Isoamyl nitrite

117.14600

117.15

203-770-8

5N0U5TUC9Z

1012

7903

1993|1113

DTXSID9025455

Yellowish, transparent liquid

38.66000

1.73050

Isoamyl nitrite is a clear yellow liquid. (NTP, 1992)

0.875 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

99.2 °C

10ºC

1.3855-1.3875

H2O: <0.01 g/100 mL at 18 ºC

2-8ºC

0.001mmHg at 25°C

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.0

Amyl nitrite vapor forms an explosive mixture in air or oxygen at room temperature and may explode if ignited.

Penetrating fragrant, somewhat fruity odor

Pungent, aromatic taste

VOLATILE EVEN AT LOW TEMP|Decomposes on exposure to air, light or water

Highly flammable. Decomposes on exposure to air and light. Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Highly Flammable

ISOAMYL NITRITE is an oxidizing agent but can serve as a reducing agent. Forms explosive mixtures with air or oxygen. (NTP, 1992).

408 °F (NTP, 1992)|408 °F|209 °C

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.

II

3

UN 1113

1

R11; R20/22

S16-S24-S46

NT0187500

F

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Cool. Well closed.

Stability Unstable. Air and light sensitive. Flammable. Forms explosive mixtures with air or oxygen. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents.

P210-P261-P311

H225-H302-H331

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

This chemical is flammable. (NTP, 1992)|Highly flammable. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.

|Danger|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P307+P311, P311, P321, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: When working with this chemical, wear a NIOSH-approved full face chemical cartridge respirator equipped with the appropriate organic vapor cartridges. If that is not available, a half face respirator similarly equipped plus airtight goggles can be substituted. However, please note that half face respirators provide a substantially lower level of protection than do full face respirators. RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: It is recommended that two different glove types be used for best protection. However, if this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, remove them at once. SUGGESTED GLOVES: PVA (NTP, 1992)

Moderate, when exposed to heat or flame or by spontaneous chemical reaction...can react with oxidizing...material.|Caution--amyl nitrite is very flammable. Do not use where it may be ignited.

Amyl nitrite vapor forms an explosive mixture in air or oxygen at room temperature and may explode if ignited.

Alcohol foam...

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ISOAMYL NITRITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Cool. Well closed.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance may cause effects on the blood and cardiovascular system. This may result in cardiac disorders and the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

...Its effect can be antagonized by any drug that can activate smooth muscle under consideration. Thus, nitrite is functional antagonist of norepinephrine, acetylcholine, histamine... /nitrite/

...In emergency treatment of cyanide poisoning... for this purpose, sodium nitrite is employed iv, but amyl nitrite may be inhaled while solution of sodium nitrite is being prepared.|In angina pectoris, pain is eased by vasodilation of coronary arteries produced by amyl nitrite.|Basic pharmacological action of nitrites is to relax smooth muscle. Relaxation is nonspecific... /nitrites/|Amyl nitrite also has been used to produce changes in the intensity of heart murmurs. Murmurs resulting from stenosis of any of the 4 cardiac valves or from idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis will become louder after amyl nitrite administration. Murmurs resulting from aortic or mitral regurgitation usually decrease in intensity.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for ISOAMYL NITRITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The nitrates and nitrites should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with increased intracranial pressure (e.g., head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage) and are contraindicated in patients with severe anemia or with a previous idiosyncratic or hypersensitivity reaction to these drugs. /Nitrates and nitrites/|Since amyl nitrite increases intraocular pressure as well as that of cerebrospinal fluid, it should be used with caution in pt with glaucoma or cerebral hemorrhage.|Headache, the most frequent adverse effect may be severe (persistent or transient) and is perceived as a pulsating, throbbing sensation; headache is especially common after inhalation of amyl nitrite. /Nitrates and nitrites/|VET: Causes intense and rapid lowering of blood pressure and increases in heart rate.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for ISOAMYL NITRITE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Amyl nitrite is readily absorbed via the respiratory tract...|Approx 1/3 of the inhaled amy nitrite is excreted in the urine.

Amyl nitrite ... probably is rapidly hydrolyzed to isoamyl alcohol and nitrite ion.

SYMPTOMS: Exposure to this chemical can cause flushing of the skin, rapid pulse, headache, dizziness, weakness and a drop in blood pressure. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. It forms explosive mixtures with air; therefore, all sources of ignition should be eliminated before opening the container. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Emergency and supportive measures: Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Treat hypotension with supine positioning. Intravenous crystalloid fluids, and low-dose pressors if needed. Monitor vital signs and ECG for 4-6 hours. /Nitrates and nitrites/|Specific drugs and antidotes: Symptomatic methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue. /Nitrates and nitrites/|Decontamination: Inhalation: Remove victims from exposure and administer supplemental oxygen if available. Skin and eyes: Remove contaminated clothing and wash with copious soap and water. Irrigate exposed eyes with water or saline. Ingestion: Prehospital: Administer activated charcoal if available. Hospital: Administer activated charcoal. Gastric emptying is not necessary for small ingestions if activated charcoal can be given promptly. /Nitrates and nitrites/|Enhanced elimination: Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are not effective. Severe methemoglobinemia in infants not responsive to methylene blue therapy may require exchange transfusion. /Nitrates and nitrites/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Adverse effects from nitrate and nitrite overdosage are extensions of the pharmacologic action of the drugs, namely the capacity to induce vasodilation, venous pooling, reduced cardiac output, and hypotension. Nitrate and nitrite overdosage may result in severe hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, heart-block, palpitation, death secondary to circulatory collapse, confusion, fever, syncope (especially in upright posture), persistent throbbing headache, visual disturbances, increased intracranial pressure, paralysis, and coma followed by seizures, flushing and diaphoresis, cold and clammy skin, nausea and vomiting, colic and diarrhea, dyspnea, and methemoglobinemia. /Nitrates and nitrites/|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Heart rate responses to inhalation of amyl nitrite by patient during acute adrenergic beta blockade with iv propranolol varied greatly from patient to patient but because of its marked hypotensive effect it proved to be very potent stimulus for heart rate incr.

isoamyl nitrite

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and through the skin.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Sweating. Nausea. Unconsciousness. Vomiting. Flushing of the face. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED!

100% AS A CARDIOVASCULAR DILATOR (1973)

LIQ IN 0.18 & 0.3 ML CONTAINERS. DRUG MARKETED UNDER GENERIC NAME.|Grades: NF (75% min); technical|Usually a mixture of isomers

Nitrous acid, 3-methylbutyl ester: ACTIVE|Incompatibilities: alcohol, antipyrine, caustic alkalies, alkaline carbonates, potassium iodide, bromides, ferrous salts.

NMR ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICALS. DETERMINATION OF AMYL NITRITE IN ITS INHALANT DOSAGE FORM.