Pentanoic acid

102.13

102.13

969454

203-677-2

GZK92PJM7B

0346

406833

3265

DTXSID7021655|DTXSID3058115|DTXSID80745881

Colorless liquid

29156090

37.3

1.39

Clear colorless to pale yellow Liquid

0.939 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-34.5 °C

186-187 °C

192 °F

1.421

H2O: 40 g/L (20 ºC)

Store below +30°C.

0.15 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

3.5 (vs air)

Oral-Mouse  LD50: 600 mg/kg

Combustible in case of open flame, high temperature and strong oxidant; burning emits irritating smoke

1.8-7.3%(V)

UNPLEASANT ODOR, SIMILAR TO BUTYRIC ACID

Unpleasant flavor, similar to butyric acid

4.84(at 25 °C)

4.72e-07 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 4.72X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

4.84 (at 25 °C)|In water, pKa = 4.842 at 25 °C

Undergoes reactions typical of normal monobasic organic acids.|VAPOR PRESSURE = 1 MM HG AT 42 °C|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 4.11X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Water soluble.

Acids, Carboxylic

PENTANOIC ACID is a carboxylic acid. Exothermically neutralizes bases, both organic and inorganic, producing water and a salt. Can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Reacts with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by reaction with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Reacts with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates and dithionites to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to generate a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. May initiate polymerization reactions. May catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.

752 °F (USCG, 1999)|752 °F (400 °C)|400 °C

-2,837.8 kJ/mole

Lower flammable limit: 1.6% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 7.6% by volume

The vapour is heavier than air.

III

8

UN 3265 8/PG 3

1

34-52/53

26-36-45-61

YV6100000

C

Complete packaging, light loading and unloading; warehouse ventilated, away from open flame, high temperature, stored separately from oxidants and alkalis

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P273-P280-P301 + P312 + P330-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

H302-H314-H412

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Pentanoic acid is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Leung HW, Paustenbach DJ; Organic Acids and Bases: Review of Toxicological Studies; Am J Ind Med 18 (6): 717-35 (1990).

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors and toxic gases, such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, may be formed when involved in fire. (USCG, 1999)|Combustible. Above 86 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

|Danger|H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, and P501|H302 (23.94%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2364 companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)|Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Full impervious protective clothing, including boots and gloves. Where splashing is possible wear full face shield or chemical safety goggles. Do not wear contact lenses when working with this material. Use approved respirator to protect against vapors. (USCG, 1999)|... Suitable protective equipment should be available ... /Saturated monocarboxylic acids/

Combustible liquid.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.6-7.6

Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Wash away spilled liquid with plenty of water. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Strict precautions are necessary in handling ... any skin or eye splashes irrigated with copious amounts of water. /Saturated monocarboxylic acids/

Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Separated from strong bases.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion.

NO open flames. Above 86 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

n-Pentanoic acid was identified in trench leachate from low-level radioactive waste disposal sites in Maxey Flats, KY and West Valley, NY at an average concn of 3.8 and 47 mg/L, respectively(1). n-Pentanoic acid was detected in raw and processed wastewater from the Lurgi-Process Plant in Sasolburg, South Africa at concns of 12 and 7 mg/L, respectively(2). n-Pentanoic acid was identified as a volatile component of kitchen waste exudate(3). n-Pentanoic acid was identified in the final effluent from the Los Angeles County wastewater treatment plant between Nov 1980 and August 1981 at a concn of 50 ug/L(4). Groundwater samples collected near an area known to be contaminated by wood-preserving chemicals in Pensacola, FL contained n-pentanoic acid at concns of 6.55, 1.53, and 0.51 mg/L 6.1, 3.3, and 5.8 m below the surface, respectively(5). n-Pentanoic acid was detected in groundwater from a landfill well near Norman, OK at an estimated concn of 1.1 ug/L(6). n-Pentanoic acid was detected in the acidic fraction of oil shale retort water at a concn of 210 mg/L(7). Groundwater samples collected 15.5 feet below the land surface near an area contaminated with gasoline contained n-pentanoic acid at a concn of 2 ug/L(8).|n-Pentanoic acid was detected in the leachate of a sanitary landfill located in Barcelona, Spain at an unreported concn(1). n-Pentanoic acid was identified in the effluent of a publicly owned treatment works facility located in an industrial area of NJ at an estimated concn of 8 ppb(2). n-Pentanoic acid was detected in: product water samples from an in situ coal gasification site in Hanna, WY at a concn of 1060 ppm; retort water from in situ oil shale processing in Rock Springs, WY at a concn of 5 ppm; and boiler blowdown water from in situ shale oil processing in DeBeque, CO at a concn of 4 ppm(3). Pentanoic acid was detected in condensate retort water and process retort water from the Occidental Oil Shale, Inc facility in Logan Wash, CO at concns of 0.3 and 110 mg/L, respectively(4). n-Pentanoic acid was identified as a byproduct of chlorine dioxide disinfection of drinking water at a pilot plant in Evansville, IN(5). n-Pentanoic acid was detected in primary and secondary effluents from four sewage treatment plants at concns ranging from 3.7 to 379 ug/L and 0.6 to 40 ug/L, respectively(6).|ONE OF VOLATILE ACIDS IDENTIFIED IN THE RAW SEWAGE IN HAIFA, ISRAEL WAS VALERIC ACID.|n-Pentanoic acid was detected in groundwater down-gradient from a crude oil spill in Bemidiji, MN from 1986-1990 at concentrations ranging from 0.009 to 0.326 uM(1). Samples were taken from distances ranging from 0-90 m downgradient from the spill(1). n-Pentanoic acid was extracted from oil-field wastewater samples from an oil processing facility located in California in concentrations ranging from 0.0009 mg/L to 1.37 mg/L(2).

SEDIMENT: n-Pentanoic acid was detected in sediment samples from Loch Eil, Scotland(1). The concn in sediment pore water from Station E-24 ranged from 9.3 to 160 ug/g dry weight at 9 to 12 cm and 0 to 3 cm, respectively(1); sediment pore water from Station E-70, located about 2 km from the effluent outfall of a pulp and paper mill, contained 1.3 to 24 ug/g dry weight pentanoic acid at 9 to 12 cm and 0 to 3 cm, respectively(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: n-Pentanoic acid was detected in the daytime air of Fukaya, Takasaki, and Karuizawa, Japan at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.01 ppb, respectively, in 1986(1).|SOURCE DOMINATED: n-Pentanoic acid has been reported as a component of diesel exhaust(1). On Sept 8-9, 1993 n-pentanoic acid was detected in the ambient air during a photochemical smog episode in Los Angeles, CA at an average concn of 0.26 ug/cu m for 6 samples with a high and low concn of 0.00 ug/cu m and 0.34 ug/cu m(2).

moderately toxic

LD50 Mouse iv 1290 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse sc 3590 mg/kg|LC50 Mouse inhalation 4100 mg/cu m/2 hr|LD50 Mouse ip 3590 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for n-PENTANOIC ACID (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

THE ACID IS NOT COMMON IN NATURE. REPORTED (AS THE CORRESPONDING ESTER) FOUND IN ESSENTIAL OIL OF BORONIA ANEMONIFOLIA, IN PINEAPPLE FRUITS, & IN OTHER PLANTS; ALSO IDENTIFIED AS ACID OR THE CORRESPONDING ESTER IN THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF LEMON PETITGRAIN.|n-Pentanoic acid was identified as a volatile fatty acid occurring in dalieb fruit pulp at a concentration of 5 mg/kg pulp(1).

THIS REPORT GIVES RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS OF ADIPIC ACID DEGRADATION TO ACCOUNT FOR LOSSES OBSERVED DURING EARLIER STUDIES WHERE IT WAS USED AS AN ADDITIVE TO IMPROVE SO2 SCRUBBER PERFORMANCE. LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS IDENTIFIED ONE OF THE MAJOR SPECIES AS VALERIC ACID.|n-Pentanoic acid's production and use as an intermediate for flavors and perfumes, ester-type lubricants, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, vinyl stabilizers and use as a sugarcane ripening agent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.39(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-pentanoic acid is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of n-pentanoic acid is 4.84(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of n-pentanoic acid from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.72X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(6). n-Pentanoic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.96X10-1 mm Hg(7). n-Pentanoic acid is expected to be readily biodegradable in most environmental conditions based on several biodegradation tests where n-pentanoic acid reached 43%(8) to 68%(9) of its theoretical BODs in sewage inoculum after 5 days.|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.39(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-pentanoic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.72X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). n-Pentanoic acid is expected to be readily biodegradable in most environmental conditions based on several biodegradation tests where n-pentanoic acid reached 43%(7) to 68%(8) of its theoretical BODs in sewage inoculum after 5 days.|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-pentanoic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.96X10-1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-pentanoic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.11X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-pentanoic acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.11X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.9 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). n-Pentanoic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2).

An estimated BCF of 7 was calculated for n-pentanoic acid(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.39(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of n-pentanoic acid is estimated as 140(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.39(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-pentanoic acid is expected to have high mobility in soil. In aqueous solution, n-pentanoic acid adsorbed 15.4 and 37.9% onto the clay minerals kaolinite and montmorillonite, respectively, after 144 hours at 22 °C(4). The pKa of n-pentanoic acid is 4.84(5), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6).

The Henry's Law constant for n-pentanoic acid is 4.72X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-pentanoic acid is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Volatilization of the ionized form from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Pentanoic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.96X10-1 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: n-Pentanoic acid was quantitatively detected in drinking water in Cincinnati, OH in Oct 1978 and Jan 1980, Miami, FL in Feb 1976, New Orleans, LA in Jan 1976, Philadelphia, PA in Feb 1976, Ottumwa, IA in Sept 1976, and in Seattle, WA in Nov 1976(1). n-Pentanoic acid was identified as a non-halogenated disinfection byproduct in ozonated drinking water at a pilot plant in Jefferson Parish, LA from four rounds of sampling taken between January, 1994 and September, 1996(3).|SURFACE WATER: n-Pentanoic acid was detected in the Ohio and Little Miami Rivers, downstream from an unspecified municipality, at concns ranging from 0.1 ug/L in the Ohio River to 0.2 ug/L in the Little Miami River(1). n-Pentanoic acid was detected in the Ohio and Little Miami Rivers, upstream from an unspecified municipality, at concns ranging from 0.1 ug/L in the Little Miami River to 0.3 ug/L in the Ohio River(1). n-Pentanoic acid was identified in Tanners Creek at a concn of 0.3 ug/L(1).|RAIN/SNOW: n-Pentanoic acid was detected in rainwater samples collected in a suburb of Hannover, Germany at an unspecified concn(1). n-Pentanoic acid was detected in rain and snow samples collected from southern CA at concns ranging from 0.006 to 0.20 uM(2).

n-Pentanoic acid has been identified as a volatile component of roasted filberts(1), Parma ham(2), fried chicken flavor(3), bacon flavor(4), baked potato flavor(5), and raw beef(6). n-Pentanoic acid was identified as a volatile fatty acid occurring in dalieb fruit pulp at a concn of 5 mg/kg pulp(7). Pentanoic acid has been identified as a volatile flavor component of mutton, chicken, beef, and pork(8). n-Pentanoic acid was identified as a volatile component of microwave popcorn at a concn of 130 ug/kg(9). n-Pentanoic acid was identified as a volatile component of two commercial rice cakes at concns of 210 ppb and 270 ppb(10).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4,509 workers (780 of these are female) are potentially exposed to n-pentanoic acid in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-pentanoic acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-pentanoic acid is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to n-pentanoic acid via inhalation of ambient air, and ingestion of contaminated food and drinking water(SRC).

It is metabolized by splitting into acetic acid and pyruvic acid.|Labeled valeric acid was incubated with mixed culture of cellulolytic rumen bacteria resulting in the labeling of lipids. The distribution of radioactivity indicated that 1-(14)C-labeled valeric acid was not utilized directly for biosynthesis of higher fatty acids with odd number of carbon atoms by the addition of 2 C, but it was probably degraded into 1-(14)C-labeled acetic acid and into propionic acid.|Valeric acid is formed by rumen microorganisms during the metabolism of proline, leucine, isoleucine, norleucine, and several intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism.|Valeic acid is rapidly metabolized in rat liver to acetate and propionate, giving rise to both glycogen and ketone bodies. This same route of metabolism also predominates in rumen microorganisms.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for n-PENTANOIC ACID (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Pentanoate was metabolized to a greater extent than octanoate and did not inhibit growth. Pentanoate inhibited acetate utilization in both the inner mitochondrial and peroxisomal compartments as indicated by a reduction in the incorporation of label from [1-14-C]acetate into lipids and into CO2, but there was no difference in oxidation of [2-14-C]pyruvate when pentanoate was the fatty acid substrate as compared to octanoate. Glyconeogenesis was inhibited when pentanoate was substituted for octanoate. ... The effects of 4-pentenoic acid were essentially the same whether octanoate or pentanoate was the fatty acid substrate, i.e. inhibition of glyconeogenesis from all labeled substrates and inhibition of [2-14-C]pyruvate oxidation.

Corrosive. Very destructive to tissues of the mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. Symptoms may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting. Extremely destructive to skin. May be absorbed through the skin. (USCG, 1999)|Corrosives

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ An increase in the production of interferon was observed in Namalwa cells cultured for 24 hours or more in the presence of 5 mmol valeric acid and then induced with sendai virus. All substances which enhanced interferon production blocked thymidine incorporation into Namalwa cell DNA at concentrations equal to those effective in interferon stimulation. Apparently, these inducers of friend cell erythropoietic differentiation are also inducers of interferon production.

lithium pentanoate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Chemical intermediate for polyol esters for lubricants, 87-93%; Chemical intermediate for flavor and fragrance ingredients, 7% (est. 1981)

Grades: Technical; reagent.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Pentanoic acid: ACTIVE|Volatile oil of Bupleurum chinense was separated into 5 fractions. One of the antiinflammatory constituents was identified as valeric acid.|FEMA number: 3101. Non-alcoholic beverages 11.09 ppm; Candy 25.18 ppm; Baked goods 33.51 ppm.

A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE APPLICABLE FOR THE ANALYSIS & SEPARATION OF THE LOWER FATTY ACIDS, PHENOLS & INDOLES IN CIGARETTE SMOKE IS DESCRIBED. CARRIER GAS WAS HELIUM.|Method: AOAC 965.24; Procedure: paper chromatographic method; Analyte: pentanoic acid; Matrix: bread; Detection Limit: not provided.|Method: AOAC 945.52; Procedure: chromatographic separation of C2 to C4 saturated fatty acids; Analyte: pentanoic acid; Matrix: seafood; Detection Limit: not provided.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty Acids and Conjugates [FA01] -> Straight chain fatty acids [FA0101]|Health Hazards -> Corrosives

Flavoring Agents