Butyronitrile

69.11

69.11

1361452

203-700-6

O3V36V0W0M

1465

8412

2411

DTXSID1026823

Colorless liquid

29269095

23.8

0.5/0.6

Clear Liquid

0.8091 g/cm³ @ Temp: 0 °C

-112 °C

117.5 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

62 °F

n20/D 1.384(lit.)

Miscible with benzene, alcohol, ether and dimethylformamide. Slightly soluble in water.

Flammables area

23 mm Hg ( 25 °C)

2.4 (vs air)

Oral-rat LD50: 50 mg/kg;Oral-Mouse LD50: 27.689 mg/kg

In case of heat, open flame, oxidant is flammable; high heat releases nitrogen oxide, cyanide gas

vol% in air: 1.6

Sharp, suffocating odor.

5.23e-05 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 5.23X10-5 atm cu m/mole @ 25 °C

Dipole moment: 3.5|Standard heat of formation: -5.82 kJ/mol @ 25 °C (liquid), 33.97 kJ/mol @ 25 °C (gas)

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Nitriles

Highly Flammable

BUTYRONITRILE can react vigorously with oxidizing reagents, when heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes of cyanides and oxides of nitrogen [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 609]. Nitriles may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). These reactions generate heat. Peroxides convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously with reducing agents. Acetonitrile and propionitrile are soluble in water, but nitriles higher than propionitrile have low aqueous solubility. They are also insoluble in aqueous acids.

910 °F (USCG, 1999)|935 °F (501 °C)|501 °C

-2568.68 kJ/mol @ 25 °C

11.67 eV

LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT: 1.65%|Class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F.

The vapour mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are easily formed.

39.33 kJ/mol @ 25 °C

Critical temperature: 309.1 °C; critical pressure: 37.4 atm

II

3

UN 2411 3/PG 2

1

10-23/24/25-11

45-63-36/37-16

ET8750000

T,F

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and acids

Toxic

Explosive when mixed with air

Stable. Combustible. Substances to be avoided include strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents.

P210-P261-P280-P301 + P310-P311

H225-H301 + H311 + H331

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers D003 and P030 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Cyanide cmpd and Cyanides, not otherwise specified/|A poor candidate for incineration. /Cyanides/

Strong oxidizers & reducing agents, strong acids & bases.|Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic cyanide fumes (USCG, 1999)|Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 17 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Danger|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 149 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P337+P313, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]|Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 80 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). Any supplied-air respirator.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for BUTANENITRILE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

FLAMMABLE, DANGEROUS FIRE RISK.|Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.6-?

ALCOHOL FOAM.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.|N-butyronitrile is considered highly toxic and requires the same handling as other toxic nitriles.|All nitriles should be handled under carefully controlled conditions and only by personnel having a thorough understanding and knowledge of safe handling techniques. Because of the nature of nitrile cmpd and the lack of complete toxicity data on many nitriles, care should be exercised in handling these cmpd to avoid inhalation of the vapors, ingestion, and contact with the skin. /Nitriles/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BUTANENITRILE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BUTANENITRILE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

A skin irritant.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted avg: 8 ppm (22 mg/cu m).

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong reducing agents, strong bases, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C , on spraying or dispersing much faster.

The vapour is mildly irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the cellular respiration (inhibition). This may result in convulsions, cardiac disorders and respiratory failure. Exposure at high levels could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with oxidizing agents. Above 17 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective clothing. Protective gloves.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Butyronitrile is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

A product water effluent from a coal gasification facility in Hanna, WY was found to contain a butanenitrile concn of 267 ppb(1); retort water from a shale-oil processing facility in Rock Springs, WY contained a butanenitrile concn of 13 ppb(1). The concn of propionitrile in condensate retort water from an oil-shale processing facility in Colorado was 2.5 mg/l(2).

most toxic

P-AMINOPROPIOPHENONE PROTECTED MICE AGAINST LETHAL DOSES OF POTASSIUM CYANIDE, & MANY ORGANOTHIOCYANATES & ORGANONITRILES.|The toxic mechanism of nitriles and the effect of metabolic modifiers in mice were studied in relation to their physicochemical properties. All the test nitriles liberated cyanide both in vivo and in vitro, with the exception of benzonitrile, although the extent of liberation and the effect of carbon tetrachloride pretreatment on the mortality of animals differed among nitriles. From these results, test compounds were tentatively divided into 3 groups. In group 1, acute toxicity was greatly reduced by carbon tetrachloride pretreatment, in group 2, toxicity was not significantly changed or was somewhat enhanced, and in group 3, benzonitrile only, toxicity was clearly enhanced. The amount of cyanide was higher at death in the brains of mice given group 1 compounds, the level being comparable to that found in mice killed by dosing with potassium cyanide. The relation between log (1/LD50) and log p for the compounds in group 1 fitted a parabolic plot, while that for compounds in group 2 was linear. For most nitriles, the in vitro metabolism was inhibited when the incubation mixture contained either SKF-525A, carbon monoxide, or microsomes from mice treated with carbon tetrachloride. When mice were closed with ethyl alcohol, metabolic enhancement of nitriles was seen compared with the control. However, ethyl alcohol, when added to the incubation mixture, inhibited the in vitro metabolism of nitriles. /Nitriles/

LETHAL IP DOSE OF BUTYRONITRILE IN RATS WAS APPROX 150 MG/KG.|LD50 Rat oral 135 mg/kg|LD50 Rat sc 200 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 45.75 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for BUTANENITRILE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Butanenitrile's production and use as an intermediate in chemicals and pharmaceuticals(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Butanenitrile has also been detected in wastewater effluents from coal gasification and shale oil processing facilities(2,3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 46(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.53(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that butanenitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of butanenitrile from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.23X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of butanenitrile from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 19.5 mm Hg(5). Microorganisms hydrolyze nitriles predominately to carboxylic acids plus ammonium ions(6,7). A mixed microbial culture, isolated from an environment contaminated with organic cyanides and PCBs, utilized butanenitrile as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen(8). The mixed microbial culture was grown for 48 hrs at pH 7 with 1 g/l of butanenitrile; the final pH and ammonia concn were determined to be 8.69 and 74.6 umol/ml, respectively(8). Thus, butanenitrile may be expected to biodegrade in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 46(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.53(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that butanenitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.23X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 10 hours and 8 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Microorganisms hydrolyze nitriles predominately to carboxylic acids plus ammonium ions(7,8). A mixed microbial culture, isolated from an environment contaminated with organic cyanides and PCBs, utilized butanenitrile as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen(9). The mixed microbial culture was grown for 48 hrs at pH 7 with 1 g/l of butanenitrile; the final pH and ammonia concn were determined to be 8.69 and 74.6 umol/ml, respectively(9). Thus, butanenitrile may be expected to biodegrade in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), butanenitrile, which has a vapor pressure of 19.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase butanenitrile is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 32 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.98X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of butanenitrile with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.98X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 32 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Butanenitrile is expected to undergo slow chemical hydrolysis in the environment, based on a chemical hydrolysis half-life of >150,000 yrs for acetonitrile(2). Butanenitrile is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for butanenitrile(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.53(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of butanenitrile is estimated as 46(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 0.53(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that butanenitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for butanenitrile is 5.23X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that butanenitrile is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 10 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8 days(SRC). Butanenitrile's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of butanenitrile from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 19.5 mm Hg(3).

Occupational exposure to butanenitrile may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where butanenitrile is produced or used(1).

150 MG/KG ADMIN IP TO RATS. HIGHEST ACCUMULATIONS OF BUTYRONITRILE & CYANIDES OCCURRED IN LIVER, STOMACH, INTESTINES, KIDNEYS, & TESTIS. BUTYRONITRILE WAS ELIMINATED IN URINE IN VERY SMALL QUANTITIES, & THIS ELIMINATION WAS SLOW.|All organs were found to contain n-butyronitrile, free hydrogen cyanide and combined cyanide. The highest average concentration of n-butyronitrile was found in the lungs, the highest free HCN concentrations were in the heart and brain. Similar findings, in an expected dose-response manner, were found after lower doses of the compound.

Water 0.09%; alkalinity 0.22 meq/g

Dizziness, rapid respirations, headache, drowsiness, drop in blood pressure and pulse, delayed symptoms. May cause cyanosis (blue-grey coloring of skin and lips due to lack of oxygen) (USCG, 1999)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

First-aid & medical therapy should be the same as for hydrogen cyanide.|Rapid support of respiration & circulation is essential to successful treatment of cyanide intoxication. Massive cyanide overdoses have survived with only good supportive care. Immediate attention should be directed toward assisted ventilation, admin of 100% oxygen, insertion of iv lines, & institution of cardiac monitoring. Obtain an arterial blood gas immediately & correct any severe metabolic acidosis (pH below 7.15). Oxygen (100%) should be used routinely in moderate or severely symptomatic patients even in the presence of a normal pO2, since 100% O2 incr O2 delivery, may reactivate cyanide-inhibited mitochondrial enzymes, & potentiates the effect of thiosulfate. Avoid mouth to mouth resuscitation during CPR in order to prevent self poisoning. /Cyanides/|Amyl nitrite perles are designed to produce 3% to 5% methemoglobinemia while an iv line is established for iv sodium nitrite. As a temporizing measure, the patient inhales the vapors until the sodium nitrite is ready. Because of the variability in methemoglobin production & the potential for cardiovascular collapse, this step may be omitted if sodium nitrite is readily available & the patient is not in extremis. Adequate ventilation & oxygenation are more important than administration of amyl nitrite. One perle ... is crushed & inhaled ... until iv nitrite is given. Sodium nitrite ... is administered iv slowly to produce a 20% methemoglobin level in adults. ... Administer sodium nitrite doses to children on the basis of body weight, since fatal methemoglobinemia has occurred in children. /Cyanides/

N-butyronitrile

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion, by inhalation and through the skin.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; headache, dizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), confusion, convulsions; dyspnea (breathing difficulty); abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

Dizziness. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Vomiting. Weakness. Confusion. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Butanenitrile: ACTIVE

n-Butyronitrile may be estimated by GC.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree