Hydrazobenzene

184.24

184.24

204-563-5

1G3CS09TUK

0263

3510

2811|3077

DTXSID7020710

C44392

Tablets from alcohol and ether|Colorless crystals

2928000090

24.06000

2.94

1,2-diphenylhydrazine appears as orange powder or a bright orange crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992)

1.158 g/cm³ @ Temp: 16 °C

131 °C (decomp)

293 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

87.7±14.9 °C

1.700

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 64° F (NTP, 1992)

Refrigerator

4.36e-04 mmHg

Open flames are flammable; work with oxidants; high heat decomposes toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

Henry's Law constant = 4.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C /Estimated/

pKa = -0.65 /Estimated/

Heat of fusion: 17,645 J/mole|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 8.5X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C /Estimated/

This chemical oxidizes in air. It decomposes in acid solutions. Insoluble in water.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE is a mild reducing agent. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. Interaction with perchloryl fluoride in the presence of a dilutent below 32°F has caused separation of explosive solids. Is readily oxidized by nitric acid, silver nitrate or permanganate. Is reduced under alkaline conditions (NTP, 1992).

III

6.1

UN 3077 9/PG 3

3

45-22-50/53

53-45-60-61

MW2625000

T,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants, food additives and acids

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.

P201-P273-P308 + P313-P501

H302-H350-H410

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U109, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases; hours for solids. Also a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases; longer for solids.|Physical chemical treatment (coagulation/flocculation followed by sedimentation), with hauling of the sludge. ... /Another method is/ wet air oxidation, using a starting concentration of 5 g/l hydrazobenzene, 99.98% of the 1,2-diphenylhydrazine was destroyed in 1 hr at 275 °C and at 320 °C.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

USEPA; Chemical Hazard Information Profile: Hydrazobenzene (Draft) (1981)|DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine (1990) ATSDR/TP-90/11|Bioassay of Hydrazobenzene for Possible Carcinogenicity (1978) Technical Rpt Series No. 92 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 78-1342, U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20014|National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Hydrazobenzene (122-66-7) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s097hydr.pdf]

Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P264, P270, P273, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P330, P391, P405, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 80 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P301+P310, P308+P313, P314, P321, P330, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)|Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one piece & close fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|All systems or equipment containing the hydrazines shall be designed to minimize the possibility of vapor or aerosol inhalation, skin or eye contact, and spill or leaks; such as full face shields, goggles, and full body protection clothing, including gloves and boots.|... Vinyl coated hand protection, natural or reclaimed rubber protection, rubber aprons, and plastic eye and face protection ... used when working with small quantities. Where possibility of gross splashing exists, full protective clothing made of rubber, neoprene or vinyl-coated materials should be worn. For respiratory protection in situations where recommended tolerance limits ... exceeded, respiratory protective equipment such as approved canisters or a gas mask or self- contained breathing apparatus must be used. /Hydrazine and derivatives/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes, or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/|Cleavage of hydrazine as a method of preventing environmental contamination was investigated. 1,1-Diethylhydrazine, ...Hydrazine compounds were dissolved in a solution of potassium-hydroxide or of methanol and potassium-hydroxide, followed by addition of an aluminum/nickel alloy. The reaction mixture was injected into a gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. The quantity of amine present was determined. ...Residual hydrazine could not be detected in any of the reactions after 24 hr of exposure to the reductant. Amines corresponding to the reduced hydrazine were the only products detected by gas chromatography. Yields ranged from 73 to 104%, with a detection limit of 1% of the theoretical yield. No benzidine was found from reduction of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine. /It was/ concluded that the procedures provide a reliable, efficient, one step approach to conversion of potentially carcinogenic hydrazines to innocuous products in laboratory wastes or in the environment.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one piece & close fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering, & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak tight. Horizontal laminar flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Phenylhydrazine/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Phenylhydrazine/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Phenylhydrazine/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Phenylhydrazine/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Moderate to high concentrations of hydrazine vapors are highly irritating to the eyes, nose and respiratory system. Skin irritation is pronounced with the propellant hydrazines ... /Hydrazine and derivatives/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

May cause mechanical irritation.

This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans.

NO open flames.

See EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE. AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is included on this list.

1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is a white solid. There is no information on what it smells like or whether it will burn. It does not dissolve easily in water, but when placed in water, it rapidly breaks down into other chemicals. These include the toxic chemicals benzidine and azobenzene. It does not evaporate easily but may be released to air when attached to dust particles. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is a man-made chemical that was used in the past to make benzidine which was used to make various fabric dyes. Benzidine dyes are no longer used in the United States, but may still be used in other countries. The only current use of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in the United States is in the production of medicines to treat inflammation and a type of arthritis.|1,2-Diphenylhydrazine was used in the past to produce benzidine-based dyes. Currently, the only use for it in the United States is in the production of anti-inflammatory drugs. Limited information is available on the health effects of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine. No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in humans. In a National Cancer Institute (NCI) study, liver tumors were observed in both sexes of rats and female mice exposed to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in their diet. EPA has classified 1,2-diphenylhydrazine as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.

U109; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

U109; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when hydrazine, 1,2-diphenyl-, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

1,2-Diphenylhydrazine was detected in 1.2% of 1,205 effluent samples collected in a national survey at a median concn less than 10 ug/l(1). Influent at the Moccasin Bend Wastewater Treatment Plant, Chattanooga, TN contained 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in 14% of 35 samples; 8% of the primary effluent samples contained 1,2-diphenylhydrazine at an average concentration of <1 ug/l (2). In a second study at the same treatment plant, 17% of 29 influent samples, 10% of 30 primary effluent samples, and 0 of 30 secondary effluent samples contained 1,2- diphenylhydrazine, where present, at an average concentration of <1 ug/l(2). Effluent samples collected from the Cedar Creek Wastewater Reclamation Plant, Nassau County, NY contained below detection limit concentrations of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine (detection limit= 0.05 ug/l); influent samples contained 1,2-diphenylhydrazine at 0.1 to 2.5 ug/l(3)

1,2-Diphenylhydrazine was detected in sediment and soil samples at Love Canal, Niagara Fall, NY(1).

A bioassay of technical grade hydrazobenzene for possible carcinogenicity was conducted using Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Hydrazobenzene was admin in the feed, at either two concn, to groups of 50 male and 47 to 50 female animals of each species. The time weighted avg dietary concn used in the rat bioassay were 0.008, 0.03, 0.004, and 0.01% for the low dose males, high dose males, low dose females, and high dose females, respectively. The time weighted avg dietary concn in the mouse bioassay were 0.008, 0.04, 0.004, and 0.04% for the low dose males, high dose males, low dose females and high dose females, respectively. After a 78 wk period of cmpd admin, observation of the rats continued for an additional 28 to 30 wk and observation of the mice continued for an additional 17 or 18 wk. For each species, 47 to 50 animals of each sex were placed on test as controls. ... Under the conditions of this bioassay, hydrazobenzene was carcinogenic to Fischer 344 rats of both sexes, causing incr incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma and Zymbal's gland squamous cell neoplasms in male rats, neoplastic nodules of the liver in female rats, and mammary adenocarcinomas in female rats. Hydrazobenzene was also carcinogenic to female B6C3F1 mice, causing an incr incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas. The cmpd was not carcinogenic to male B6C3F1 mice. Levels of Evidence of Carcinogenicity: Male Rats: Positive; Female Rats: Positive; Male Mice: Negative; Female Mice: Positive.

Biological half-lives were significantly different among the three acetylation phenotypes (analysis of variance, P < 0.05): 3.94+/-1.70 hours for slow acetylators, 2.25+/-0.37 hours for intermediate acetylators, and 1.86+/-0.67 hours for rapid acetylators. /Hydrazine/

1,2-Diphenylhydrazine's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). It also may be produced in wastewater receiving azobenzene where conditions are reducing(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 950(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.94(2)and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine from moist soil surfaces is not expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.4X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 221 mg/L(5). Based on limited aqueous screening study data, 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is expected to biodegrade in soil under aerobic conditions (80% degradation in 7 days)(6). 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine, may also oxidize to azobenzene by air or cations in the soil(7).|AQUATIC FATE: 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine rearranges intramolecularly to benzidine in aq acid. Although the concn of aq acid that is necessary for this reaction is unlikely to be found in ambient surface waters, this rearrangement can proceed easily in presence of anionic micelles such as would be formed from commercial laundry detergents.|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 950(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.4X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 221 mg/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an average BCF of 29 measured in fish and shellfish(7), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine undergoes rapid reversible oxidation in solution in the presence of dissolved oxygen and environmentally common cations (e.g. copper(II) and Fe(III)) to azobenzene(8); thus conversion to azobenzene in well-aerated waters should be a major fate process for this compound(SRC). If the conditions of the water body become reducing, the azobenzene will revert to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine(8). Based on limited aqueous screening study data, 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is expected to biodegrade in water under aerobic conditions (80% degradation in 7 days)(9). 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine absorbs light >290 nm(10) and may be subject to direct photolysis in sunlit surface waters, but the rate of this potential reaction is not known.|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, which has a vapor pressure of 4.4X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 5 hours(SRC), from its rate constant of 8.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 1,2-diphenylhydrazine may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine absorbs light greater than 290 nm(4), and may be susceptible to direct photolysis; however, the rate of this potential reaction is not known(SRC).

Although 1,2-diphenylhydrazine absorbs UV radiation beyond 316 nm(1), UV photolysis in solutions or organic solvents yields only azobenzene when aerated and azobenzene and aniline under a nitrogen atmosphere(2). 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is rapidly oxidized to azobenzene in aerobic solutions and the reaction is catalyzed by common environmental cations such as copper(II) and iron(III). The half-lives from the uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction are 5.78 and 1.16 min, respectively, at pH 10(2). No rates were calculated at pH 7, although it was reported that this reaction proceeded at an observable rate even in acidic solution(2). This redox reaction is readily reversible, and therefore, the reaction may not lead to ultimate destruction but does provide a mechanism for environmental degradation via azobenzene(SRC). The latter chemical is decomposed by UV radiation(3). Under acidic conditions (pH 2 or less), 1,2-diphenylhydrazine may be transformed to benzidine(2). There is no data to suggest 1,2-diphenylhydrazine undergoes hydrolysis(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(4).

The weighted average bioconcentration factor for 1,2-diphenylhydrazine was reported to be 29 for the edible portions of fish and shellfish consumed by Americans(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC)

954.99 L/kg|The Koc of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is estimated as approximately 950(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-diphenylhydrazine has low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is estimated as 4.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.4X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 221 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC). 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: Detected, not quantified in finished drinking water(1). 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine has been found in drinking water at levels of 1 ug/l(2).|GROUNDWATER: 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine was detected in groundwater samples at Love Canal, Niagara Falls, NY(1). One of 29 groundwater well samples at the Forest Waste Disposal Site, Otisville, MI contained 1,2-diphenylhydrazine at unreported concentrations(2).

The primary route of exposure is through ingestion ... of the chemical.|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 977 workers (154 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is produced or used. Phenylbutazone, a drug used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions (arthritis) and sulfinpyrazone a drug used to treat gouty arthritis have been shown to hydrolyze to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine(2). However, this drug is primarily used as a veterinary medication and its current use in humans is unknown(SRC). Although potential exists for exposure to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine via treatment with these drugs, no information regarding body burden was located in the literature.|Examination of 194 employees in a plant manufacturing benzidine showed 20 cases of tumors in the urinary system after an exposure to 0.03-0.1 ug benzidine and 0.006-3000 ug hydrazobenzene/l of air for 8 years on the average. The highest rate of tumor incidence was between the 6th and 10th year of exposure.

Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the urine of rats given an oral dose of 200 or 400 mg/kg revealed the presence of hydrazobenzene, benzidine, and two other unidentified metabolites. At an ip dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg, hydrazobenzene, aniline, benzidine, p-aminophenol, and o-aminophenol were identified in the urine. After iv or intratracheal administration of hydrazobenzene, only one urinary metabolite, which appeared to be phenolic, was found.|In the stomach, 1,2-diphenylhydrazine can be converted into benzidine, a known human carcinogen.|The enzyme systems in rat liver and lung responsible for the oxidative metabolism of hydrazine derivatives were studied to determine whether these enzymes, cytochrome P450 and monoamine oxidase, were responsible for metabolically activating hydrazines to carcinogenic/toxic metabolites. Cytochrome P450 preferentially oxidized the nitrogen to nitrogen bond of 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines and hydrazides, while monoamine oxidase oxidized the nitrogen to nitrogen bond of all the classes of hydrazine derivatives that were tested. Oxidation of the nitrogen to nitrogen bond led to the formation of stable azo intemediates in the case of 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines and to unstable monoazo (diazene) metabolites in the case of monosubstituted hydrazines and hydrazides. /Substituted hydrazines/

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. It may cause irritation. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. (NTP, 1992)|Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Specific treatment for exposure consists of thorough washing of all exposed skin areas with soap and water, copious irrigation of the eyes, and prompt removal of the patient from the source of exposure. /Hydrazines/|After inhalation, observation for progressive respiratory distress is necessary. Chest X-ray and arterial blood gases should be monitored. Administration of oxygen, intubation, and assisted ventilation may become necessary. Pneumonia and bronchitis need to be excluded. /Hydrazines/|Pyridoxine may be antidotal. Seizures should be controlled with diazepam, phenytoin, or phenobarbital. Blood sugar levels should be monitored for severe hypoglycemia, which may appear with or without preceding significant hyperglycemia. The patient should be observed for evidence of intravascular hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, and consequent deterioration of renal function. Patients who are symptomatic or who demonstrate a methemoglobin level greater than 30 per cent should be treated with methylene blue 1 to 2 mg per kg slowly IV every 4 hours as needed. Improvement is dramatic if diagnosis is correct. Liver function should be monitored because hydrazines are known hepatotoxins. /Hydrazines/|Elimination is enhanced by forced diuresis and acidification of the urine. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis should be effective, but insufficient human data exist on the use of these modalities. Treatment is otherwise symptomatic and supportive. /Hydrazines/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Examination of 194 employees in a plant manufacturing benzidine showed 20 cases of tumors in the urinary system after an exposure to 0.03-0.1 ug benzidine and 0.006-3000 ug hydrazobenzene/L of air for 8 years on the average. The highest rate of tumor incidence was between the 6th and 10th year of exposure.|/CASE REPORTS/ In the past, isolated cases of irritant cystitis with incontinence and hematuria have been seen on exposure to high concentrations of hydrazobenzene.

1,2-diphenylhydrazine

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough.

Redness.

Gastrointestinal (Stomach and Intestines, part of the digestive system), Hepatic (Liver), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Hydrazine, 1,2-diphenyl-: ACTIVE|Can be used in mfr of hydrogen peroxide|Rearranges to benzidine in strong mineral acid.|Hydrazobenzene can be protonated, and this is an essential step in the conversion of hydrazobenzene to benzidine.|The technical grade substances used show considerable impurities and may contain benzidine as a contaminant. In 1 of 16 samples from a manufacturer's continuous production, 25 ug benzidine/g hydrazobenzene were found... .

A PROCEDURE IS PRESENTED FOR DETERMINING THE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS (AZOBENZENE & HYDRAZOBENZENE) FROM MEDICINAL FORMS OF KETAZONE. THE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS WERE EXTRACTED WITH HEPTANE. IN AN ALIQUOT OF THE EXTRACT, HYDRAZOBENZENE WAS OXIDIZED TO AZOBENZENE WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN A MEDIUM ALKALIZED WITH SODIUM CARBONATE, & ABSORBANCE OF BOTH ALIQUOTS WAS DETERMINED AT 340 NM.|HYDRAZOBENZENE, A CARCINOGENIC INTERMEDIATE IN THE MFR OF PHENYLBUTAZONE & SULFINPYRAZONE, WAS DETERMINED IN BULK PHENYLBUTAZONE & SULFINPYRAZONE & IN THEIR FORMULATIONS. THE SAMPLE WAS SHAKEN WITH 1N SODIUM HYDROXIDE AND N-HEXANE, & ORGANIC PHASE WAS INJECTED INTO A PORASIL 400 PRECOLUMN ATTACHED TO A PARTISIL-10 PAC (CYANOAMINO-BONDED SILICA) COLUMN. THE MOBILE PHASE WAS 2.5% ABSOLUTE ETHANOL IN HEXANE. HYDRAZOBENZENE WAS MEASURED BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AT 254 NM WITH THE LIMIT OF DETECTION APPROX 4 NG, & RECOVERY BETWEEN 85-100%.|A HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQ CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD IS DESCRIBED FOR THE DETERMINATION OF 1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE IN AQUEOUS MEDIA. THIS CMPD CAN BE ASSAYED BY DIRECT INJECTION OR BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION OR RESIN ADSORPTION OF THE AQ SAMPLE PRIOR TO ANALYSIS WITH DETECTION LIMIT LESS THAN 1 UG/L. 1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE WAS EXTREMELY UNSTABLE (HALF TIME FOR DISAPPEARANCE APPROX 15 MIN) IN WASTEWATER, THUS MAKING ITS ANALYSIS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT & OF LIMITED PRACTICAL VALUE.|APHA Method 6040-B. Constituent Concentration in Water by Closed-Loop Stripping and Gas Chromatographic/Mass-Spectrometric Analysis. IDL= 1.0 ng/l.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chemical Classes -> Benzidines/Aromatic amines|Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)|Health Hazards -> Carcinogens