Lead arsenate (Pb3(AsO4)2)

899.43800

901.73200

222-979-5

A9AI2R9EWN

0911

1617

DTXSID4042092|DTXSID80273932

White monoclinic crystals

172.50000

-2.85440

5,8 g/cm3

382ºC

Index of refraction: 1.90 (alpha), 1.97 (gamma)

Insoluble in water|Soluble in nitric acid, alkalies|Solubility in water, g/100ml: 0.0003 (none)

Store in a secure poison location. ... Lead arsenate must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates and nitrates) and chemically active metals (such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc), since violent reactions occur. Avoid the presence of acids since arsine, a very deadly gas, is released in the presence of acid or acid mist. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045.

Odorless

At about 280 °C loses water and is converted into pyroarsenate|The formation of arsenite has been observed when lead or calcium arsenate were mixed with lime, lime sulfur, sulfur, or casein.

Insoluble in water.

Non-Redox-Active Inorganic Compounds

LEAD ARSENATE has weak oxidizing or reducing powers. Redox reactions can however still occur. The majority of compounds in this class are slightly soluble or insoluble in water. If soluble in water, then the solutions are usually neither strongly acidic nor strongly basic. These compounds are not water-reactive.

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

III

6.1

1617

3

R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .

20/21-28-45

Xi

Stable to light, air & water & is not decomp by carbon dioxide; decomposed by alkalies; incl calcium hydroxide.

P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P301+P310, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501

H301

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D008, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|Long-term storage in large, weatherproof, and sift-proof storage bins or silos; may be disposed of by conversion to soluble salt, such as chloride, precipitation as sulfide, and return to supplier.|Storage: To convert the gas-cleaning residues obtained during the metallurgical processing of arsenic-containing ores into a portable and less water-soluble form, the metals are precipitated as hydroxides by using an excess of lime water and the arsenic is precipitated as calcium arsenate and calcium arsenite. This "arsenic sludge" is recycled, on the one hand, in order not to lose the valuable metals, and on the other, in order to reduce the problem of arsenic sludge disposal. Arsenic trioxide is removed from waste gases by means of electrostatic separators (efficiency 70-90%) or bag filters (efficiency up to 99%). Bag filters, however, require twice to three times as much energy as electrostatic separators. The following storage possibilities are available today for arsenic residues that cannot be recycled immediately or at all /hazardous waste landfill/.|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Violent reactions occur from contact with oxidizers, chemically active metals, strong acids. Acids and acid mists cause the release of arsine, a deadly gas.|Lead salts ignite and burn fiercely in contact with fluorine. /Lead salts/|Strong oxidizers, bromide azide [Note: Hydrogen gas can react with inorganic arsenic to form the highly toxic gas arsine.] /Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)/|Strong oxidizers, hydrogen peroxide, acids. /Lead/

DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Lead (August 2007).[Available from, as of May 3, 2016: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.pdf]|DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Arsenic (August 2007).[Available from, as of May 6, 2016: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp2.pdf]|National Toxicology Program; Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition (2014). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Lead and Lead Compounds are listed as reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. /Lead and Lead Compounds/[Available from, as of May 3, 2016: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/roc13/]|National Toxicology Program; Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition (2014). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds are known to be human carcinogens. /Arsenic and Inorganic Arsenic Compounds/[Available from, as of May 6, 2016: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/roc13/]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Dust respirator; protective clothing to prevent accidental inhalation or ingestion of dust. (USCG, 1999)|Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. Use an barrier that will prevent contamination from the dust. ... All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. ... Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece respiratory protection is worn.|The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)/|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Not flammable.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam extinguishers. Protect against exposure to dust or fumes. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.|If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. /Lead arsenates/|Extinguishant: Dry sand, dry dolomite, or dry graphite. /Inorganic lead/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Lead compounds, NOS/

Lead is combustible in powder form when exposed to heat or flame. /Inorganic lead/

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a POTW is acceptable only after review by the governing authority. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must meet Hazardous Material Criteria for disposal.|Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.|Environmental considerations -- land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Lead arsenates/|Environmental considerations -- water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Add ferric chloride (FeCl3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH=7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Lead arsenates/|For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.|If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Lead arsenates/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (26 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. /Lead arsenates/|/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Lead arsenates/|/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Lead arsenates/|/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Lead arsenates/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Lead arsenates is included on the dangerous goods list. /Lead arsenates/|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Lead arsenates is included on the dangerous goods list. /Lead arsenates/

Permissible Exposure Limit: 8 hr Time-Weighted avg: 10 ug/cu m. /Arsenic, inorganic compound (as As)/|Permissible Exposure Limit: (1) The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to lead at concentrations greater than fifty micrograms per cubic meter of air (50 ug/cu m) averaged over an 8-hr period. (2) If an employee is exposed to lead for more than 8 hr in any work day, the permissible exposure limit, as a time weighted average (TWA) for that day, shall be reduced according to the following formula: Maximum permissible limit (in ug/cu m)=400 divided by the number of hours worked in the day. (3) When respirators are used to supplement engineering and work practice controls to comply with the PEL and all the requirements of paragraph (f) have been met, employee exposure, for the purpose of determining whether the employer has complied with the PEL, may be considered to be at the level provided by the protection factor of the respirator for those periods the respirator is worn. Those periods may be averaged with exposure levels during periods when respirators are not worn to determine the employee's daily TWA exposure. /Lead means metallic lead, all inorganic lead compounds, and organic lead soaps. Excluded from this definition are all other organic lead compounds./

Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Ceiling Limit: (0.002 mg/cu m). /Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)/|NIOSH considers arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)/|NIOSH considers "Lead" to mean metallic lead, lead oxides, and lead salts (including organic salts such as lead soaps but excluding lead arsenate).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.050 mg/cu m /Lead/|Air concentrations should be maintained so that worker blood lead remains less than 0.06 mg Pb/100 g of whole blood. /Lead/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Store only in original container. Cool. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance may cause effects on the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system.

The substance may have effects on the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, kidneys, liver and blood. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. May cause toxicity to human reproduction or development.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT! AVOID EXPOSURE OF BREASTFEEDING WOMEN! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Lead arsenate is included on this list.|Inorganic arsenic has been designated as a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of the Clean Air Act. /Inorganic Arsenic/|Emission limits. (a) The owner or operator of an existing glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 2.5 Mg (2.7 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/|Emission limits. (b) The owner or operator of a new or modified glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 0.4 Mg (0.44 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/|For more Atmospheric Standards (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

D004; A waste containing arsenic may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Arsenic/|D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

D004; A solid waste containing arsenic may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Arsenic/|D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/

SOIL: It was noted that 16 yr after the final application of lead arsenate to a sandy soil, 54.7% of the applied arsenic remained in the soil.|SOIL: Arsenic residues of 440 ppm have been reported in orchard soils with a history of lead arsenate applications. ... Survey reports indicate residues of up to 2500 ppm in soils treated with lead arsenate in the 1930's.

SOIL: Lead arsenate spraying in orchards can lead to atmospheric arsenic levels of 20-260,000 ug/cu m.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lead arsenate is white, heavy powder. It is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. Outside USA: Used on fruit trees, vegetables, rubber, coffee, coca, grapefruit, turf treatment. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Confirmed human carcinogen. Skin contact can cause burning sensation, itching and rash. Lead arsenate causes inflammation of mucous membranes and skin. Peripheral neuropathy has been observed following acute, subacute, or chronic exposures to the arsenic compounds, eg, in the course of agricultural applications of lead arsenate insecticide sprays. Two cases of lead arsenate polyneuropathy are described in two farmers. It was a neuropathy of the radial nerve associated with signs of peripheral impairment of the lower limbs with pains and paresthesias. Abdominal colic, arterial hypertension, anemia and signs of renal impairment were also present. Cutaneous manifestations due to arsenic were generally recognized as follows: diffuse pigmentation appears at first in one to two years after exposure to arsenic, then punctate hyperkeratotic lesions appear mainly on the palms and soles, and Bowen's lesions occur after several years or more. Lead arsenate used in an insecticidal spray was alleged by two patients to have caused conjunctival injury, in one resembling pemphigus. The concurrence of arsenicism and lung cancer was observed in post mortem studies of those vineyard workers who showed cutaneous stigmata of arsenic toxicity at death: lung cancer occurred in 12 out of 27 men autopsied and liver hemangioendothelioma in two. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that there was sufficient evidence that inorganic arsenic compounds, including lead arsenate, are human skin and lung carcinogens. ANIMAL STUDIES: Following repeated doses, convulsions and paralysis were observed in dogs. Rats given dietary lead arsenate at 10 mg/day for 2 yr (equivalent to 40 mg/kg/day during adulthood) showed an increase in mortality compared to controls. Rats developed nephropathy and anemia. Lead arsenate poisoning was diagnosed in 2 beef heifers and was suspected in 6 other cattle from the same herd that had died previously and were not examined. Clinical signs in affected cattle included staggering, dehydration, hemorrhage, acidemia, and shock. Five adult horses presented with acute clinical signs of watery diarrhea, excessive salivation, muscle tremors, ataxia, and depression. Four died within 24 hr and the fifth was euthanatized approximately 48 hr after onset of clinical signs. Necropsy finds in two of the horses included hyperemia of gastric mucosa, intestines filled with green to black watery fluid, and multifocal to coalescing, hemorrhagic 1.0-2.0-cm-diameter ulcers of the mucosa of the cecum and large colon. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: A study reported/ that apple trees growing in soil contaminated from the earlier use of lead arsenate insecticide (300 mg As(V)/kg) were stunted and had badly stunted rootlets that were sparsely mycorrhizal. Trees growing in the same area in soil at < 50 mg As/kg showed healthy growth and vigorous rootlets that were intensely mycorrhizal.

LD50 Rat oral 80 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 825 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 125 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 100 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/PLANTS/ /A study reported/ that apple trees growing in soil contaminated from the earlier use of lead arsenate insecticide (300 mg As(V)/kg) were stunted and had badly stunted rootlets that were sparsely mycorrhizal. Trees growing in the same area in soil at < 50 mg As/kg showed healthy growth and vigorous rootlets that were intensely mycorrhizal.|/FIELD STUDIES/ The purpose of this study was to assess ecotoxicity of former orchard soils contaminated with lead arsenate pesticides at the Hanford Site in Washington state (USA). Surface soil, plant, and invertebrate samples were collected from 11 sites in former orchard areas. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) for As and Pb in soil were 39.5 (40.6) and 208 (142) mg/kg dry wt, respectively (n = 11). These concentrations exceeded Hanford background levels but were similar to orchard soils elsewhere. ...As and Pb soil concentrations were positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.87, Bonferroni P < 0.05). Speciation of total inorganic As in soil (n = 6) demonstrated that As+5 was the dominant form (>99%). Mean (SD) for As and Pb in cheatgrass were 3.9 (7.9) and 12.4 (20.0) mg/kg dry wt, respectively (n = 11), while mean (SD) for As and Pb in darkling beetles were 5.4 (2.6) and 3.9 (3.0) mg/kg dry wt, respectively (n = 8). Linear regressions were constructed to estimate soil to cheatgrass and soil to darkling beetle uptake for As and Pb. These were significant (Bonferroni P < 0.05) only for cheatgrass versus soil (As) and darkling beetle versus soil (Pb). Standardized lettuce seedling and earthworm bioassays were performed with a subset of soil samples (n = 6). No significant effects (P > 0.05) were observed in lettuce survival or growth nor in earthworm survival or sublethal effects. Based on these bioassays, unbounded no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) in soil for As and Pb were 128 and 390 mg/kg dry wt, respectively. However, /the/ range of soil concentrations generally overlapped a set of ecotoxicological benchmarks reported in the literature. ...|/FIELD STUDIES/ No reduction in yield was observed in tobacco grown in a sandy loam soil, to which 142 ppm lead arsenate was added for 3 yr.

Occurs in nature as the mineral schultenite.

Lead arsenate's former production and use as a insecticide(1,2) resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Lead arsenate released to soil will dissolve to lead ion and arsenic that will bind to organic particles in the soil(1). Lead is retained in the upper levels of the soil, however arsenic has been shown to wash out in runoff of disturbed field soils(1). Lead and arsenic were retained in the top 30 cm of soil after heavy spraying of an orchard began in 1929 until 1965(2).|Terrestrial Fate: Lead arsenate is very persistent and is removed only by weathering or washing.|AQUATIC FATE: Lead arsenate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in aqueous environments. (SRC)|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to air, lead arsenate will exist in the particulate-phase and will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. (SRC)

Arsenic levels were <0.005 mg/L in ground water samples collected in four counties in Virginia and West Virginia under previously contaminated apple orchards that used lead arsenate from 1925 to 1955(1).

Less than 1.0 ppm (wet weight) of arsenic was found in the edible portions of beans, potatoes, carrots, and corn grown on soil contaminated by the application of 469 kg lead arsenate/ha/yr for 5 yr(1). In apple juice produced from an orchard grown on contaminated soil, arsenic was below the detection limit and the lead concentration was comparable to those found in commercial fresh fruits(1). In apple juice produced from an orchard grown on contaminated soil, arsenic was below the detection limit and the lead concentration was comparable to those found in commercial fresh fruits(2).|Vegetables grown in soil containing 140-330 mg/kg lead and 50-75 mg/kg arsenic contaminated by the previous use of lead arsenate contained lead and arsenic at the following concentrations(1):[Table#3415]

NIOSH estimates that 1,500,000 workers are potentially exposed to inorganic arsenic, including arsine and lead arsenate.|In industry, inhalation and in agriculture, accidental ingestion seem to be most common modes of entry. Poisoning may occur both during manufacture and application of lead arsenate insecticide.|Toxic by absorption, inhalation (dust), and ingestion|Toxic by ... dermal contact.|For more Probable Routes of Human Exposure (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Medication (Vet): veterinary drug to control tapeworm in sheep & goats. /Former use/

... Lead arsenate /was/ ... cleared slowly, indicating that the rate of absorption may be lower /since/ the inhaled arsenic is in a highly insoluble form.|After exposure to ... arsenate, most arsenic is cleared from the blood. ... In humans as well as in most animal species, exposure to ... arsenate leads to an initial accumulation in the liver, kidneys, and lungs. /Arsenate/|The rate of absorption of arsenic in highly insoluble forms (e.g., arsenic sulfide, lead arsenate) is much lower than that of more soluble forms via both oral and inhalation routes.|/In rabbits/, as in humans, when highly insoluble arsenic compounds are administered (arsenic trisulfide, lead arsenate), gastrointestinal absorption is reduced 20-30%.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Lead arsenate was a commonly used insecticide during the first half of the 20th century, particularly in deciduous tree fruit orchards. Antimony is cotransported with As during the ore refining process and could occur as an impurity in commercial lead arsenate products.

Inhalation or ingestion causes dizziness, headache, paralysis, cramps, constipation, collapse, coma. Subacute doses cause irritability, loss of weight, anemia, constipation. Blood and urine concentrations of lead increase. (USCG, 1999)|Carcinogens

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Lead and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Lead and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in sereve respiratory distress. Moderate hyperventilation (20 respirations per minute) may be beneficial for increased intracranial pressure. Start IV adminitration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) TKO. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Lead and Related Compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Skin contact can cause burning sensation, itching and rash.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Lead arsenate causes inflammation of mucous membranes and skin.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Peripherial neuropathy has been observed following acute, subacute, or chronic exposures to ... /the/ arsenic cmpd, eg, in the course of agricultural applications of ... lead arsenate insecticide sprays.|/CASE REPORTS/ Two cases of lead arsenate polyneuropathy are described in two farmers from the same rural area; the etiology of the neurological disorder was ascertained only after repeated hospital admissions. It was a neuropathy of the radial nerve associated with signs of peripheral impairment of the lower limbs with pains and paresthesias. Abdominal colic, arterial hypertension, anemia and signs of renal impairment were also present. ...|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

lead arsenate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of dust and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. See Ingestion.

No acute symptoms expected.

No acute symptoms expected.

Trade Names: Soprabel; Gypsine; Security; Talbot. /Former/|Lead arsenate is available as acid lead arsenate, which contains 33% arsenic pentoxide. ... Available in USA as wettable powder (94-98% of chemical), as dust & paste. Lead arsenate ... in Japan contains more than 32% arsenic pentoxide.

Arsenic acid (H3AsO4), lead(2+) salt (1:1): ACTIVE|The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies lead arsenate (technical grade) as Class IB: highly hazardous; Main Use: larvicide.|Lead arsenate replaced calcium arsenate due to its lower toxicity against plants and mammals. ... Although its use in the USA and Europe is limited, it is still used elsewhere.|FORTIFIER OF BORDEAUX MIXTURE (FORMER USE)|... lead arsenate, was introduced in 1892 and calcium arsenate in 1907; their combined production in the United States, approximately 40 million kg annually, was applied predominately for the control of cotton insects.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for LEAD ARSENATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens|INSECTICIDES