1,2-Dibromo-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane

259.82

259.82

204-711-9

1NJ2ZF1UN5

3082

DTXSID0041226

Liquid

2903760030

0

2.96 (est)

Dibromotetrafluoroethane is a liquid. (NTP, 1992)

2.18 g/cm³ @ Temp: 21.1 °C

-112 °C

47.3 °C

-16.4±18.4 °C

1.347

In water, 3.00 mg/L at 25 deg C

3.25X10+2 mm Hg at 25 deg C (ext)

1.30e-16 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 37.0 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Critical volume 0.324 L/mol; dielectric constant, liquid 2.34 at 25 °C; relative dielectric strength (nitrogen= 1) 4.02 at 44 kPa.|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.30X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 23 °C

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

DIBROMOTETRAFLUOROETHANE is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. Can react with strong oxidizing agents or weaker oxidizing agents under extremes of temperature.

7.166 kcal/mol at boiling point

Critical temperature = 214.65 °C; critical pressure = 33.49 atm

III

6.1(b)

3082

36/37/38-59-36/38

26-36-61

Xi

Irritant

Stable.

P502, P502

H420

Zakhari S, Aviado DM; Cardiovascular Toxicology of Aerosol Propellants, Refrigerants and Related Solvents; Target Organ Toxicology Series: Cardiovascular Toxicology, XII+ 388 pages; Raven Press: New York, NY 281-326 (1982). Review of the toxicology of aerosol propellants, refrigerants and related solvents on the cardiovascular system of humans.|Measurements of UV photoabsorption cross sections in the wavelength region 174-270 nm are reported for 12 halocarbons, eg Freon 11, choroform, and trichloroethylene. The importance of various halocarbons as sources of free halogen atoms in the stratosphere is discussed.[NASA; UV Photoabsorption Cross Sections for Halocarbons. Intl Conf Probl Relat Stratos 1976, NASA Doc No. NASA-CR-154106, p.255-7 (1977)]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)

|Warning|H420 (100%): Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere [Warning Hazardous to the ozone layer]|P50, and 502|Aggregated GHS information provided by 38 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|Not Classified

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: When working with this chemical, wear a NIOSH-approved full face chemical cartridge respirator equipped with the appropriate organic vapor cartridges. If that is not available, a half face respirator similarly equipped plus airtight goggles can be substituted. However, please note that half face respirators provide a substantially lower level of protection than do full face respirators. RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: Permeation data indicate that butyl rubber gloves may provide protection to contact with this compound. Butyl rubber over latex gloves is recommended. However, if this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, hole or puncture develops, remove them at once. (NTP, 1992)|Many of the fluorocarbons are good solvents of skin oil, so protective ointment should be used. /Fluorocarbons/|Neoprene gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection minimize risk of topical contact. Degreasing effect on skin can be treated with lanolin ointment. /Fluorocarbons/|Forced air ventilation at level of vapor concentration together with use of individual breathing devices with independent air supply will minimize risk of inhalation. Lifelines should be worn when entering tanks or other confined spaces. /Fluorocarbons/

Nonflammable

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Refrigerants NEC, gas or liquid, nonflammable (refrigerant, gas, NOS or dispersant gas, NOS/

Sufficient exhaust and general ventilation should be provided to keep vapor concentration below recommended levels. /Fluorocarbons/|Inhalation of fluorocarbon vapors should be avoided. /Fluorocarbons/|Forced air ventilation at the level of vapor concentration together with the use of individual breathing devices with independent air supply will minimize the risk of inhalation. Lifelines should be worn when entering tanks or other confined spaces. /Fluorocarbons/|Enclosure of process materials and isolation of reaction vessels and proper design and operation of filling heads for packaging and shipping /are administrative controls that may be instituted to limit occupational exposure to fluorocarbons during manufacture, packaging, and use/. /Fluorocarbons/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,2-DIBROMOTETRAFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines and adrenergic activators should not be admin since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias. /fluorocarbons/|Inhalation by mice of dibromotetrafluoroethane (0.63-1.0%) for 5 hr daily for 3 or 4 days reduced hexobarbital (120 mg/kg) sleeping time and zoxazolamine (100 mg/kg) paralysis time 2 fold. Hepatic microsomal hexobarbital oxidase and zoxazolamide hydroxylase activities were increased but DFK 525-A in the assay inhibited the increase in hepatic microsomal hexobarbital oxidase.|The combination of cyanide, hydrobromic acid and freon-114B2 in air due to pyrolytic degradation of freon used in fire extinguishers may have a toxic effect on humans exposed to fumes. The combination of freon-114B2 (inhaled) and cyanide, administered ip as sodium cyanide, had an additive toxic effect on mice. Freon-114B2, a narcotic, inhibited tissue respiration at the flavoprotein and cytochrome stage; the cyanide affected the oxidoreductase and, in part, the cytochrome/oxidase systems. A combination of sodium cyanide and hydrobromic acid administered ip to rats had an antagonistic effect. Hydrobromic acid, a nonspecific irritant, acted as a stress factor and induced body resistance to the combined effect. LD84 (LD for 84% of subjects), LD50 and LD16 (LD for 16% of subjects) values for sodium cyanide and hydrobromic acid were also determined.

LC50 Rat inhalation 869 g/cu m/2 hr|LC50 Mouse inhalation 300 g/cu m/2 hr

In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of Refrigerant 114 might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties. ... In persons with impaired cardiovascular function, especially those with history of cardiac arrhythmias, the inhalation of Refrigerant 114 might cause exacerbation of disorders of the conduction mechanism due to sensitizing effects on the myocardium. /Freon 114/|It is possible that pt with cardiac or resp disorders may prove esp susceptible. /fluorocarbons/

1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane's production and use as a refrigerant and control fluid(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use as a fire-extinguishing agent(1) may result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). However, in accordance with the the Montreal Protocol of 1987, production and consumption of this substance was to be phased out in developed nations in 1994, and is scheduled to be phased out in non-developed nations by 2010(2,3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 220(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 37 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from a vapor pressure of 325 mm Hg at 25 °C(3) and a water solubility of 3.00 mg/L at 25 °C(4). 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation data for 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane were not available, but since it is fully halogenated, biodegradation is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC, 2005).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 220, determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 37 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from a vapor pressure of 325 mm Hg(4) and the water solubility(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.6 hours and 6.4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 340(SRC), from its water solubility(5) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Biodegradation data for 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane were not available, but since it is fully halogenated, biodegradation is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC, 2005).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 325 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane is not expected to be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC) based on an estimated half-life of over 300 years for this reaction in air(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.30X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight in the troposphere(SRC). However, as this substance rises into the stratosphere, it is expected to be broken down by shorter wavelength UV radiation(4). As a result, bromide radicals will be released into the stratosphere where they can contribute to the destruction of atmospheric ozone(4-6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.30X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of greater than 300 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight in the troposphere(SRC). However, as this substance rises into the stratosphere, it is expected to be broken down by shorter wavelength UV radiation(3). As a result, bromide radicals will be released into the stratosphere where they can contribute to the destruction of atmospheric ozone(3-5). 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(6).

An estimated BCF of 340 was calculated for 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane(SRC), using a water solubility of 3.00 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane can be estimated to be 220(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane is estimated as 37 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 325 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 3.00 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6.4 days(SRC). 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon the vapor pressure(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 54,597 workers are potentially exposed to 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane in the USA(1). Occupational exposure to 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane is produced or used. However, occupational exposure is not expected in developed nations such as the United States where production and consumption of this chemical has been phased out in accordance with the Montreal Protocol(SRC).|... IN THE MANUFACTURE, USE, SERVICING, & DISPOSAL OF REFRIGERATION UNITS, FOOD PROCESSING, SOLVENT APPLICATIONS, PLASTIC FOAM BLOWING, & FIRE EXTINGUISHING. /FLUOROCARBONS/

...The combination of fluorocarbon with a sympathomimetic bronchodilator is potentially dangerous for the treatment of bronchial asthma. For the same reason, sympathomimetic drugs are contraindicated in cardiac resuscitation of patients suffering from fluorocarbon poisoning. /Fluorocarbon poisoning/

... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated and slowly released into blood at concentrations that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization. /fluorocarbons/|There is a significant accumulation of fluorocarbons in brain, liver and lung compared to blood levels, signifying a tissue distribution of fluorocarbons similar to that of chloroform. /fluorocarbons/|Abosrption of fluorocarbons is much lower after oral ingestion (35-48 times) than after inhalation. ... The lung generally has the highest fluorocarbon concentrations on autopsy. /Fluorocarbons/|Although fluorocarbons cause cardiac sensitization in certain animal species, rapid elimination prevents the development of cardiotoxic concentrations from aerosol bronchodilator use except at exceedingly high doses (12 to 24 doses in 2 minutes). /Fluorocarbons/|Fluorocarbon compounds are lipid-soluble and thus are generally well absorbed through lung. Absorption after ingestion is 35 to 48 times lower than after inhalation. ... Fluorocarbons are eliminated by way of lung. /fluorocarbon compounds/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

If the diagnosis of solvent abuse is suspected it can be confirmed by biochemical examination of the blood or urine. Emergency treatment is supportive and includes decontamination, oxygen, and any specific therapy required in a particular case such as antiarrhythmics or anticonvulsants. A few patients may require intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, dialysis, or treatment for hepatic failure. /Solvent abuse/|... In persons who are intoxicated with fluorocarbons, steps can be taken to lessen the risk of arrhythmias. ... Before evaluation at the hospital, patients should be advised to avoid strenuous exercise. In the hospital, patients can be placed in a quiet, nonthreatening environment and sedated if necessary. If hypoxic, oxygen should be administered and metabolic abnormalities corrected. Sympathomimetic drugs should be avoided. Ventricular arrhythmias are best treated with beta-blocking agents. /Fluorocarbons/|Patients with fluorohydrocarbon poisoning should not be given epinephrine (Adrenalin) or similar drugs because of the tendency of fluorohydrocarbon to induce cardiac arrhythmia, including ventricular fibrillation. /Fluorohydrocarbons/|Victims of Freon inhalation require management for hypoxic, CNS anesthetic, and cardiac symptoms. Patients must be removed from the exposure environment, and high-flow supplemental oxygen should be utilized. The respiratory system should be evaluated for injury, aspiration, or pulmonary edema and treated appropriately. CNS findings should be treated supportively. A calm environment with no physical exertion is imperative to avoid increasing endogenous adrenegic levels. Exogenous adrenergic drugs must not be used to avoid inducing sensitized myocardial dysrhythmias. Atropine is ineffective in treating bradyarrhythmias. For ventricular dysrhythmias, diphenylhydantoin and countershock may be effective. Cryogenic dermal injuries should be treated by water bath rewarming at 40 to 42 °C until vasodilatory flush has returned. Elevation of the limb and standard frostbite management with late surgical debridement should be utilized. Ocular exposure requires irrigation and slit-lamp evaluation for injury. /Freons/|...If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines and adrenergic activators should not be administered since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias. /Fluorocarbons/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Excessive skin contact with liquid fluorocarbons should be minimized to prevent defatting of skin ... /Fluorocarbons/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Early ... human experience indicated that high vapor concn (eg, 20%) may cause confusion, pulmonary irritation, tremors and rarely coma, but that these effects were generally transient and without late sequelae. ... Cause of death /from abuse of fluorocarbons/ is in considerable doubt. Freezing of airway soft tissues can probably be eliminated as a cause of death except in cases where the product was sprayed directly into the mouth from its container or from a balloon containing some liquid. Laryngeal spasm or edema, oxygen displacement, or sensitization of myocardium to endogenous catecholamines with subsequent ventricular fibrillation appear to be reasonable possibilities. /fluorocarbon refrigerants and propellants/|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ In a cross-sectional study the neurological effects of fluorocarbons were evaluated in 27 refrigeration repair workers. Fourteen age matched reference subjects were selected from a local union of plumbers, pipe-fitters, and insulation workers. A case of peripheral neuropathy in a commercial refrigeration repairman prompted the investigation. Personal air samples from 2 worker-participants over the course of a typical workshift showed 1.4 ppm chlorodifluoromethane and 2.2 ppm chloropenta-fluoroethane. There were no cases of peripheral neuropathy in the study subjects. There was no significant difference in mean nerve conduction velocities (ulnar, median, peroneal, sural, tibial) between study and reference subjects. Lightheadedness and palpitations were reported significantly more often by refrigeration repair workers (p<0.05). /Fluorocarbons/|/CASE REPORTS/ There are isolated reports of poisoning from exposure to fluorocarbon propellants and some studies showing a higher incidence of coronary heart disease among hospital personnel and refrigerant mechanics exposed to fluorocarbons. /Fluorocarbons/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2-DIBROMOTETRAFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane

Ethane, 1,2-dibromo-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-: ACTIVE|Bromofluoromethanes are obtained by bromination of a stream of the appropriate fluoromethane or chlorofluoromethane at 300 to 600 °C. Ethane derivatives can also be obtained by thermal bromination or by addition of bromine or hydrogen bromide to fluoroolefins. In some cases hydrogen bromide can be used to exchange a chlorine atom in a chlorofluoroalkane for a bromine atom. /Bromofluoroalkanes/|The bromine-containing fluorocarbons operate by chemical interruption of the combustion chain, and are used in total flooding systems for computer rooms and telephone facilities, as well as aircraft and portable fire extinguishers, including use on the air force p-13 rapid intervention crash trucks. Halon emerges from the fire extinguisher nozzle as a mixture of 85 percent liquid and 15 percent vapor and is discharged over long distances. It completely vaporizes upon contact with fire. /brominated fluorocarbons/

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINING FLUOROCARBONS IN AIR IS DESCRIBED. CONCN IN AIR ARE DETERMINED DIRECTLY. /FLUOROCARBONS/|A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING ATMOSPHERIC LEVELS OF FLUOROCARBONS IS DESCRIBED. COLUMN IS TEMP PROGRAMMED TO SEPARATE HALOGENATED COMPONENTS WHILE MAINTAINING SHORT RETENTION TIMES FOR EACH COMPONENT. FREON 113 INCL. /FLUOROCARBONS/|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR MEASURING HALOCARBONS IN AMBIENT AIR SAMPLES IS PRESENTED. /HALOCARBONS/|FLUOROCARBONS IN AIR OF WORKING AREA & IN EXHALED AIR CAN BE ANALYZED BY IR SPECTROMETRY. /FLUOROCARBONS/|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD IS PRESENTED FOR FREONS. /FREONS/

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINING FLUOROCARBONS IS DESCRIBED. CONCN IN BODY FLUIDS ARE DETERMINED BY MEANS OF HEAD SPACE ANALYSIS. /FLUOROCARBONS/|FLUOROCARBON DETERMINATION IN BLOOD: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION. /FLUOROCARBONS/