1-Bromo-3-chloropropane

157.44

157.44

605278

203-697-1

KA4WR2LS00

1665

9183

2688

DTXSID1051565

COLORLESS LIQUID

29034980

0

2.18

1-bromo-3-chloropropane appears as a colorless liquid. Insoluble in water and denser than water. May be toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. Used to make pharmaceuticals and other chemicals.

1.5969 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-58.90 °C

143.3 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

81 °C

n 20/D 1.486(lit.)

H2O: insoluble

room temp

Vapour pressure, kPa at 25°C: 0.85

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 5.4

Oral-Rat  LD50: 930 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50:1290 mg/kg

Open flame is flammable; reacts with oxidant; decomposes with high heat and emits toxic chlorine and bromide gas in case of acid

3.2-8.6%(V)

LB/GAL: 13.27 @ 25 °C

Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as 1-BROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE, are moderately or very reactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

III

6.1

UN 2688 6.1/PG 3

3

10-22-36/37/38-20/21/22-20/22-68-52/53-37

16-45-36/37/39-26

TX4113000

Xn

The warehouse is ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants, acids and food additives

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P261-P311

H226-H302-H331

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]: Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 57 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

|Danger|H226 (28.88%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P311, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 187 companies from 25 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P313, P309+P311, P311, P314, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2016)|Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 3.2 - 8.6

AVOID INHALATION OF FUMES.

/GUIDE 159: SUBSTANCES (Irritating)/ Fire or Explosion: Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated.|/GUIDE 159: SUBSTANCES (Irritating)/ Health: Inhalation of vapors or dust is extremely irritating. May cause burning of eyes and flow of tears. May cause coughing, difficult breathing and nausea. Brief exposure effects last only a few minutes. Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 159: SUBSTANCES (Irritating)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 159: SUBSTANCES (Irritating)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-BROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system and liver. This may result in impaired functions.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 57 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Source-dominated air samples contained 1-bromo-3-chloropropane at a median concentration of 2 parts/trillion(1). Air samples collected from a geographic area associated with the bromine industry in Arkansas contained 1-bromo-3-chloropropane at unreported concentrations(2). Ambient concentrations of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in air surrounding the Ethyl Corporation, Magnolia, AK in July 1977 ranged from trace levels to 1,688 ng/cu m(3). Ambient concentrations of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in air surrounding the Great Lakes Corporation and the Michigan Chemical Corporation in El Dorado, AK in July 1977 ranged from not detected to trace levels and trace to 63 ng/cu m, respectively(3).

moderately toxic

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane's production and use in organic syntheses and in the production of pharmaceuticals(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 63(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3,SRC), indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces(SRC) is expected based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 6.4 mm Hg(5,SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation(SRC); 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 63(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(1,SRC), indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane should volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 hours and 6 days, respectively(1,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 27(1,SRC), from a measured log Kow(4), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation(SRC); 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(6).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 6.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 18 days(3,SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 27 was calculated for 1-bromo-3-chloropropane(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.18(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is estimated as approximately 63(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 2240 mg/l at 25 °C(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane has high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is estimated as 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 8 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 6 days(2,SRC). 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane's values for vapor pressure, 6.4 mm Hg(3,SRC) and Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

The general population may be exposed to 1-bromo-3-chloropropane via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with vapors and products containing 1-bromo-3-chloropropane. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact at workplaces where 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is produced or used. (SRC)

The present study examines how variations in position, number, and type of halogen substituents affect renal and testicular necrosis, renal and testicular DNA damage, and the tissue distribution of the halogenated propanes. Groups of five male MOL:WIST rats were given single ip injections, ranging from 85 to 3000 um/kg of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), 1,2,3-tribromopropane (TBP), 1,3-dichloro-2-bromopropane (DB2CP), or 1-bromo-2,3-dichloropropane (B2,3DCP), 1,3-dibromopropane, 1,2-dibromopropane, 1,2,3-trichloropropane or 1-bromo-3-chloropropane. The most potent in causing organ damage in both kidney and testes were DBCP and TBP. DB2CP was less organ toxic than DBCP or TBP, but induced more organ damage than B2,3DCP and DC2BP. The ability of the halogenated propanes to induce DNA damage in vivo correlated well with their ability to induce organ damage. However, DNA damage occurred at lower doses and after a shorter period of exposure. DNA damage may be an initial event in the development of organ necrosis by halogenated propanes in general. Testicular DNA damage induced by the halogenated propanes in vivo correlated well with the DNA damage observed in isolated testicular cells in vitro, showing that toxicity was due to in situ activation. The findings established a good relationship between in vivo organ necrogenic effects and DNA damage for a series of halogenated propanes. Both the type, the number, and the position of the halogens affected the toxic potential. The most toxic of the halogenated propanes contained three halogens with at least two vicinal bromines.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]: Inhalation of vapors or dust is extremely irritating. May cause burning of eyes and flow of tears. May cause coughing, difficult breathing and nausea. Brief exposure effects last only a few minutes. Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects should disappear after individual has been exposed to fresh air for approximately 10 minutes. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Mortality rates in workers exposed to brominated chemicals in manufacturing research facilities from 1935 to 1976 were investigated epidemiologically. These workers were potentially exposed to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, polybrominated biphenyls, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, trimethylene chlorobromide, and DDT as well as various organic and inorganic bromides. Data was collected from personnel records and death certificates. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated for comparison against rates for American white males. In all, 2,806 male workers were identified as living, 578 workers were identified as deceased. Almost half of the cohort had worked less than 6 mo. The average term of employment was 3 yr 9 mo. Overall, the standardized mortality ratio for workers was lower than that of American white males. Deaths from diabetes mellitus occurred more frequently in these workers, with rates more than twice the number expected. Overall cancer death rates were comparable among the workers and the comparison population. Stomach cancer rates were lower among workers than expected; otherwise, differences in site specific cancer deaths were not statistically significant. The workers showed lower than expected death rates for diseases of the circulatory and digestive systems and pneumonia. There was no incr trend in mortality with length of employment. /Results indicate/ that this study has identified a number of potential health problems and should be continued with a longer observation period to establish mortality trends.|A historical prospective mortality study was conducted for 3579 white male workers employed between 1935 and 1976 at four Vesicol Chemical Corporation facilities. The members of the study cohort were potentially exposed to brominated compounds including 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, trimethylene chlorobromide. Some were exposed to DDT, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and others to radiation from rare earths process. Overall mortality was lower than expected, particularly in diseases of the circulatory system, nonmalignant respiratory diseases and diseases of the digestive system. No significant overall or cause specific mortality excess was noted among those potentially exposed to either TRIS or DDT. No cancer death was noted among the rare earth employees. Mortality from diabetes mellitus was significantly elevated among the maintenance workers hired in the early 1940's. A significant mortality excess due to diseases of the circulatory system was observed among workers potentially exposed to DBCP and or rare earth process. Mortality from testicular cancer was significantly higher in those exposed to organic bromides. The common potential exposure of the testicular cancer decedents was methyl bromide. A number of other cause specific mortality excesses were also noted.

1-bromo-3-chloropropane

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Tremor. Drowsiness.

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Propane, 1-bromo-3-chloro-: ACTIVE|The yield of crude product, which typically consists of 95% primary and 5% secondary bromochloropropanes, is about 95% based on converted allyl chloride. The minor isomer can easily be separated by distillation if product specifications call for higher purity.

AREAL Method 1P-1B. Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Indoor Air using Solid Absorbent Tubes. Analysis by capillary GC/MS. Detection Limit = 1.6 ng.