubules in normal and castrated females which was not seen in male animals or those females treated with testosterone. It was concluded from these results that testosterone offers a protective effect from the toxicity of the test substance that gender alone cannot explain. /Translated from German/

LD50 Rat oral >3200 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat ip 1500 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip >10,000 mg/kg bw

A bioassay of 2-aminoanthraquinone for possible carcinogenicity was conducted using Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. 2-Aminoanthraquinone was administered in the feed ... to 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. The time-weighted average dietary concentrations used in the chronic bioassay were 0.69 and 0.35% for high and low dose male rats, respectively, 0.2% for the treated female rats, and 1.0 and 0.5%, respectively, for high and low dose mice of both sexes. The survival among treated female rats was poor and, as a result, no conclusions could be made regarding the carcinogenicity of the compound in these animals. When male rats having either hepatocellular carcinomas or neoplastic nodules of the liver were combined, ... there was significant positive association between dosage and the incidences of these combined neoplasms. Hepatocellular carcinomas were observed at significantly higher incidences when dosed mice were compared to controls. There was a significantly higher incidence of malignant hematopoietic lymphomas in high dose female mice when compared to controls. Under the conditions of this bioassay, dietary administration of 2-aminoanthraquinone was carcinogenic in male Fischer 344 rats, causing a combination of hepatocellular carcinomas and neoplastic nodules of the liver. The compound was also carcinogenic in B6C3F1 mice, causing hepatocellular carcinomas in both sexes and malignant hematopoietic lymphomas in females.

2-Aminoanthraquinone's production and use as a dye precursor(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,300(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-aminoanthraquinone is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-aminoanthraquinone from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.0X10-11 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.163 mg/L(6). 2-Aminoanthraquinone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(2) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,300(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-aminoanthraquinone is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.0X10-11 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 0.163 mg/L(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF range of 18-46(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(2) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-aminoanthraquinone, which has a vapor pressure of 5.0X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase 2-aminoanthraquinone may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 2-Aminoanthraquinone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

2-Aminoanthraquinone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). 2-Aminoanthraquinone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

32.36|BCF values of 18-46 and 27-43 were measured in fish for 2-aminoanthraquinone using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over a 6-week period to test chemical concentrations of 5 and 50 mg/L, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(3), these BCF ranges suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Koc of 2-aminoanthraquinone is estimated as 4,300(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.31(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-aminoanthraquinone is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-aminoanthraquinone is estimated as 9.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 5.0X10-11 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.163 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-aminoanthraquinone is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). 2-Aminoanthraquinone's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may not occur(SRC). 2-Aminoanthraquinone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Occupational exposure to 2-aminoanthraquinone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-aminoanthraquinone is produced or used. (SRC)

A hydroxy metabolite of 2-aminoanthraquinone was excreted in conjugated form in urine after dietary administration to female Fischer rats.

In studies on Fischer rats at a dosage of 2% in the feed, besides the unchanged substance, the metabolites N-formyl-2-aminoanthracite, N-acetyl-2-aminoanthracite, and the hydroxy-derivatives of 2-aminoanthraquinone and N-acetyl-2-aminoanthraquinone were found in the urine. It was noted that in male rats, metabolic catabolism dominated, while in females, soluble metabolites prevailed. These metabolites are then rapidly precipitated in the kidneys. Nephrotoxicity of 2-aminoanthraquinone exhibits a distinct gender differentiation with rapid onset of nephritis and crystalline deposits in the kidney tubules of female animals. /Translated from German/|Deposition of 2-aminoanthraquinone & less soluble 2-acetylamino-anthraquinone in kidney tubules after dietary administration of 2-aminoanthraquinone to female Fischer rats. Hydroxy metabolite of 2-aminoanthraquinone was excreted in conjugated form in urine.|Feeding 2-aminoanthraquinone in diet to Fischer rats caused deposits of crystaline material in kidney tubules, material consisted of 2-aminoanthraquinone, N-formyl-2-aminoanthraquinone & N-acetyl-2-aminoanthraquinone.

0.09 Days

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may be absorbed through the skin and may cause irritation. It is a positive animal carcinogen. When heated to decomposition this material emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. (NTP, 1992)|Carcinogens, Mutagens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May be harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation. May be harmful if swallowed.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short Term Exposure: Irritates eyes and skin.

2-amino-9,10-anthracenedione

9,10-Anthracenedione, 2-amino-: ACTIVE

Method: EPA-OSW 8270D; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: 2-aminoanthraquinone; Matrix: solid waste matrices, soils, air sampling media and water samples; Detection Limit: 20 ug/L.|Amine mixtures can be analyzed for their content of 2-aminoanthraquinone by thin layer chromatography of the 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene derivative.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens, Mutagens